Abstract
This study developed and evaluated a standalone, non-intrusive radio frequency identification (RFID)-based elevator access control system for a four-story residential building. The system used an Arduino Uno, an MFRC522 RFID reader, and relay interfaces to regulate access to Floors 2, 3, and 4. Authorized card identifiers and floor permissions were stored locally, enabling offline operation without an external database or network connection. The relays interfaced only with the elevator push-button circuits and did not modify the original controller, motor drive, door mechanism, or safety system. Performance was evaluated using 47 registered cards and three unregistered cards, with each card tested 50 times, producing 2,500 authentication trials. Under the tested conditions, all registered cards were correctly authenticated according to their assigned floor permissions, while all unregistered cards were rejected. The system achieved 100% authentication accuracy, 100% correct relay activation, and 100% unauthorized-card rejection. Stable card detection was obtained at distances of up to approximately 1 cm. The first-floor button remained independent of the RFID module to preserve minimum accessibility during module failure. The proposed system provides a practical and low-cost retrofit solution for floor-specific elevator access control in small residential buildings.
