Abstract
Abstract: Murabahah financing is one of the most widely used Islamic banking products in Indonesia because of the simplicity of its sale-and-purchase mechanism with a profit margin agreed upon in advance. In practice, the implementation of this contract is frequently disrupted by force majeure events, such as natural disasters, which cause customers to experience difficulty or even become unable to settle their obligations on time. This study aims to analyze the concept and characteristics of Murabahah financing contracts, the legal consequences of force majeure on the settlement of such contracts, and the legal remedies available to customers unable to repay due to force majeure. The study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and case approach, analyzing Palu Religious Court Decision Number 97/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Pal. Secondary data comprising primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were analyzed qualitatively. The results show that, from the perspective of Islamic law, force majeure is equated with the concepts of dharurah and al-jaihah, grounded in the legal maxim that hardship brings ease. Force majeure does not automatically release the customer from the obligation of repayment; rather, it opens room for adjusting contract performance through restructuring in the form of rescheduling, reconditioning, and restructuring, as shown in the decision examined, where the claim for full release of obligation was rejected because the force majeure experienced was relative and temporary and had been resolved through two rounds of restructuring. This study recommends strengthening regulations on force majeure clauses in Islamic financing contracts so that they are clearer and more comprehensible to customers. Keywords: force majeure; murabahah financing; Islamic banking; debt restructuring; legal remedies Abstrak: Pembiayaan Murabahah merupakan salah satu produk pembiayaan perbankan syariah yang paling banyak digunakan masyarakat Indonesia karena kesederhanaan mekanisme jual beli dengan margin keuntungan yang disepakati di muka. Dalam praktiknya, pelaksanaan akad ini tidak jarang terganggu oleh peristiwa force majeure, seperti bencana alam, yang menyebabkan nasabah kesulitan bahkan tidak mampu melunasi kewajibannya tepat waktu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep dan karakteristik akad pembiayaan Murabahah, akibat hukum force majeure terhadap pelunasan akad tersebut, serta upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh nasabah yang tidak mampu melunasi kewajibannya akibat force majeure. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, yakni analisis terhadap Putusan Pengadilan Agama Palu Nomor 97/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Pal. Data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa force majeure dalam perspektif hukum Islam dipersamakan dengan konsep dharurah dan al-jaihah yang berpijak pada kaidah bahwa kesulitan mendatangkan kemudahan. Force majeure tidak serta-merta membebaskan nasabah dari kewajiban pelunasan, melainkan memberi ruang penyesuaian pelaksanaan akad melalui restrukturisasi berupa penjadwalan kembali, persyaratan kembali, dan penataan kembali, sebagaimana ditunjukkan dalam putusan yang dikaji, di mana gugatan pembebasan kewajiban ditolak karena force majeure yang dialami tergolong relatif dan temporer serta telah diatasi melalui dua kali restrukturisasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan regulasi mengenai klausul force majeure dalam akad pembiayaan syariah agar lebih jelas dan mudah dipahami nasabah. Kata Kunci: force majeure; pembiayaan murabahah; perbankan syariah; restrukturisasi; upaya hukum
