Abstract
Abstract: This study was conducted to examine the effect of leverage, liquidity, and profitability on earnings quality in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2023–2025. Earnings quality was measured using the ratio of operating cash flow to net income (Operating Cash Flow to Net Income/OCF/NI), while leverage, liquidity, and profitability were measured using DER, CR, and ROA, respectively. This study employed a quantitative method using secondary data obtained from the companies’ annual financial statements. The sample was determined using purposive sampling, resulting in 99 observations that met the research criteria. The collected data were then analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of IBM SPSS. The results showed that leverage did not have a significant effect on earnings quality. In contrast, liquidity and profitability had negative and significant effects. Simultaneous testing also showed that the three variables had a significant effect on earnings quality. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.143 indicates that the model was able to explain 14.3% of the variation in earnings quality, while the remaining 85.7% was associated with other factors not included in the research model. Keyword: Leverage, Liquidity, Profitability, Earnings Quality, OCF/NI. Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh leverage, likuiditas, dan profitabilitas terhadap kualitas laba pada perusahaan manufaktur yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama 2023–2025. Kualitas laba diukur melalui rasio arus kas operasi terhadap laba bersih (Operating Cash Flow to Net Income/OCF/NI), sedangkan leverage, likuiditas, dan profitabilitas masing-masing diukur menggunakan DER, CR, dan ROA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan. Sampel ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dan menghasilkan 99 observasi yang sesuai dengan kriteria penelitian. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya diuji menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan IBM SPSS. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa leverage tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laba. Sebaliknya, likuiditas dan profitabilitas menunjukkan pengaruh negatif dan signifikan. Pengujian secara simultan juga menunjukkan bahwa ketiga variabel tersebut berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laba. Nilai Adjusted R Square sebesar 0,143 menunjukkan bahwa model mampu menerangkan 14,3% variasi kualitas laba, sementara 85,7% lainnya berkaitan dengan faktor lain yang tidak termasuk dalam model penelitian Kata kunci: Leverage, Likuiditas, Profitabilitas, Kualitas Laba, OCF/NI.
