Abstract
Indonesia’s Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health consolidates a broad range of health-sector rules and frames health development around equity, non-discrimination, participation, sustainability, and the highest attainable standard of health. This article examines the law through a human rights-based approach to public services, focusing on the state’s obligations, equitable access, affordability, service quality, participation, accountability, and the protection of vulnerable groups. The study employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by documentary analysis of national legislation and authoritative international human rights and public health instruments. The analysis indicates that the law provides an important normative basis for integrated health governance, but enactment alone cannot demonstrate that the right to health has been fulfilled. Implementation must be assessed through the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of services, as well as the effectiveness of complaint mechanisms, transparency, and the distribution of health resources. Particular attention is required for geographical disparities, financial barriers, disability inclusion, health information, and meaningful community participation. The article proposes a rights-based implementation framework linking legal duties to measurable service indicators, disaggregated monitoring, public reporting, and corrective action. It concludes that the law’s human rights value depends on consistent implementation, adequate resource allocation, and remedies that enable people to challenge failures in public health services.
