Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, liquidity, and leverage on tax aggressiveness in health sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2022–2025. Tax aggressiveness is measured using the GAAP Effective Tax Rate (GAAP ETR), while profitability is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), liquidity by the Current Ratio (CR), and leverage by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). A quantitative research method with descriptive and verificative approaches is employed. The population consists of 38 health sector companies, from which 11 companies are selected as samples through purposive sampling, yielding 44 firm-year observations. Data analysis is performed using panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) estimated through EViews 12. The results show that: (1) profitability does not significantly affect tax aggressiveness (prob. = 0.1023 > 0.05); (2) liquidity does not significantly affect tax aggressiveness (prob. = 0.4822 > 0.05); (3) leverage significantly affects tax aggressiveness (prob. = 0.0424 < 0.05); and (4) profitability, liquidity, and leverage simultaneously affect tax aggressiveness (prob. F-statistic = 0.0006 < 0.05), with an Adjusted R-squared of 0.48 or 48%. These findings suggest that debt financing structure plays a critical role in corporate tax planning decisions within the Indonesian health sector.
