Abstract:This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Islamic Religious Education (Pendidikan Agama Islam/PAI) learning in strengthening students’ religious moderation at SMP Islam Terpadu Bangkinang. Religious moderation is…
is conceptualized as a religious attitude that emphasizes balance, tolerance, justice, and respect for diversity, which are essential values in maintaining social harmony within pluralistic societies. In the Indonesian educational context, Islamic Religious Education plays a strategic role not only in developing students’ religious knowledge but also in shaping moderate religious attitudes that prevent intolerance and extremism. Therefore, systematic evaluation of PAI learning is crucial to ensure that religious moderation values are effectively internalized by students.
This study employs a qualitative approach with an evaluative research design to comprehensively examine how religious moderation values are integrated into PAI learning. The evaluation focuses on three main aspects: learning planning, learning implementation, and learning evaluation. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with Islamic Religious Education teachers and students, and documentation analysis of learning instruments such as lesson plans, syllabi, and assessment tools. These data collection techniques were employed to obtain an in-depth understanding of instructional practices, teacher–student interactions, and assessment strategies related to the cultivation of religious moderation values. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to ensure systematic and credible findings.
The findings reveal that PAI learning at SMP Islam Terpadu Bangkinang has integrated religious moderation values into learning objectives and instructional planning. Teachers explicitly formulate learning goals that emphasize tolerance, balance, and mutual respect, while learning materials are contextualized to students’ social realities. During the learning implementation stage, teachers apply dialogical and participatory teaching methods, such as discussions and case-based learning, to encourage students to critically reflect on religious issues and social diversity. These approaches provide students with opportunities to understand differing perspectives and develop moderate religious attitudes in a reflective and respectful manner.
However, the study also identifies several challenges in the implementation of religious moderation-based learning. The use of contextual and innovative instructional methods remains limited, and learning activities tend to rely on conventional approaches. Moreover, the evaluation of religious moderation attitudes has not yet been conducted systematically. Assessment instruments primarily focus on cognitive achievement, while affective and attitudinal dimensions—such as tolerance, openness, and balanced religious behavior—are not comprehensively measured using structured indicators or rubrics. This limitation affects the accuracy of evaluating students’ overall development of religious moderation.
This study concludes that continuous and systematic evaluation of Islamic Religious Education learning is essential to enhance the effectiveness of strengthening religious moderation among students. The development of more comprehensive, contextual, and sustainable assessment instruments is necessary to holistically measure students’ cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. In addition, the adoption of more dynamic and participatory instructional strategies is recommended to support deeper internalization of religious moderation values. The findings of this study contribute to the discourse on Islamic education and religious moderation by providing empirical insights into evaluative practices at the secondary school level and offering practical implications for improving PAI learning in pluralistic educational settings.
Abstract:Islamic Religious Education (IRE) in the modern era is often trapped in an approach that is overly textual, dogmatic, and focused solely on legal aspects (fiqh) and rituals. This results in the marginalisation of the metaphysical…
aphysical dimensions of Islam—such as the concept of divinity (uluhiyah), the nature of humanity, the unseen world, the purpose of creation, and the spiritual relationship with Allah—which are in fact the foundation of the meaning and intrinsic motivation of all religious teachings. Without the internalisation of these metaphysical values, religious education risks becoming formalistic and unable to respond to existential challenges and spiritual crises amid the onslaught of materialism and secularisation in the modern world. This article aims to analyse the urgency and strategies for internalising metaphysical values within the framework of contemporary Islamic Religious Education, as well as to formulate an approach model relevant to the modern era. This study uses a qualitative method with a philosophical-analytical library research approach. Data were collected from primary sources such as the Qur'an, Hadith, and the works of classical and contemporary Islamic thinkers on education and metaphysics. The analysis was conducted hermeneutically and deductively to develop a conceptual framework. The analysis shows that the internalisation of metaphysical values in PAI is crucial for: (1) building a holistic Islamic worldview, (2) developing a deep spiritual awareness (ihsan), (3) providing a solid moral foundation that transcends positive law, and (4) creating mental-spiritual resilience in facing modern complexities. To achieve this, it is necessary to reorient the PAI curriculum to integrate metaphysical elements through an interdisciplinary approach (linking it to science, psychology, and philosophy), reflective and contemplative learning methods (such as tadabbur and tafakkur), and the use of digital technology as a medium for creative spiritual exploration.
Abstract:Islamic Education and Colonial Education are two methods to educate the Indonesian people, especially in Java. Islamic Education and Colonial Education have their own advantages for society. Islamic Education tends to be…
more religious, while Colonial Education tends to be secular and liberal. Each education has a different teaching system because it has different goals and targets according to the interests of the government in power at that time. This research method uses a historical method that is based on four things as usual, namely: heuristics, criticism, verification and historiography. Because this event is a political history, the researcher uses a socio-political approach to analyze it. On the other hand, assisted by the challenge and response theory developed by Arnold Toynbe. According to this theory, culture occurs because of challenges and answers between humans and their surroundings. The results of this study indicate that the existence of racial and discriminatory Dutch colonial government education resulted in the emergence of forms of resistance in the field of education. This phenomenon results in the birth of Islamic boarding schools and private schools such as: Tebu Ireng Islamic Boarding School (1899), Tambak Beras Islamic Boarding School (1919) East Java, Krapyak Islamic Boarding School, Yogyakarta (1911), Sukamanah Islamic Boarding School, Cipasung Tasikmalaya, West Java (1930). As for private schools (private) namely Muhammadiyah School (1912), Taman Siswa (1922) and Nahdlatul Ulama (1926).
Abstract:This study examines strategies for integrating spiritual values and character education based on local wisdom in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia. NTT has a unique socio-cultural characteristic in which Christian and…
Catholic values have been deeply inculturated into indigenous traditions and customary practices. This qualitative research aims to formulate a model of character education that remains firmly rooted in local cultural foundations (indigenous knowledge) rather than being detached from them. The findings indicate that local concepts such as Moat Gede (Sikka), Suu/Woe (Ngada/Ende), and Loke Nggerang (Manggarai) can function as effective instruments for cultivating noble moral character. The study concludes that the formation of youth character in NTT will achieve optimal outcomes when educational institutions are able to carry out a meaningful “reconciliation” between religious dogma, the formal curriculum, and customary ethical values.
Abstract:Holistic spirituality is an approach to life that integrates the physical, mental, social, and religious dimensions. In the context of the rapid development of modern society, the concept of holistic spirituality is increasingly…
easingly relevant as a response to the crisis of meaning, stress, and human alienation. This article examines Hendrikus Leven's ideas on holistic spirituality, which emphasize self-balance, harmonious relationships with others, and a deep connection with God and the universe. Through a descriptive-analytical approach, this discussion illustrates the contribution of Leven's thinking to enriching the understanding of modern spirituality, including its relevance to personal life, education, pastoral care, and character development. This study concludes that Hendrikus Leven's holistic spirituality can become a paradigm for life renewal that touches all aspects of human existence and offers a path to building a more meaningful, balanced, and sustainable life.
Abstract:This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of fulfilling children’s rights to maintenance after divorce at the Sibuhuan Religious Court by examining the legal foundations, the implementation of court decisions, and the…
he obstacles in their enforcement. This research employs a qualitative juridical-empirical approach through the analysis of statutory regulations, legal literature, and relevant court practices. The findings indicate that although fathers’ obligations to provide child maintenance are clearly regulated under both Islamic law and Indonesian positive law, their implementation in practice remains inadequate. The main obstacles include low legal awareness among the parties, economic constraints, weak mechanisms for monitoring the execution of court decisions, and institutional limitations within the Religious Court in ensuring continuous compliance. This study emphasizes that the effectiveness of child protection cannot rely solely on judicial rulings but requires strengthening institutional mechanisms, optimizing the role of mediation, and increasing public legal awareness. Therefore, fulfilling child maintenance rights after divorce should be positioned as an integral part of realizing substantive justice and protecting the best interests of the child.
Abstract:Digital transformation through Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers significant potential for enhancing elementary school teacher competence, yet its implementation remains largely technical and fragmented when detached from…
rom teachers’ religious and personal dimensions. This study addresses this gap by examining the integration of AI-assisted learning and Qur’anic tahsin development as a holistic model of teacher competency enhancement. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research was conducted at SD Negeri 200206 Padangsidimpuan, involving elementary school teachers, Islamic Religious Education teachers, school leadership, and facilitators of AI and tahsin training programs. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis, and analyzed using an interactive analytical model with methodological triangulation. The findings reveal that the use of AI tools—such as ChatGPT, Gamma, and Canva AI—significantly improves instructional effectiveness and strengthens teachers’ pedagogical and professional competencies. Furthermore, AI-integrated Qur’anic tahsin training, particularly in makhārij al-ḥurūf and tajwīd, enhances teachers’ Qur’anic recitation quality while reinforcing their religious and personal competencies. This study contributes a value-based, integrative framework for teacher professional development that bridges digital innovation and Islamic educational values. Despite its potential, the model faces challenges related to digital literacy disparities, infrastructural readiness, and the need for sustained mentoring. The study advances scholarly discourse on ethically grounded AI integration in elementary education.
Abstract:This research aims to explore, analyze and understand the use of suluk and jawokan in the context of the culture and traditions of the Cirebon-Indramayu community. The type of research used is a qualitative descriptive study…
tudy with an ethnographic approach to document the use of suluk and jawokan in various traditional ceremonies, rituals, as well as aspects of the social and spiritual life of the community. Data collection methods include direct observation, in-depth interviews, and searching related literature. The research results show that suluk and jawokan have an important role in traditional ceremonies, traditional medicine, and religious rituals, used for various purposes such as healing, protection, and communication with ancestral spirits.
Apart from that, suluk and jawokan reflect cultural values and local wisdom passed down from generation to generation. This research concludes that preserving suluk and jawokan as part of intangible cultural heritage is very important to maintain the identity and cultural sustainability of the people of Cirebon-Indramayu. The mysticism of suluk and jawokan is oral literature that developed among the people of Cirebon-Indramayu as a vehicle for expression in expressing ethics, aesthetics and transcendent values in deeper social and religious realms.
Based on the research results, the students' writing level is very enthusiastic, so that students are able to express ideas, thoughts, and messages in writing poetry or mantras. It turns out that based on the table, 70% of students like writing, 15% dislike it, and 15% are hesitant. Learning to write requires continuous practice. For this reason, teachers as facilitators and motivators for students, should offer strategies in the form of methods and media that are interesting for students. The strategies used by teachers determine the success of learning. To achieve writing skills, a lot of practice is needed. Appropriate and varied writing exercises will make it easier for students to learn the language and have a big influence on learning other subjects. Therefore, the role of teachers and their creativity in the learning process also determines the success of students in learning the language, especially writing lessons.
Abstract:This article aims to analyze the scientific content in the field of Ancient Mesopotamian ziggurat architecture presented in the History textbook of the 2009 School-Based Curriculum by Tarunasena M. This study uses a qualitative…
itative approach with a content analysis method to examine historical discourse related to the development of science, technology, and civilization in Mesopotamia, especially in the Sumerians, Assyrians, and Chaldeans. The results of the Analysis show that the narrative in the textbook has included a representation of the progress of Mesopotamian civilization through orderly urban planning, the use of clay building materials, mastery of arithmetic and geometry, metal processing, the construction of ziggurats as religious and political symbols, the establishment of libraries as centers of knowledge, and the creation of monumental architectural works such as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. These findings indicate that textbooks play an important role in transmitting to students the values of scientific progress, innovation, and the heritage of civilization.
Abstract:This study examines the implementation of character education at MTsN 3 Halmahera Utara through four focal values: religiosity, honesty, tolerance, and discipline. Using a qualitative naturalistic approach, data were collected…
lected from the head of the madrasah, teachers, and students through in depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The findings indicate that character education is organized as a whole school culture rather than a standalone program. Religiosity is strengthened through routinized worship practices that scaffold ethical conduct and self regulation. Honesty is fostered through teacher exemplarity, trust based learning situations, and clear behavioral norms related to academic integrity and everyday responsibility. Tolerance is cultivated as a relational practice through inclusive interaction norms and respect for differences in the school community. Discipline is reinforced through consistent routines, rule clarity, and guided accountability, though its internalization remains sensitive to family support and external influences. Overall, the study shows that coherent habituation, modeling, and institutional consistency are decisive for embedding character values in students’ daily behavior and for sustaining a constructive moral climate in the madrasah. The results suggest implications for school leadership, teacher development, and family engagement. Limitations include the single site design and scope, indicating the need for comparative and longitudinal studies.