Abstract:Abstract: Mental health issues, particularly depression among young adult university students, are often detected late due to stigma and reluctance to seek medical consultation. The objective of this study is to develop…
an early screening model employing machine learning techniques, specifically the random forest algorithm, on a dataset of 268 students (aged 17-29 years; consisting of 98 males and 170 females) within a multicultural educational setting. The principal challenges associated with this dataset are class imbalance and the potential for data leakage from clinical scores. This study implements a rigorous feature selection approach that involves the elimination of depression score features and the utilization of the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) to balance the training data distribution. Furthermore, a Threshold Tuning strategy is employed to prioritize detection sensitivity (Recall). The findings indicate that reducing the decision threshold to an optimal value of 0.25 led to a substantial enhancement in the recall value, increasing it from 36% (baseline) to 77%. A feature importance analysis was conducted, the results of which indicated that Total Social Connectedness (ToSC) is the most dominant predictor. In summary, the present study corroborates the notion that optimizing sensitivity through threshold tuning is of paramount importance for medical screening. Furthermore, social isolation factors emerge as more significant indicators of depression risk than demographic attributes.
Keywords: data mining; depression; imbalanced data; random forest; smote; threshold tuning
Abstrak: Masalah kesehatan mental, khususnya depresi di kalangan mahasiswa dewasa muda, sering terdeteksi terlambat akibat stigma dan enggan mencari konsultasi medis. Tujuan studi ini adalah mengembangkan model skrining dini menggunakan teknik machine learning, khususnya algoritma random forest, pada dataset 268 mahasiswa (usia 17-29 tahun; terdiri dari 98 laki-laki dan 170 perempuan) dalam lingkungan pendidikan multikultural. Tantangan utama yang terkait dengan dataset ini adalah ketidakseimbangan kelas dan potensi kebocoran data dari skor klinis. Studi ini menerapkan pendekatan seleksi fitur yang ketat, yang melibatkan eliminasi fitur skor depresi dan penggunaan Teknik Over-sampling Minoritas Sintetis (SMOTE) untuk menyeimbangkan distribusi data pelatihan. Selain itu, strategi Penyesuaian Ambang Batas diterapkan untuk memprioritaskan sensitivitas deteksi (Recall). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mengurangi ambang batas keputusan ke nilai optimal 0,25 menyebabkan peningkatan signifikan dalam nilai recall, dari 36% (dasar) menjadi 77%. Analisis pentingnya fitur dilakukan, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Total Social Connectedness (ToSC) adalah prediktor yang paling dominan. Secara ringkas, studi ini membenarkan bahwa mengoptimalkan sensitivitas melalui penyesuaian ambang batas sangat penting untuk skrining medis. Selain itu, faktor isolasi sosial muncul sebagai indikator risiko depresi yang lebih signifikan daripada atribut demografis.
Kata kunci: penambangan data; depresi; data tidak seimbang; hutan acak; smote; penyesuaian ambang batas
Abstract:Abstract: The materials sector is one of the stock markets sectors that attracts investors due to the high level of construction activity in Indonesia, which supports long-term growth. Stock price movements are influenced…
d by various factors, requiring investors to determine the appropriate timing for buying, selling, or holding stocks. Therefore, this study aims to predict stock prices in the materials sector using a combination of CNN–BiLSTM algorithms. The research data were obtained from Yahoo Finance and processed through min–max normalization, data splitting, sliding window, model implementation, and evaluation stages. Testing was conducted on INTP and SMGR stocks with data split scenarios ranging from 60:40 to 90:10. The results show that CNN–BiLSTM performs best with a 90:10 data split, with minimum MSE and MAPE values of 0.000153 and 2.471% for INTP, and 0.000199 and 2.208% for SMGR, respectively. These findings indicate that increasing the proportion of training data improves the model's ability to learn historical patterns and produce more stable predictions.
Keywords: CNN-BILSTM; materials sector; stock
Abstrak: Sektor materials merupakan salah satu sektor saham yang diminati investor karena tingginya aktivitas pembangunan di Indonesia yang mendorong pertumbuhan jangka panjang. Pergerakan harga saham dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor sehingga investor perlu menentukan waktu transaksi yang tepat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan memprediksi harga saham sektor materials menggunakan kombinasi algoritma CNN–BiLSTM. Data penelitian diperoleh dari Yahoo Finance dan diproses melalui tahapan normalisasi min–max, pembagian data, sliding window, implementasi model, serta evaluasi. Pengujian dilakukan pada saham INTP dan SMGR dengan skenario pembagian data 60:40 hingga 90:10. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa CNN–BiLSTM menghasilkan performa terbaik pada pembagian data 90:10, dengan nilai MSE dan MAPE minimum masing-masing sebesar 0.000153 dan 2.471% untuk INTP, serta 0.000199 dan 2.208% untuk SMGR. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan porsi data latih meningkatkan kemampuan model dalam mempelajari pola historis dan menghasilkan prediksi yang lebih stabil.
Kata kunci: CNN-BILSTM; saham; sektor materials
Abstract:Abstract: One of the main challenges in digital image processing is limited resolution, which makes it difficult to preserve visual details when images are enlarged. Conventional methods such as Bilinear Interpolation are…
e commonly used for image upscaling; however, these approaches often produce blurred images, lose fine textures, and fail to reconstruct complex visual structures. This study aims to enhance digital image resolution by employing a deep learni based approach using a Low-Light Convolutional Neural Network (LLCNN) built upon a Deep Neural Network (DNN) architecture. The dataset used in this study is the DIV2K dataset, which consists of 1,000 high-resolution images. These images were downsampled using scaling factors of ×2, ×3, and ×4 to generate paired Low Resolution–High Resolution (LR–HR) data for training and evaluation. The proposed LLCNN is designed to extract important features such as edges, textures, and local patterns through multiple convolutional layers, followed by non-linear mapping to reconstruct high-resolution images more accurately. Quantitative performance evaluation was conducted using the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). Model performance was evaluated quantitatively using the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) metric. Experimental results showed that the proposed method improved image quality compared to the bilinear method. These results indicate that the deep learning based approach effectively improves image sharpness and structural fidelity, thereby demonstrating its potential for digital image resolution enhancement.
Keywords: deep neural network; image resolution; low-light convolutional neural network; machine learning
Abstrak: Permasalahan utama dalam pengolahan citra digital adalah keterbatasan resolusi yang menyebabkan detail visual sulit dipertahankan ketika citra diperbesar. Metode konvensional seperti Bilinear Interpolation masih banyak digunakan, namun sering menghasilkan citra buram, kehilangan tekstur halus, serta tidak mampu merekonstruksi struktur visual yang kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas resolusi citra digital dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan deep learning berbasis Low-Light Convolutional Neural Network (LLCNN) yang dibangun di atas arsitektur Deep Neural Network (DNN). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari dataset DIV2K, yang terdiri dari 1000 citra beresolusi tinggi. Citra tersebut diturunkan menjadi resolusi rendah menggunakan faktor downsampling ×2, ×3, dan ×4 untuk membentuk pasangan data Low Resolution–High Resolution (LR–HR) sebagai data pelatihan dan pengujian. LLCNN dirancang untuk mengekstraksi fitur-fitur penting seperti tepi, tekstur, dan pola lokal melalui beberapa lapisan konvolusi, kemudian melakukan pemetaan non-linear guna merekonstruksi citra resolusi tinggi secara lebih presisi. Evaluasi performa model dilakukan secara kuantitatif menggunakan metrik Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa metode yang diusulkan mampu meningkatkan kualitas citra dibandingkan metode bilinear. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa pendekatan berbasis deep learning efektif dalam meningkatkan ketajaman dan kesesuaian struktur citra digital.
Kata kunci: deep neural network; low-light convolutional neural network; machine learning; resolusi citra
Abstract:Abstract: Obesity is an escalating global health concern, with unhealthy lifestyle patterns contributing significantly to its development. This study aims to evaluate and compare three clustering techniques for categorizing…
ing lifestyle patterns and obesity-related factors: K-Means, Agglomerative Clustering, and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). The data used in this study is sourced from the Food Nutrition dataset, which includes variables such as dietary habits, physical activity, and socio-economic status. The three clustering methods were assessed using evaluation metrics such as Silhouette Score, Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI), and Calinski-Harabasz Index (CHI). The findings revealed that K-Means exhibited the best performance in terms of cluster separation with a Silhouette Score of 0.5559, while GMM showed better flexibility in handling more complex data. Although Agglomerative Clustering produced acceptable results, it had a higher overlap between clusters compared to the other methods. This study offers valuable insights into selecting the most appropriate clustering technique based on the data characteristics.
Keywords: agglomerative; clustering; GMM; k-means; lifestyle patterns; obesity
Abstrak: Obesitas menjadi masalah kesehatan yang semakin meningkat di seluruh dunia, dengan pola hidup yang tidak sehat berperan besar dalam perkembangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan tiga metode clustering dalam mengelompokkan pola gaya hidup dan faktor yang memengaruhi obesitas, yaitu K-Means, Agglomerative Clustering, dan Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Data yang digunakan diperoleh dari dataset Food Nutrition yang mencakup informasi terkait pola makan, aktivitas fisik, serta faktor sosial-ekonomi. Ketiga metode tersebut diuji dengan menggunakan beberapa metrik evaluasi, seperti Silhouette Score, Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI), dan Calinski-Harabasz Index (CHI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa K-Means memiliki kinerja terbaik dalam hal pemisahan klaster, dengan nilai Silhouette Score sebesar 0.5559, sementara GMM lebih fleksibel dalam menangani data yang lebih kompleks. Meskipun Agglomerative Clustering memberikan hasil yang dapat diterima, tumpang tindih antar klaster lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kedua metode lainnya. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai pemilihan metode clustering yang tepat berdasarkan karakteristik data yang digunakan.
Kata kunci: agglomerative; clustering; GMM; k-means; obesitas; pola gaya hidup
Abstract:Abstract: Digital banking has brought various innovations in financial services, one of which is Blu Deposito by BCA Digital. However, the adoption rate of digital deposit services is still relatively low compared to digital…
ital payment services. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence customers' intentions and actual behavior in using Blu Deposito with reference to the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This study aims to analyze the factors that influence customers' intentions and actual behavior in adopting Blu Deposito using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework. Data was collected through a Google Form questionnaire from 54 customers at one BCA branch and analyzed using SPSS through validity and reliability tests, descriptive analysis, and multiple regression. The results show that Behavioral Intention (BI)is significantly influenced by Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), and Attitude Toward Using (ATU), with PEOU as the most dominant factor. In addition, BI has a significant effect on Actual System Use (AU), which confirms the relevance of applying the TAM model in the context of digital deposit products. These findings indicate that ease of use plays a greater role than financial benefits in encouraging users to adopt Blu Deposits. This study contributes to the understanding of digital deposit adoption and provides managerial insights to improve the usability and user engagement of digital banking services.
Keywords: actual system use; attitude toward using; behavioral intention; perceived ease of use; perceived usefulness; technology acceptance model
Abstrak: Perbankan digital telah menghadirkan berbagai inovasi dalam layanan keuangan, salah satunya Blu Deposito oleh BCA Digital. Meskipun demikian, tingkat adopsi terhadap layanan deposito digital masih relatif rendah dibandingkan dengan layanan pembayaran digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi niat serta perilaku aktual nasabah dalam menggunakan Blu Deposito dengan mengacu pada kerangka Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi niat dan perilaku aktual nasabah dalam mengadopsi Blu Deposito dengan menggunakan kerangka Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner Google Form dari 54 nasabah di satu cabang BCA dan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS melalui uji validitas, reliabilitas, analisis deskriptif, dan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Behavioral Intention (BI) dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), dan Attitude Toward Using (ATU), dengan PEOU sebagai faktor paling dominan. Selain itu, BI berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Actual System Use (AU), yang menegaskan relevansi penerapan model TAM pada konteks produk deposito digital. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kemudahan penggunaan memiliki peran lebih besar dibandingkan manfaat finansial dalam mendorong pengguna untuk mengadopsi Blu Deposito. Penelitian ini berkontribusi terhadap pemahaman adopsi deposito digital serta memberikan wawasan manajerial untuk meningkatkan kegunaan dan keterlibatan pengguna pada layanan perbankan digital.
Kata kunci: actual system use; attitude toward using; behavioral intention; perceived ease of use; perceived usefulness; technology acceptance model
Abstract:Abstract: Bakery MSMEs in Kisaran City play a significant role in the local economy, but their distribution data is still managed manually, making it difficult to access and analyze. This study aims to develop a WebGIS-based…
ased Geographic Information System to map and manage bakery MSME data digitally and in an integrated manner. The research methods include field surveys, spatial and non-spatial data collection, system design using UML, development with Leaflet.js and MySQL, and testing using the blackbox method. The results show that the resulting system is capable of displaying interactive maps with location details, business information, and an easy-to-use search feature. This system makes it easier for the government, business actors, and the public to access MSME information and supports data-based economic development planning. With the output in the form of publications in accredited journals, this research is expected to be an effective solution for MSME data management in other regions.
Keyword: bakery; mapping; MSME; WebGIS
Abstrak: UMKM toko roti di Kota Kisaran memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian lokal, namun data persebarannya masih dikelola secara manual sehingga sulit diakses dan dianalisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan Sistem Informasi Geografis berbasis WebGIS untuk memetakan dan mengelola data UMKM toko roti secara digital dan terintegrasi. Metode penelitian meliputi survei lapangan, pengumpulan data spasial dan non-spasial, perancangan sistem menggunakan UML, pengembangan dengan Leaflet.js dan MySQL, serta pengujian menggunakan metode blackbox. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sistem yang dihasilkan mampu menampilkan peta interaktif dengan detail lokasi, informasi usaha, dan fitur pencarian yang mudah digunakan. Sistem ini mempermudah pemerintah, pelaku usaha, dan masyarakat dalam mengakses informasi UMKM, serta mendukung perencanaan pembangunan ekonomi berbasis data. Dengan luaran berupa publikasi pada jurnal terakreditasi, penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi solusi efektif untuk pengelolaan data UMKM di daerah lain.
Kata kunci; pemetaan; toko roti; UMKM; WebGIS
Abstract:Abstract: The Academic Information System (SIAKAD) plays an important role in supporting the management of academic administration in higher education institutions, particularly for students. ABC University has implemented…
ed SIAKAD since 2018 to facilitate administrative ativities in line with its motto of a high technology campus. This study aims to measure the sucess of SIAKAD usage from the aspects of acceptance, satisfaction, suitability, and perceived benefits. The integration of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), DeLone & McLean, and Task Technology Fit (TTF) models was carried out to obain a more comprehensive overview in assessing the success of SIAKAD. UTAUT explains the factors influencing the intention to use, DeLone & McLean emphasizes the relationship between system quality and both user satisfaction and net benefits, while TTF evaluates the fit between technology and user tasks. By combining these three models, the study addresses the limitations of each model and produces a more holistic approach in measuring acceptance, success, and the appropriateness of system use. The testing was conducted using SPSS and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis through AMOS.
Keywords: siakad; utaut; delone&mclean; penerimaan teknologi; sem
Abstract:Abstract: On-time graduation is an important indicator in measuring the success of higher education and reflects the effectiveness of the academic process in higher education. Royal University, especially the Information…
Systems Study Program, still faces challenges in increasing the percentage of students who graduate on time. This study aims to identify factors that influence students' on-time graduation and build a prediction model using the multiple linear regression method. This method was chosen because it is able to analyze the simultaneous influence of several independent numeric variables on one dependent variable, making it suitable for studying the complex relationship between factors that influence student graduation. The independent variables analyzed in this study include GPA, parental income, and student part-time jobs with student graduation as the dependent variable. The results showed that parental income and part-time jobs had a significant positive effect on on-time graduation, while GPA had a negative effect. The model built had an R² value of 0.6153 and a standard error of 4.0653, indicating that the model was quite strong and accurate. These findings recommend Universitas Royal to strengthen the academic monitoring system and support working students, as well as design policies based on students' socio-economic conditions to increase the on-time graduation rate.
Keywords: multiple linear regression; on-time graduation; students.
Abstrak: Kelulusan tepat waktu merupakan indikator penting dalam mengukur keberhasilan pendidikan tinggi serta mencerminkan efektivitas proses akademik di perguruan tinggi. Universitas Royal, khususnya Program Studi Sistem Informasi, masih menghadapi tantangan dalam meningkatkan persentase mahasiswa yang lulus tepat waktu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kelulusan tepat waktu mahasiswa serta membangun model prediksi menggunakan metode regresi linear berganda. Metode ini dipilih karena mampu menganalisis pengaruh simultan beberapa variabel independen numerik terhadap satu variabel dependen, sehingga sesuai untuk mengkaji hubungan kompleks antar faktor yang memengaruhi kelulusan mahasiswa. Variabel independen yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini meliputi IPK, penghasilan orangtua, dan pekerjaan sambilan mahasiswa dengan kelulusan mahasiswa sebagai variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penghasilan orangtua dan pekerjaan sambilan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kelulusan tepat waktu, sedangkan IPK justru memiliki pengaruh negatif. Model yang dibangun memiliki nilai R² sebesar 0,6153 dan standar error 4,0653, menandakan model cukup kuat dan akurat. Temuan ini merekomendasikan Universitas Royal untuk memperkuat sistem monitoring akademik dan mendukung mahasiswa yang bekerja, serta merancang kebijakan berbasis kondisi sosial-ekonomi mahasiswa guna meningkatkan angka kelulusan tepat waktu.
Kata kunci: kelulusan tepat waktu; mahasiswa; regresi linear berganda.
Abstract:Abstract: This study aims to develop a Deep Learning-based Traffic Flow Detector to automatically and accurately observe traffic flow. Conventional traffic observation is often conducted manually or via CCTV, but it is prone…
rone to human error and difficult to use for real-time trend analysis. In this study, the YOLOv4 method is used to detect four types of vehicles (cars, motorcycles, buses, trucks). To continuously track vehicle movement and address occlusion issues, the Deep SORT algorithm is implemented. The YOLOv4 model used is a pre-trained model and was tested on seven CCTV video recordings obtained from the official website of the Pekanbaru City Transportation Department. The system was implemented on a limited device, the Nvidia Jetson Nano, as a simulation of direct CCTV integration. Test results showed a highest precision of 98%, but the maximum accuracy achieved was only 26%. This low accuracy is influenced by several factors, including video resolution, detection model quality, and lighting conditions. Nevertheless, the system demonstrates potential to support future traffic management and engineering decisions but still requires further optimization, including improving video resolution and quality, retraining the model with a more representative local dataset, using lighter and more accurate detection models, and optimizing the tracking algorithm.
Keywords: deep learning; deepsort; NVIDIA Jetson NANO; traffic flow; YOLOv4
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan Traffic Flow Detector berbasis Deep Learning untuk mengobservasi arus lalu lintas secara otomatis dan akurat. Observasi lalu lintas konvensional sering dilakukan secara manual atau melalui CCTV, namun rentan terhadap human error dan sulit digunakan untuk menganalisis tren secara real-time. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode YOLOv4 untuk mendeteksi empat jenis kendaraan (mobil, motor, bus, truk). Untuk melacak pergerakan kendaraan secara berkelanjutan dan mengatasi masalah occlusion, digunakan algoritma Deep SORT. Model YOLOv4 yang digunakan merupakan pre-trained model dan diujikan pada tujuh rekaman video CCTV yang diambil dari situs resmi Dinas Perhubungan Kota Pekanbaru. Sistem ini diimplementasikan pada perangkat terbatas Nvidia Jetson Nano sebagai simulasi penerapan langsung pada CCTV. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan presisi tertinggi mencapai 98%, namun akurasi tertingginya hanya sebesar 26%. Rendahnya akurasi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti resolusi video, kualitas model deteksi, serta kondisi pencahayaan. Meski demikian, sistem ini menunjukkan potensi untuk membantu pengambilan keputusan dalam manajemen dan rekayasa lalu lintas di masa depan, namun masih membutuhkan optimasi lebih lanjut, seperti peningkatan kualitas video input, pelatihan ulang model dengan dataset lokal, penggunaan model deteksi yang lebih ringan dan akurat serta pengoptimalan algoritma pelacakan.
Kata kunci: deep learning deepsort; Nvidia Jetson Nano; traffic flow; YOLOv4
Abstract:Abstract: Advancements in digital technology have significantly transformed communication and learning. Traditional learning methods have limitations in providing a fast and interactive learning environment, necessitating…
g accessible technology that enhances student and teacher engagement while ensuring convenience. WhatsApp has emerged as a widely used solution due to its accessibility, privacy features, and cross-platform compatibility, offering users a sense of convenience. This study examines the role of Perceived Convenience in the acceptance and use of WhatsApp in secondary education in Medan City using the UTAUT2 Model. A survey was conducted with 439 respondents from 8 secondary schools in Medan and analyzed using SEM-PLS with SmartPLS-4. The results indicate that social influence, hedonic motivation, habit, and perceived convenience positively impact the intention to use WhatsApp. Additionally, facilitating conditions, perceived convenience, and intention to use significantly influence actual usage behavior. However, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and price value do not affect either intention or behavior in using WhatsApp. Moderating variables such as age, gender, and experience partially moderate the relationships between independent factors and WhatsApp usage intention and behavior. This study contributes by incorporating Perceived Convenience into the UTAUT2 Model and affirming its role in educational technology adoption.
Keywords: perceived convenience; secondary education; UTAUT2; whatsapp
Abstrak: Kemajuan teknologi digital telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam komunikasi dan pembelajaran. Metode pembelajaran tradisional memiliki keterbatasan dalam menyediakan lingkungan belajar yang cepat dan interaktif, sehingga diperlukan teknologi yang mudah diakses, meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dan guru, serta nyaman digunakan. WhatsApp menjadi salah satu solusi dan banyak digunakan karena mudah diakses, privasi yang ditawarkan, serta kompatibilitas lintas platform sehingga memberikan kenyamanan yang dapat dirasakan pengguna ketika menggunakannya. Oleh karena itu, Penelitian ini menguji peran Persepsi Kenyamanan terhadap penerimaan dan penggunaan WhatsApp dalam pendidikan menengah di Kota Medan menggunakan Model UTAUT2. Survei dilakukan pada 439 responden dari 8 sekolah menengah di kota Medan, dan dianalisis dengan SEM-PLS menggunakan SmartPLS-4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa social influence, hedonic motivation, habit, dan perceived convenience berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap behavioral intention. Sementara itu, facilitating conditions, perceived convenience, dan behavioral intention berdampak positif pada use behavior. Namun, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, dan price value tidak berpengaruh terhadap niat maupun perilaku penggunaan WhatsApp. Variabel moderasi usia, jenis kelamin, dan pengalaman memoderasi sebagian hubungan antara faktor bebas terhadap niat dan perilaku penggunaan WhatsApp. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan menambahkan variabel persepsi kenyamanan (perceived convenience) ke dalam Model UTAUT2 dan menegaskan perannya dalam adopsi teknologi pendidikan.
Kata kunci: pendidikan menengah; persepsi kenyamanan; UTAUT2; whatsapp