Abstract:Abstract: The advancement of smart agriculture has become a promising solution to increase food productivity and land use efficiency in urban environments. This research aims to develop an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based…
sed vertical hydroponic farming system integrated with LED grow light technology and catfish aquaponics. The proposed system combines vertical hydroponics and aquaponics to optimize plant growth and water utilization. Internet of Things technology enables real-time environmental monitoring through an Arduino Uno microcontroller integrated with LDR, soil moisture, pH, and NPK sensors. The obtained sensor data is processed using the Mamdani Fuzzy Logic algorithm, which performs fuzzification, rule inference, aggregation, and defuzzification to generate adaptive control decisions for irrigation, nutrient circulation, and LED grow light intensity. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method through prototype development and performance evaluation for 30 days using spinach (Amaranthus spp.) and mustard greens (Brassica juncea) as test plants. Experimental results showed that the developed system successfully maintained stable environmental conditions, with soil moisture ranging between 69–72%, a pH value between 6.4 and 6.6, and optimal nutrient availability. Plant growth increased significantly. The integration of IoT, AI and aquaponics improves cultivation efficiency, enabling environmental control as a smart and sustainable solution for urban agriculture.
Keywords: artificial intelligence; aquaponic; hydroponic; LED grow light; vertical farming
Abstract: Kemajuan pertanian cerdas telah menjadi solusi yang menjanjikan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pangan dan efisiensi penggunaan lahan di lingkungan perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem pertanian hidroponik vertikal berbasis Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) yang terintegrasi dengan teknologi lampu tumbuh LED dan aquaponik ikan lele. Sistem yang diusulkan menggabungkan hidroponik vertikal dan aquaponik untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan tanaman dan pemanfaatan air. Teknologi Internet of Things memungkinkan pemantauan lingkungan secara real-time melalui mikrokontroler arduino uno yang terintegrasi dengan sensor LDR, kelembaban tanah, pH, dan NPK. Data sensor yang diperoleh diproses menggunakan algoritma Logika Fuzzy Mamdani, yang melakukan fuzzifikasi, inferensi aturan, agregasi, dan defuzzifikasi untuk menghasilkan keputusan kontrol adaptif untuk irigasi, sirkulasi nutrisi, dan intensitas lampu tumbuh LED. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Pengembangan (R&D) melalui pengembangan prototipe dan evaluasi kinerja selama 30 hari menggunakan bayam (Amaranthus spp.) dan sawi hijau (Brassica juncea) sebagai tanaman uji. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang dikembangkan berhasil mempertahankan kondisi lingkungan yang stabil, dengan kelembaban tanah berkisar antara 69–72%, nilai pH antara 6,4 dan 6,6, dan ketersediaan nutrisi yang optimal. Pertumbuhan tanaman meningkat secara signifikan. Integrasi IoT, AI dan aquaponik meningkatkan efisiensi budidaya, untuk pengendalian lingkungan sebagai solusi cerdas dan berkelanjutan untuk pertanian perkotaan.
Keywords: aquaponik; kecerdasan buatan; hidroponik; lampu tumbuh LED; pertanian vertikal
Abstract:Abstract: Existing IoT anomaly detection studies have achieved high classification performance, but most focus on accuracy and F1-score without explicitly controlling the false positive rate (FPR). In addition, many approaches…
oaches rely on a single detection perspective, limiting their operational reliability. To address this gap, this study proposes a hybrid anomaly detection framework integrating Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Shannon entropy, and autoencoder reconstruction error. Shannon entropy is incorporated as an additional feature, while LSTM and the autoencoder capture temporal and reconstruction characteristics. The resulting hybrid representation is processed by a constraint-based threshold selection mechanism that enforces FPR . Experiments on the TON-IoT and Edge-IIoTset datasets achieved average F1-scores of 0.9250 and 0.9934, while maintaining average FPR values of 0.0091 and 0.0714, respectively. Analysis of entropy distributions showed consistent differences between normal and anomalous traffic across both datasets, indicating that Shannon entropy provides discriminative information for anomaly detection. These results demonstrate strong detection performance with controlled false alarms, while ablation studies confirm the significant contribution of Shannon entropy to overall model performance.
Keywords: false positive rate; hybrid deep learning; Internet of Things; network anomaly detection; Shannon entropy
Abstrak: Penelitian deteksi anomali Internet of Things (IoT) telah menunjukkan performa klasifikasi yang tinggi, namun sebagian besar masih berfokus pada accuracy dan F1-score tanpa mengendalikan false positive rate (FPR) secara eksplisit. Selain itu, banyak pendekatan hanya memanfaatkan satu perspektif deteksi sehingga reliabilitas operasionalnya masih terbatas. Untuk mengatasi kesenjangan tersebut, penelitian ini mengusulkan kerangka deteksi anomali hybrid yang mengintegrasikan Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Shannon entropy, dan autoencoder reconstruction error. Shannon entropy digunakan sebagai fitur tambahan, sedangkan LSTM dan autoencoder menangkap karakteristik temporal dan deviasi rekonstruksi. Representasi hybrid yang dihasilkan kemudian diproses melalui mekanisme constraint-based threshold selection dengan batas FPR . Hasil pengujian pada dataset TON-IoT dan Edge-IIoTset menghasilkan F1-score rata-rata sebesar 0,9250 dan 0,9934, dengan FPR rata-rata sebesar 0,0091 dan 0,0714. Perbedaan nilai entropy yang konsisten antara trafik normal dan anomali pada kedua dataset menunjukkan bahwa Shannon entropy menyediakan informasi diskriminatif untuk deteksi anomali. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan performa deteksi yang kuat dengan false alarm yang terkendali, sementara studi ablasi mengonfirmasi kontribusi signifikan Shannon entropy terhadap performa model.
Kata kunci: deteksi anomali jaringan; false positive rate; hybrid deep learning; Internet of Things; Shannon entropy
Abstract:Abstract: The rapid growth of e-commerce mobile applications has generated large volumes of user reviews, making manual sentiment analysis increasingly impractical. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of three machine…
achine learning algorithms Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Naive Bayes for automated sentiment classification of Indonesian-language mobile application reviews. A dataset of 3,000 user reviews from the RupaRupa application on the Google Play Store was collected and preprocessed through normalization, tokenization, stopword removal, and stemming. TF-IDF vectorization was applied for feature extraction, while the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) was used to address class imbalance across three sentiment categories: positive, negative, and neutral. The results show that SVM achieved the highest accuracy of 90.02%, while Random Forest obtained the best F1-score of 88.08% when sufficient training data were available. Naive Bayes demonstrated relatively stable performance across varying training data sizes. Furthermore, TF-IDF keyword analysis revealed that negative reviews were primarily associated with delivery issues, technical problems, and pricing concerns. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of machine learning approaches for sentiment classification and provide practical insights for improving mobile application services.
Keywords: sentiment analysis; machine learning; SMOTE; TF-IDF; text classification
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan pesat aplikasi mobile e-commerce telah menghasilkan volume ulasan pengguna yang sangat besar, sehingga analisis sentimen secara manual menjadi semakin tidak praktis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas tiga algoritma machine learning Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, dan Naive Bayes dalam melakukan klasifikasi sentimen otomatis terhadap ulasan aplikasi mobile berbahasa Indonesia. Dataset yang digunakan terdiri dari 3.000 ulasan pengguna aplikasi RupaRupa yang dikumpulkan dari Google Play Store. Data kemudian diproses melalui tahapan preprocessing yang meliputi normalisasi, tokenisasi, penghapusan stopword, dan stemming. Ekstraksi fitur dilakukan menggunakan metode Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), sedangkan ketidakseimbangan kelas ditangani menggunakan Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) pada tiga kategori sentimen, yaitu positif, negatif, dan netral. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SVM mencapai tingkat akurasi tertinggi sebesar 90,02%, sementara Random Forest memperoleh nilai F1-score terbaik sebesar 88,08% ketika tersedia data pelatihan yang memadai. Naive Bayes menunjukkan performa yang relatif stabil pada berbagai ukuran data pelatihan. Selain itu, analisis kata kunci berbasis TF-IDF mengungkapkan bahwa ulasan negatif terutama berkaitan dengan masalah pengiriman, kendala teknis aplikasi, dan isu harga. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan machine learning efektif untuk klasifikasi sentimen serta memberikan wawasan yang bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan kualitas layanan aplikasi mobile.
Kata Kunci: analisis sentimen; pembelajaran mesin; SMOTE; TF-IDF; klasifikasi teks.
Abstract:Abstract: Academic achievement mapping is an important process in higher education to support effective academic monitoring and guidance. In practice, student grouping is often conducted manually by academic staff using…
simple criteria such as Grade Point Average (GPA) thresholds and subjective judgment, without systematic data analysis. This study aims to apply the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm to objectively group students based on their academic achievement levels. The dataset consists of academic records from 179 sixth-semester students of the Computer Science Study Program at Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, where 160 eligible students are processed in the FCM calculation. Three variables are used: cumulative GPA, total completed credits, and the total number of low grades (D/E). The FCM algorithm automatically performs the mapping and groups students into three categories, namely excellent, stable, and at-risk students. Cluster quality is evaluated using the Silhouette Score and Davies–Bouldin Index, showing satisfactory clustering performance. The results indicate that the proposed approach provides a data-driven and objective basis for academic decision support.
Keywords: academic achievement; clustering; fuzzy c-means; student
Abstrak: Pemetaan pencapaian akademik mahasiswa merupakan proses penting dalam pendidikan tinggi untuk mendukung pemantauan dan pembinaan akademik yang tepat sasaran. Dalam praktiknya, pengelompokan mahasiswa masih sering dilakukan secara manual oleh pihak akademik berdasarkan kriteria sederhana, seperti batasan Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK) dan penilaian subjektif, tanpa analisis data yang sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan algoritma Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) untuk mengelompokkan mahasiswa secara objektif berdasarkan tingkat pencapaian akademik. Data penelitian berasal dari 179 mahasiswa semester enam Program Studi Ilmu Komputer Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, dengan 160 mahasiswa memenuhi kriteria dan diproses menggunakan algoritma FCM. Variabel yang digunakan meliputi IPK kumulatif, jumlah SKS yang telah ditempuh, dan total nilai rendah (D/E). Proses pemetaan sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh algoritma FCM dan menghasilkan tiga kategori mahasiswa, yaitu unggul, stabil, dan berisiko. Evaluasi menggunakan Silhouette Score dan Davies–Bouldin Index menunjukkan kualitas pengelompokan yang cukup baik.
Kata kunci: fuzzy c-means; clustering; mahasiswa; pencapaian akademik
Abstract:Abstract: Storage media is an inseparable tool in everyday life. With storage media, users can store important data, both personal and workplace. In addition, in many cases, Indonesian law uses storage media as evidence.…
The Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) regulates how the provision of digital evidence can be strong evidence in court. This study examines the forensics of digital evidence on storage media with four test scenarios. Digital forensic processing uses forensic processes based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) guidelines. This study produces an analysis in which evidence processed with scenarios 1 and 4 is valid digital evidence to be submitted to court, while evidence 2 and 3 is invalid evidence. The results of this digital evidence can be used for investigations under the ITE law.
Keywords: autopssy; digital forensics; storage media; FTK Imager.
Abstrak: Media Penyimpanan merupakan alat yang tak terpisahkan dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan Media Penyimpanan, pengguna dapat menyimpan data penting, baik pribadi maupun tempat kerja. Selain itu, dalam banyak kasus, hukum Indonesia menggunakan Media Penyimpanan sebagai alat bukti. Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) mengatur bagaimana penyediaan alat bukti digital menjadi alat bukti yang kuat di pengadilan. Penelitian ini mengkaji forensik terhadap alat bukti digital pada Media Penyimpanan dengan empat skenario pengujian. Pemrosesan forensik digital menggunakan proses forensik berdasarkan panduan National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Penelitian ini menghasilkan analisis di mana alat bukti yang diproses dengan skenario 1 dan 4 merupakan alat bukti digital yang sah untuk diajukan ke pengadilan, sedangkan alat bukti 2 dan 3 merupakan alat bukti yang tidak sah. Hasil dari barang bukti digital ini, dapat digunakan untuk penyelidikan didalam undang-undang ITE.
Kata kunci: otopsi; forensik digital; media penyimpanan; FTK Imager
Abstract:Abstract: The materials sector is one of the stock markets sectors that attracts investors due to the high level of construction activity in Indonesia, which supports long-term growth. Stock price movements are influenced…
d by various factors, requiring investors to determine the appropriate timing for buying, selling, or holding stocks. Therefore, this study aims to predict stock prices in the materials sector using a combination of CNN–BiLSTM algorithms. The research data were obtained from Yahoo Finance and processed through min–max normalization, data splitting, sliding window, model implementation, and evaluation stages. Testing was conducted on INTP and SMGR stocks with data split scenarios ranging from 60:40 to 90:10. The results show that CNN–BiLSTM performs best with a 90:10 data split, with minimum MSE and MAPE values of 0.000153 and 2.471% for INTP, and 0.000199 and 2.208% for SMGR, respectively. These findings indicate that increasing the proportion of training data improves the model's ability to learn historical patterns and produce more stable predictions.
Keywords: CNN-BILSTM; materials sector; stock
Abstrak: Sektor materials merupakan salah satu sektor saham yang diminati investor karena tingginya aktivitas pembangunan di Indonesia yang mendorong pertumbuhan jangka panjang. Pergerakan harga saham dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor sehingga investor perlu menentukan waktu transaksi yang tepat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan memprediksi harga saham sektor materials menggunakan kombinasi algoritma CNN–BiLSTM. Data penelitian diperoleh dari Yahoo Finance dan diproses melalui tahapan normalisasi min–max, pembagian data, sliding window, implementasi model, serta evaluasi. Pengujian dilakukan pada saham INTP dan SMGR dengan skenario pembagian data 60:40 hingga 90:10. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa CNN–BiLSTM menghasilkan performa terbaik pada pembagian data 90:10, dengan nilai MSE dan MAPE minimum masing-masing sebesar 0.000153 dan 2.471% untuk INTP, serta 0.000199 dan 2.208% untuk SMGR. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan porsi data latih meningkatkan kemampuan model dalam mempelajari pola historis dan menghasilkan prediksi yang lebih stabil.
Kata kunci: CNN-BILSTM; saham; sektor materials
Abstract:Abstract: The policy to increase the Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) in Indonesia often elicits mixed reactions from the public. Some support it because they believe it can strengthen regional fiscal capacity,…
ity, while others reject it because they are concerned that it will increase the economic burden on the community. Understanding public sentiment towards this policy is important for evaluating the effectiveness of the policy and formulating appropriate communication strategies. This study aims to analyze public sentiment towards the PBB-P2 increase policy using data uploaded on Platform X (Twitter). The data were collected through crawling with the keyword “building tax,” then processed through several preprocessing stages before classifying tweets into positive and negative sentiments. Two models were used: Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM). Results show that SVM outperformed BiLSTM, achieving training accuracy of 99.4% and testing accuracy of 85.9%, with accuracy 0.8595, precision 0.8536, recall 0.8595, and F1-score 0.8449. Meanwhile, BiLSTM achieved training accuracy of 86.9% and testing accuracy of 82.9%, with accuracy 0.8294, precision 0.8150, recall 0.8294, and F1-score 0.8080. These findings suggest SVM is more effective in classifying public sentiment and can support better evaluation of regional tax policies.
Keywords: sentiment analysis; PBB-P2; BiLSTM; SVM; X platform
Abstrak: Kebijakan kenaikan tarif Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2) di In-donesia sering memunculkan beragam reaksi dari masyarakat. Sebagian mendukung karena dianggap dapat memperkuat kapasitas fiskal daerah, sementara lainnya menolak karena kha-watir menambah beban ekonomi masyarakat. Pemahaman terhadap sentimen publik atas ke-bijakan tersebut penting untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas kebijakan dan merumuskan strategi komunikasi yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sentimen masyarakat terhadap kebijakan kenaikan PBB-P2 menggunakan data unggahan di Platform X (Twitter). Data dik-umpulkan melalui proses crawling dengan kata kunci “pajak bangunan” kemudian diproses melalui beberapa tahap preprocessing sebelum diklasifikasikan menjadi sentimen positif dan negatif. Dua model digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu Support Vector Machine (SVM) dan Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SVM memiliki kinerja lebih baik dibandingkan BiLSTM, dengan akurasi pelatihan 99,4% dan akurasi pengujian 85,9%. Nilai akurasi 0,8595, precision 0,8536, recall 0,8595, dan F1-score 0,8449. Sementara itu, BiLSTM memperoleh akurasi pelatihan 86,9% dan akurasi pengujian 82,9%, dengan akurasi 0,8294, precision 0,8150; recall 0,8294; dan F1-score 0,8080. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa SVM lebih efektif dalam mengklasifikasikan sentimen publik serta dapat mendukung evaluasi kebijakan pajak daerah dengan lebih baik.
Kata kunci: analisis sentimen; PBB-P2; BiLSTM; SVM; platform X
Abstract:Abstract: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide, making early detection crucial to prevent complications. This study aims to compare the performance of the Decision Tree and Random…
ndom Forest algorithms in classifying asthma based on clinical symptom data. The data were processed through feature selection and model training stages, then evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.The experimental analysis revealed that the Random Forest algorithm surpassed the Decision Tree in all metrics, achieving 95.19% accuracy, 90.43% precision, 95.00% recall, and 93.00% F1-score. In contrast, the Decision Tree obtained 89.14% accuracy, 90.60% precision, 88.70% recall, and 89.70% F1-score. These results suggest that Random Forest is more robust and dependable, especially in managing complex and imbalanced medical datasets.
Keywords: asthma detection; decision tree; random forest; machine learning.
Abstrak: Asma merupakan penyakit pernapasan kronis yang memengaruhi jutaan orang di seluruh dunia sehingga deteksi dini sangat penting untuk mencegah komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kinerja algoritma Decision Tree dan Random Forest dalam mengklasifikasikan asma berdasarkan data gejala klinis. Data diproses melalui tahapan seleksi fitur dan pelatihan model, kemudian dievaluasi menggunakan akurasi, presisi, recall, dan F1-score. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Random Forest memberikan performa terbaik dengan akurasi 90.43%, presisi 95.00%, recall 95.00%, dan F1-score 93.00%. Sebaliknya, Decision Tree memperoleh akurasi 89.14%, presisi 90.60%, recall 88.70%, dan F1-score 89.70%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa Random Forest lebih kuat dan dapat diandalkan, terutama dalam mengelola kumpulan data medis yang kompleks dan tidak seimbang.
Kata kunci: deteksi asma; decision tree; random forest; pembelajaran mesin.
Abstract:Abstract: Higher education plays an essential role in improving human resource quality, one of which is through the institution’s ability to monitor and predict student graduation outcomes. This study does not focus on a…
a specific university but utilizes the publicly available Students Performance in Exams dataset from Kaggle, consisting of 1,000 student records containing mathematics, reading, and writing scores, along with demographic attributes such as gender, parental education level, lunch type, and test preparation participation. The data were processed through a feature engineering stage by adding an average score variable as an early indicator of graduation status. A predictive model was developed using the Random Forest Classifier, achieving an accuracy of 94.5%. The final model was integrated into a Streamlit-based web application to provide an accessible tool for academic stakeholders. The results indicate that the proposed model can serve as an effective decision-support tool for early evaluation of students’ likelihood of graduation.
Keywords: prediction; random forest classifier, streamlit, student graduation.
Abstrak: Pendidikan tinggi memegang peran penting dalam peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia, salah satunya melalui kemampuan institusi dalam memantau dan memprediksi tingkat kelulusan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini tidak berfokus pada perguruan tinggi tertentu, melainkan menggunakan dataset publik Students Performance in Exams dari Kaggle yang berisi 1.000 data mahasiswa, terdiri atas nilai matematika, membaca, menulis, serta atribut demografis seperti gender, tingkat pendidikan orang tua, jenis makan siang, dan partisipasi kursus persiapan. Data diolah melalui tahap feature engineering dengan menambahkan variabel average score sebagai indikator awal kelulusan. Model prediksi dibangun menggunakan algoritma Random Forest Classifier, yang menghasilkan tingkat akurasi sebesar 94,5%. Model ini kemudian diimplementasikan ke dalam aplikasi web berbasis Streamlit untuk memberikan layanan prediksi yang mudah diakses oleh pihak akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model mampu digunakan sebagai alat pendukung keputusan untuk melakukan evaluasi dini terhadap potensi kelulusan mahasiswa.
Kata kunci: kelulusan mahasiswa; prediksi; random forest classifier; streamlit.
Abstract:Abstract: The rice plant, Oryza sativa, is a major food source in Indonesia. This plant is processed into rice, a staple food for the Indonesian people. Rice growth is crucial to ensure the rice produced is of good quality.…
ty. One part of the rice plant that is susceptible to disease is the leaves, which can inhibit growth and reduce rice quality. Therefore, early detection and accurate classification of rice diseases are crucial to minimize these negative impacts. This has driven the development of a Deep Learning model capable of high-performance automatic classification. This study aims to create a rice leaf classification model using the CNN algorithm and several transfer learning architectures such as ResNet101, VGG16, and Xception. A dataset of 859 rice leaf images collected from the Kaggle website was then processed using augmentation techniques to a total of 2,439 images, plus 215 smartphone photos for external data validation. Thus, the total dataset increased to 2,656 images, covering four categories: leafblast, brownspot, healthy, and hispa. The model was processed in two stages: on the initial dataset (Non-Augmented Dataset) and the Augmented Dataset. The best experimental results were obtained using the ResNet architecture, with a training accuracy of 96.17% and a validation accuracy of 95.22%. Based on the research results, the rice plant disease classification model using deep learning demonstrated good performance.
Keywords: convolutional neural network; deep learning; fine-tuning; image classification; resnet; rice plant