Abstract:Abstract: This research aims to design and build a blockchain-based food sales logistics system aimed at supporting Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Batam City. The main problems faced by MSMEs in the food…
sales supply chain are lack of transparency, the risk of data falsification, limited tracking of goods, and inefficiencies in the verification and audit process. Blockchain technology was chosen because it has decentralized characteristics, cryptographic security, which is very suitable for creating a secure and transparent logistics system. The system to be developed allows MSME actors, ranging from food producers, suppliers, to end sellers, to record and verify logistics transactions in real-time. The main features of the system include tracking product movements, recording sales transactions, and chatting between users. The system development method used is the Waterfall approach, this system is designed to be lightweight and easy to implement by MSMEs, without the need for complex technological infrastructure. With this system, it is hoped that MSMEs in Batam City can improve distribution efficiency, security of logistics information, and consumer trust in the food products sold. This research is expected to contribute to the digitization of MSME logistics processes and can be a development model for similar sectors in other regions.
Keywords: UMKM; Waterfall; Blockchain; Logistic; Batam City
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun sistem logistik penjualan makanan berbasis blockchain yang ditujukan untuk mendukung Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Batam. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi UMKM dalam rantai pasok penjualan makanan adalah kurangnya transparansi, risiko pemalsuan data, keterbatasan pelacakan barang, serta inefisiensi dalam proses verifikasi dan audit. Teknologi blockchain dipilih karena memiliki karakteristik desentralisasi, keamanan kriptografis, yang sangat sesuai untuk menciptakan sistem logistik yang aman dan transparan. Sistem yang akan dikembangkan memungkinkan pelaku UMKM, mulai dari produsen makanan, suppllier, hingga penjual akhir, untuk mencatat dan memverifikasi transaksi logistik secara real-time. Fitur utama sistem mencakup pelacakan pergerakan produk, pencatatan transaksi penjualan, serta chat antar sesama pengguna. Metode pengembangan system yang digunakan adalah pendekatan Waterfall, Sistem ini dirancang agar ringan dan mudah diimplementasikan oleh UMKM, tanpa memerlukan infrastruktur teknologi yang kompleks. Dengan adanya sistem ini, diharapkan UMKM di Kota Batam dapat meningkatkan efisiensi distribusi, keamanan informasi logistik, dan kepercayaan konsumen terhadap produk makanan yang dijual. Penelitian ini harapannya dapat memberikan kontribusi pada digitalisasi proses logistik UMKM dan dapat menjadi model pengembangan untuk sektor serupa di daerah lainnya.
Kata kunci: UMKM; Waterfall; Blockchain; Logistik; Kota Batam
Abstract:Abstact: This paper explores how capital structure, together with firm size, shapes Return on Assets (ROA) among Indonesian property and real estate issuers, treating sales growth as a moderator, across the 2022-2024 window…
dow on the IDX. A quantitative, secondary-data design was followed, drawing figures from annual financial statements. Purposive sampling narrowed the pool down to 74 firms, yielding 222 firm-year observations for estimation. The Fixed Effect Model (FEM), chosen through the Chow and Hausman diagnostics, was fitted via panel regression, and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) tested whether sales growth altered the strength of the core relationships. Capital structure emerged as a positive, statistically significant driver of ROA, while firm size showed no such link. Sales growth dampened the capital structure-ROA connection but amplified the firm size-ROA connection instead. Collectively, the pattern points to disciplined debt use, productive asset deployment, and steady sales expansion as joint levers of corporate profitability.
Keywords: capital structure; firm size; return on assets; sales growth; profitability.
Abstrak: Kajian ini disusun guna menelaah bagaimana ROA dipengaruhi oleh struktur modal serta ukuran perusahaan, dengan sales growth berperan sebagai variabel moderasi, pada emiten property dan real estate yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia sepanjang periode 2022-2024. Pendekatan kuantitatif diterapkan dengan mengandalkan data sekunder yang bersumber dari laporan keuangan tahunan. Melalui teknik purposive sampling, terjaring 74 perusahaan yang menyumbang 222 observasi untuk dianalisis. Estimasi model ditempuh lewat regresi data panel berbasis Fixed Effect Model (FEM), yang dipilih berdasarkan hasil Uji Chow dan Uji Hausman, sementara oeran moderasi sales growth diuji melalui Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Temuan menunjukkan struktur modal memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ROA, sementara ukuran perusahaan tidak terbukti berpengaruh signifikan. Sales growth justru memperlemah keterkaitan struktur modal dengan ROA, tetapi sebaliknya memperkuat keterkaitan ukuran perusahaan dengan ROA. Dengan demikian, pengelolaan utang secara optimal, pemanfaatan aset secara efektif, dan pertumbuhan penjualan yang berkesinambungan Bersama-sama berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan profitabilitas perusahaan.
Kata kunci: struktur modal; ukuran perusahaan; return on assets; sales growth; profitabilitas.
Abstract:Wordwall is a game-based digital learning medium with the potential to create a more active and engaging learning environment. This study aims to describe the role of Wordwall in fostering an active and engaging science…
and social studies (IPAS) learning environment for third-grade students at MI Tarbiyatul Athfal 1. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. The research participants included the IPAS teacher, third-grade students, and the school principal. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and technique triangulation, and were analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana interactive model, consisting of data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that Wordwall plays a significant role in increasing students' learning participation, creating a more engaging classroom atmosphere, and facilitating students' understanding of IPAS concepts through interactive learning activities. Furthermore, the successful implementation of Wordwall is supported by teachers' pedagogical competence and the availability of learning facilities at the school. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of Wordwall is influenced not only by the characteristics of the learning media itself but also by teachers' instructional strategies, students' active participation, and institutional support in creating an active, engaging, and meaningful learning environment.
Abstract:Abstract: Reality shows the existence of default practices, namely the failure of Umrah travel organizers to fulfill their obligations to the congregation according to the agreed contract. Cases such as the failure of the…
e congregation's departure, fraud and embezzlement of funds by Umrah travel, especially those that have become public spotlight that have harmed tens of thousands of prospective pilgrims materially and immaterially, show the low level of legal certainty regarding the rights of victims. The formulation of the problem of this research is How are the regulations for consumers of Umrah pilgrims in default disputes between Umrah pilgrimage travel organizers (PPIU)? What form is taken for consumers of Umrah pilgrims in default disputes between Umrah pilgrimage travel organizers (PPIU)? In collecting data to be compiled in the research, the author uses a data collection method through library research. In this library study the author obtains the necessary materials by studying books, writings and legal products related to the main problem. Regulations for Umrah pilgrim consumers regarding disputes over breaches of contract with Umrah pilgrimage travel agents (PPIU) should be submitted to the Ministry of Religious Affairs, the institution authorized to supervise, prosecute, and revoke the permits of Umrah pilgrimage travel agencies. Based on Minister of Religious Affairs Regulation Number 8 of 2018 concerning the Organization of Umrah Pilgrimage Travel, specifically Article 41, it is stated that agencies that violate their obligations, such as neglecting pilgrims or failing to depart, may be subject to administrative sanctions in the form of revocation of their operational permits. Forms of legal protection for Umrah pilgrim consumers regarding disputes over breaches of contract with Umrah pilgrim travel agents (PPIU). Preventive legal protection is an effort to prevent violations or losses for prospective pilgrims, while repressive legal protection is a form of response to rights violations and aims to provide compensation or restitution to the injured party. Both play a crucial role in creating a safe and accountable Umrah pilgrimage ecosystem. Unfortunately, in practice, preventive legal protection remains formalistic.
Keywords: Consumers; Pilgrims; Default.
Abstrak: Realitas menunjukkan adanya praktik wanprestasi, yaitu kegagalan penyelenggara travel umroh dalam memenuhi kewajibannya kepada jamaah sesuai kontrak yang telah disepakati. Kasus-kasus seperti kegagalan pemberangkatan jamaah, penipuan dan penggelapan dana oleh travel umroh, khususnya yang menjadi sorotan publik yang merugikan puluhan ribu calon jamaah secara material dan immaterial, menunjukkan rendahnya tingkat kepastian hukum terhadap hak korban. Perumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana pengaturan terhadap konsumen jamaah umrah sengketa wanprestasi travel penyelenggara perjalanan ibadah umroh (PPIU)? Bagaimana bentuk terhadap konsumen jamaah umrah sengketa wanprestasi travel penyelenggara perjalanan ibadah umroh (PPIU)?? Dalam mengumpulkan data-data yang akan disusun dalam penelitian, penulis mempergunakan metode pengumpulan data secara studi kepustakaan atau library resecrh. Dalam studi kepustakaan ini penulis mendapatkan bahan-bahan yang dibutuhkan dengan jalan mempelajari buku-buku, tulisan-tulisan dan produkproduk undang-undang yang ada kaitannya dengan pokok permasalahan. Pengaturan terhadap konsumen jamaah umrah sengketa wanprestasi travel penyelenggara perjalanan ibadah umroh (PPIU) pengaduan kepada Kementerian Agama, sebagai institusi yang memiliki kewenangan untuk mengawasi, menindak, dan mencabut izin biro perjalanan ibadah umrah. Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 8 Tahun 2018 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perjalanan Ibadah Umrah, khususnya Pasal 41 disebutkan bahwa biro yang melanggar kewajiban seperti menelantarkan jemaah atau gagal memberangkatkan, dapat dikenai sanksi administratif berupa pencabutan izin operasional. Bentuk terhadap konsumen jamaah umrah sengketa wanprestasi travel penyelenggara perjalanan ibadah umroh (PPIU) Perlindungan hukum preventif merupakan upaya untuk mencegah timbulnya pelanggaran atau kerugian bagi calon jemaah, sedangkan perlindungan hukum represif merupakan bentuk reaksi terhadap terjadinya pelanggaran hak dan bertujuan untuk memberikan ganti rugi atau pemulihan kepada pihak yang dirugikan. Keduanya memiliki peran penting dalam menciptakan ekosistem penyelenggaraan ibadah umrah yang aman dan akuntabel. Sayangnya, dalam praktik perlindungan hukum preventif masih bersifat formalistik.
Kata Kunci: Konsumen; Jamaah; Wanprestasi.
Abstract:Abstract: Used cooking oil, as an organic household waste, can be recycled into valuable products without harming the environment. Rumah Sosial Kutub utilizes collected used cooking oil as raw material for biodiesel production,…
uction, while the proceeds are used to support social, humanitarian, environmental, and health programs. The main challenge is improving the management system for collecting used cooking oil to increase participation and collection volume. To address this issue, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was applied as a multi-criteria decision-making approach. The results showed that the best alternative was implemented in RW 002 with a score of 1, namely conducting a door-to-door collection system every Friday. Using the 5W+1H improvement approach, several recommendations were proposed, including providing pushcart equipment for transportation, creating weekly schedules for PKK Dasawisma cadres, and using RT WhatsApp groups to announce schedule changes during floods so that collection activities can still be conducted within the same week.
Keywords: Used Cooking Oil, TOPSIS, Fishbone Diagram, 5W+1H
Abstrak: Minyak jelantah merupakan limbah rumah tangga organik yang masih dapat diolah menjadi produk bernilai ekonomis tanpa mencemari lingkungan. Salah satu contohnya dilakukan oleh Rumah Sosial Kutub yang memanfaatkan minyak jelantah sebagai bahan baku biodiesel. Hasil pengelolaannya digunakan untuk mendukung program sosial, kemanusiaan, kesehatan, dan lingkungan di wilayah pengumpulan minyak jelantah. Kendala utama yang dihadapi adalah manajemen pengumpulan minyak jelantah agar lebih efektif dan mampu meningkatkan jumlah hasil pengumpulan. Untuk membantu pengambilan keputusan digunakan metode Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), yaitu metode pengambilan keputusan multikriteria dengan memilih alternatif yang paling dekat dengan solusi ideal positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alternatif terbaik berada di wilayah RW 002 dengan nilai 1, yaitu melakukan sistem door to door kepada warga setiap hari Jumat. Usulan perbaikan menggunakan pendekatan 5W+1H meliputi pengadaan alat bantu dorong untuk pengangkutan, penjadwalan kader PKK Dasawisma setiap minggu, serta pemberian informasi melalui grup WhatsApp RT saat terjadi banjir agar pengambilan minyak jelantah dapat dilakukan pada hari lain di minggu yang sama.
Kata kunci: Minyak Jelantah, TOPSIS, fishbone diagram, 5W+1H
Abstract:Abstract: This study asks how transformational leadership shapes member retention in religious organizations, treating disciple making as the pathway that carries much of that influence. The motivation lies in a contradiction…
ction running through the literature: some studies tie transformational leadership to commitment and retention, while others find the effect weak or absent. A cross-sectional survey of 525 members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Eastern Indonesia was used to test the question. Transformational leadership was captured with a 20-item MLQ-informed scale, disciple making with 31 items, and member retention with 13 items, and the data were examined through Pearson correlation, stepwise regression, and structural equation modeling. Every dimension of transformational leadership related positively to retention. Inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation stood out as the strongest predictors in the regression. The structural model traced two routes at once which is a direct effect on retention and an indirect effect running through disciple making that suggesting that transformational leadership keeps members chiefly when it sets calling, integrating, equipping, and involving in motion. The article extends transformational leadership theory into religious settings and points church leaders toward a discipleship-grounded practice rather than one that is merely charismatic or administrative.
Keywords: transformational leadership; member retention; disciple making; religious organizations; structural equation modeling
Abstrak: Studi ini menguji bagaimana kepemimpinan transformasional memengaruhi retensi anggota di organisasi keagamaan, dengan proses pemuridan ditempatkan sebagai jalur mediasi. Persoalannya berangkat dari bukti empiris yang saling bertentangan. Sejumlah penelitian mengaitkan kepemimpinan transformasional dengan komitmen dan retensi, tetapi sebagian lain melaporkan efek yang lemah, bahkan tidak signifikan. Untuk menjawab ketegangan itu, survei potong lintang dilakukan terhadap 525 anggota Gereja Masehi Advent Hari Ketujuh di Indonesia Timur. Kepemimpinan transformasional diukur memakai 20 item yang diadaptasi dari Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, proses pemuridan 31 item, dan retensi anggota 13 item. Data diolah melalui korelasi Pearson, regresi bertahap, dan structural equation modeling. Hasilnya konsisten: keempat dimensi kepemimpinan transformasional berkorelasi positif dengan retensi. Dalam regresi, inspirational motivation dan intellectual stimulation muncul sebagai prediktor terkuat. Model struktural memperlihatkan dua jalur sekaligus yaitu pengaruh langsung kepemimpinan terhadap retensi, dan pengaruh tidak langsung yang mengalir lewat proses pemuridan. Pola ini menyiratkan satu hal pokok: kepemimpinan transformasional menahan anggota untuk tetap tinggal justru ketika ia menggerakkan proses calling, integrating, equipping, dan involving. Artikel ini memperkaya teori kepemimpinan transformasional pada ranah organisasi keagamaan sekaligus menawarkan arahan praktis bagi gereja untuk membangun kepemimpinan yang berpijak pada pemuridan, bukan semata karisma atau kelihaian administratif.
Kata kunci: kepemimpinan transformasional; retensi anggota; proses pemuridan; organisasi keagamaan; structural equation modeling
Abstract:Abstract: The growing awareness of the importance of sustainability has prompted organizations to incorporate environmental elements into management and operational procedures. Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) is one…
ne of the most studied approaches. It is considered to be able to encourage the formation of Employee Green Behavior (EGB) and improve the company's Environmental Performance (EP). The purpose of this study is to analyze and synthesize previous research on green human resource management, green employee behavior, and environmental achievement. This study uses a qualitative literature review method. Data was obtained from 30 journal articles published from 2020–2026. This article consists of 10 articles on Green Human Resource Management, 10 articles on Green Worker Behavior, and 10 articles on Environmental Performance. The selection of articles is based on the relevance of the topic, the year of publication, and the number of citations. Content analysis and theme synthesis are used to find patterns of relationships between variables, research trends, and research gaps that need to be improved. The results of the study show that GHRM plays an important role in creating environmentally friendly worker behavior. Through various practices such as green labor acceptance, green training, and green performance assessments, GHRM plays this role. Through resource use efficiency, waste reduction, and increased environmental awareness, EGB has been shown to improve environmental performance. In addition, it was found that the research conducted was still mainly on the manufacturing and hospitality industries, while the amount of research conducted in the field of education and developing countries was very limited. According to this study, GHRM, EGB, and EP are important components in supporting the sustainable strengthening of organizational environmental performance.
Keywords: Green Human Resource Management; Employee Green Behavior; Environmental Performance; Sustainability; Literature Review.
Abstrak: Bertambahnya kesadaran akan pentingnya keberlanjutan telah mendorong organisasi untuk memasukkan elemen lingkungan ke dalam prosedur manajemen dan operasional. Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) adalah salah satu pendekatan yang banyak dipelajari. Dianggap dapat mendorong pembentukan Employee Green Behavior (EGB) dan peningkatan Environmental Performance (EP) perusahaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mensintesis penelitian sebelumnya tentang manajemen sumber daya manusia hijau, perilaku karyawan hijau, dan prestasi lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode review literatur kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari 30 artikel jurnal yang dipublikasikan dari tahun 2020–2026. Artikel ini terdiri dari 10 artikel Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Hijau, 10 artikel Perilaku Pekerja Hijau, dan 10 artikel Kinerja Lingkungan. Pemilihan artikel didasarkan pada relevansi topik, tahun publikasi, dan jumlah sitasi. Analisis isi dan sintesis tema digunakan untuk menemukan pola hubungan antarvariabel, tren penelitian, dan kesenjangan penelitian yang perlu diperbaiki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa GHRM memainkan peran penting dalam menciptakan perilaku pekerja yang ramah lingkungan. Melalui berbagai praktik seperti penerimaan tenaga kerja hijau, pelatihan hijau, dan penilaian kinerja hijau, GHRM memainkan peran ini. Melalui efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya, pengurangan limbah, dan peningkatan kesadaran lingkungan, EGB telah terbukti meningkatkan kinerja lingkungan. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa penelitian yang dilakukan masih terutama pada industri manufaktur dan perhotelan, sementara jumlah penelitian yang dilakukan pada bidang pendidikan dan negara berkembang sangat terbatas. Menurut penelitian ini, GHRM, EGB, dan EP merupakan komponen penting dalam mendukung penguatan kinerja lingkungan organisasi secara berkelanjutan..
Kata Kunci: Green Human Resource Management; Employee Green Behavior; Environmental Performance; Sustainability; Literature Review.
Abstract:Abstract: The increase in household and culinary business activities has led to a rise in used cooking oil waste, which has the potential to pollute the environment if disposed of improperly. In Wonogiri 2 Village, Kelapa…
a Tujuh Subdistrict, South Kotabumi District, North Lampung Regency, used cooking oil waste is still not optimally managed, and most of it is directly discharged into drainage systems or the soil. This Student Creativity Program (PKM) aims to educate and empower the community to utilize used cooking oil waste as a raw material for making environmentally friendly candles, while also reducing environmental pollution and creating household-based economic opportunities. The scope of activities includes socialization of the dangers of used cooking oil, training in processing used cooking oil, and hands-on practice in making eco-friendly candles. The method used is a descriptive-participatory approach through field observation, socialization, training, mentoring, and activity evaluation. The results show an increase in community knowledge and awareness regarding the management of used cooking oil waste. The candles produced have a stable flame, do not produce excessive smoke, and are suitable as an alternative to paraffin-based candles. This activity demonstrates that utilizing used cooking oil to produce environmentally friendly candles is a simple, applicable, and sustainable solution to reduce environmental pollution while also having the potential to improve community welfare.
Keywords: Used Cooking Oil, Eco-Friendly Candles, Waste Management, Community Empowerment, PKM
Abstrak: Peningkatan aktivitas rumah tangga dan usaha kuliner menyebabkan bertambahnya limbah minyak jelantah yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan apabila dibuang secara sembarangan. Di Desa Wonogiri 2, Kelurahan Kelapa Tujuh, Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan, Kabupaten Lampung Utara, limbah minyak jelantah masih belum dikelola secara optimal dan sebagian besar langsung dibuang ke saluran air atau tanah. Kegiatan Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa (PKM) ini bertujuan untuk mengedukasi dan memberdayakan masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan limbah minyak jelantah sebagai bahan baku pembuatan lilin ramah lingkungan, sekaligus mengurangi dampak pencemaran lingkungan dan membuka peluang ekonomi berbasis rumah tangga. Ruang lingkup kegiatan meliputi sosialisasi bahaya minyak jelantah, pelatihan pengolahan minyak jelantah, serta praktik langsung pembuatan lilin ramah lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif-partisipatif melalui observasi lapangan, sosialisasi, pelatihan, pendampingan, dan evaluasi kegiatan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan limbah minyak jelantah. Lilin yang dihasilkan memiliki daya nyala yang stabil, tidak menghasilkan asap berlebihan, dan layak digunakan sebagai alternatif lilin berbahan parafin. Kegiatan ini membuktikan bahwa pemanfaatan minyak jelantah menjadi lilin ramah lingkungan merupakan solusi sederhana, aplikatif, dan berkelanjutan dalam mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan serta berpotensi meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Kata Kunci: Minyak Jelantah, Lilin Ramah Lingkungan, Pengelolaan Limbah, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, PKM.
Abstract:Abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of leadership and work environment on employee performance in private companies in Medan City. The background of this research is based on the importance of human resources…
in enhancing company competitiveness, as well as the existing issues related to leadership and work environment conditions that affect employee performance. This research employs a quantitative approach with an associative research design. The population consists of all employees working in private companies in Medan City, with samples selected using a random sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires using a Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software. The results indicate that leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The work environment also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance and shows a more dominant influence compared to leadership. Simultaneously, leadership and work environment significantly affect employee performance. The coefficient of determination shows that both variables explain 45.4% of the variation in employee performance, while the remaining is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. In conclusion, improving employee performance can be achieved through enhancing leadership quality and creating a conducive work environment. This study is expected to provide useful insights for companies in managing human resources more effectively.
Keywords: Leadership, Work Environment, Employee Performance
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada perusahaan swasta di Kota Medan. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada pentingnya peran sumber daya manusia dalam meningkatkan daya saing perusahaan, serta masih ditemukannya permasalahan terkait kepemimpinan dan kondisi lingkungan kerja yang berdampak pada kinerja karyawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian asosiatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan pada perusahaan swasta di Kota Medan, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dengan skala Likert dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Lingkungan kerja juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, bahkan memiliki pengaruh yang lebih dominan dibandingkan kepemimpinan. Secara simultan, kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Nilai koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel mampu menjelaskan sebesar 45,4% variasi kinerja karyawan, sementara sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar penelitian ini. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan kinerja karyawan dapat dilakukan melalui perbaikan kualitas kepemimpinan serta penciptaan lingkungan kerja yang kondusif. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi perusahaan dalam mengelola sumber daya manusia secara lebih efektif.
Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan Kerja, Kinerja Karyawan.
Abstract:This study aims to analyze the legal principles underlying investor protection, as well as the forms of preventive and repressive legal protection in investment activities in Indonesia. The research method used is normative…
ive legal research with a descriptive approach, through a literature review of relevant primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results indicate that investor protection is based on the principles of legal certainty, transparency, and equal treatment (non-discrimination), reinforced by the principles of national treatment and most favored nation. These principles play a crucial role in creating a fair, transparent, and legally certain investment climate. Furthermore, preventive legal protection is realized through clear regulations, information transparency, disclosure obligations by issuers, and oversight by relevant institutions to prevent violations. Meanwhile, repressive legal protection is provided through law enforcement mechanisms, sanctions, and dispute resolution for violations such as market manipulation and fraud. The conclusion of this study indicates that the combination of preventive and repressive protection forms a complementary system in ensuring investor security and confidence, thereby fostering a stable and sustainable investment climate in Indonesia.