Abstract:Abstract: This research analyzes the income disparity between men and women and identifies key factors determining wages in Indonesia. A quantitative approach is employed, utilizing secondary data from the 2015 wave of the…
he IFLS. Income level is identified as the dependent variable, influenced by job-related aspects—such as employment duration—and individual characteristics, including gender, age, education, marital status, and the number of children.
The test results reveal that gender plays a significant role in determining salary levels, with men earning more than their female counterparts. A positive correlation was observed regarding work time allocation, marital status, and the presence of children, whereas age and years of education played a negative role. It should be noted that while these factors collectively influence wages, the model lacks strong predictive power, as it captures only a small fraction of the underlying dynamics. This indicates that gender-based wage inequality in Indonesia stems from structural factors within the workforce.
Keyword: Gender, Wages, Employment
Abstrak: Riset ini menganalisis perbedaan pendapatan antara pria dan wanita sekaligus mengidentifikasi beberapa faktor kunci yang menentukan upah di Indonesia. Hal ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang menggunakan data sekunder dari gelombang tahun 2015 dari IFLS. Tingkat pendapatan diidentifikasi sebagai variabel terikat yang dipengaruhi oleh aspek-aspek pekerjaan seperti jangka waktu pekerjaan serta karakteristik individu seperti jenis kelamin,usia,pendidikan,status perkawinan dan jumlah anak.
Dari hasil pengujian tersebut kita belajar bahwa memang jenis kelamin memainkan peran penting dalam menentukan jumlah gaji dimana pria lebih dibayar daripada rekan-rekan perempuannya.Ada korelasi positif yang diamati dalam alokasi waktu kerja,status perkawinan dan keberadaan anak-anak berbeda dengan usia dan tahun pendidikan yang memainkan peran negatif.Perlu dicatat bahwa meskipun semua faktor tersebut berdampak secara bersamaan terhadap upah namun model tersebut kurang memiliki kemampuan prediktif karena hanya bisa menangkap sebagian kecil dari dinamika tersebut. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ketidaksetaraan jenis kelamin dalam hal upah di Indonesia ada karena faktor struktural dalam tenaga kerja.
Kata kunci: Gender, Upah, dan Pekerjaan
Abstract:This study was conducted among employees of the Representative Office of the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK RI) in Riau Province with the aim of examining the effect of a Supportive Work Environment on Job…
ob Performance through the mediating role of Innovative Work Behavior. The sampling technique employed in this study was simple random sampling. Based on the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula, a total of 118 respondents were selected as the research sample. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach based on Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results indicate that a Supportive Work Environment has a positive and significant effect on employees’ Job Performance. In addition, a Supportive Work Environment positively and significantly influences employees’ Innovative Work Behavior. Furthermore, Innovative Work Behavior has a positive and significant effect on Job Performance. The mediation analysis reveals that Innovative Work Behavior partially mediates the relationship between a Supportive Work Environment and Job Performance. These findings suggest that improvements in employee performance are influenced not only directly by the presence of a Supportive Work Environment but also indirectly through the enhancement of employees’ Innovative Work Behavior in carrying out their duties and responsibilities.
Abstract:Abstract: Campuses, as places of higher education, play a vital role not only as pioneers in disaster risk mitigation but also as agents of community education. Campuses need to have disaster risk profiles, mitigation action…
tion plans, emergency response coordination systems, and inter-campus networks to support disaster resilience. Given the significant potential for disaster vulnerability in Indonesia, including Bali, campuses are expected to serve as examples of disaster-responsive institutions through the development of Disaster Risk Assessments (KRB).The study results indicate that the Dhyana Pura Campus is at a safe level for tsunami hazards because, according to the Disaster Risk Assessment (KRB) mapping, the campus area falls outside the high, medium, and low levels. However, increasing campus preparedness capacity is crucial for disaster risk reduction, as the impacts not only cause physical losses but also impact non-physical aspects. Community-based disaster risk reduction is a crucial element in disaster risk reduction. The second digitization of the KRB earthquake vulnerability mapping shows that the Dhyana Pura Campus is at a moderate level. Bali's earthquake vulnerability is due to its geographic location at the confluence of active tectonic plates and the presence of active local faults. Research conducted by Dhyana Pura University indicates that the tsunami hazard zone is at a safe level and the earthquake hazard zone is at a moderate level.
Keywords: Spatial Analysis, Disaster, Earthquake, KRB, Mitigation
Abstrak: Kampus merupakan tempat Pendidikan tinggi yang memiliki peran vital, tidak hanya sebagai pelopor mitigasi risiko bencana, tetapi juga sebagai agen edukasi bagi masyarakat. Kampus perlu memiliki profil risiko bencana, perencanaan aksi mitigasi, sistem koordinasi tanggap darurat, dan jejaring antar kampus untuk mendukung ketahanan bencana. Mengingat besarnya potensi kerentanan bencana yang dapat terjadi di Indonesia termasuk wilayah di Bali maka kampus diharapkan mampu menjadi contoh penerapan lembaga yang tanggap terhadap bencana melalui penyusunan Kajian resiko bencana (KRB). Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahawa Kampus Dhyana Pura berada pada level aman bahaya tsunami dikarenakan wilayah kampus sesuai dengan gambar pemetaan Kawasan rawan bencana (KRB) berada di luar level tinggI, sedang dan rendah. Namun peningkatan kapasitas kesiapsiagaan kampus menjadi penting untuk dilakukan sebagai upaya pengurangan risiko bencana karena dampak yang ditimbulkan bukan hanya memberikan kerugian pada aspek fisik, melainkan juga berdampak kepada aspek non-fisik. Pengurangan risiko bencana berbasis komunitas menjadi salah satu elemen yang paling penting dalam mengurangi risiko bencana. Dari hasil digitasi kedua untuk pemetaan kerentanan KRB Gempa Bumi Kampus Dhyana Pura berada pada level sedang. Kerentanan Gempa Bumi di Bali disebabkan karena posisi geografisnya yang berada di zona pertemuan lempeng tektonik aktif dan keberadaan sesar (patahan) lokal aktif. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh Universitas Dhyana Pura Untuk KRB Tsunami berada pada level aman dan KRB Gempa Bumi berada pada level sedang.
Kata kunci: Analisa Spasial, Bencana, Gempa, KRB, Mitigasi
Abstract:Abstract: The massive growth of internet penetration in Indonesia has created competitive competition among internet service providers (ISPs), including Biznet Medan. However, the highly diverse and heterogeneous characteristics…
eristics of customers make one-size-fits-all marketing strategies ineffective and inefficient. Processing large customer data for segmentation is often hampered by the presence of outliers, such as extreme income variations, which can disrupt the clustering accuracy of conventional algorithms. This study aims to optimize the K-Means algorithm in segmenting Biznet Medan's target market to maintain accuracy despite outliers, allowing the company to design more targeted marketing strategies. To overcome K-Means' sensitivity to outliers, this study applies the Robust Scaling technique. This solution uses the Median and Interquartile Range (IQR) values instead of the mean, so that the cluster center points (centroids) remain stable and are not distorted by extreme data values. The research flow includes data collection of prospective Biznet Medan customers, data pre-processing (cleaning and scaling), feature selection (income, distance, and network requirements), and implementation of the K-Means model. Cluster quality evaluation is carried out by comparing the results of using StandardScaler and RobustScaler through the Silhouette Score and Davies Bouldin Index (DBI) metrics. The implementation successfully formed two main segments: Cluster 0 (Enterprise/Premium Customers) with high income characteristics and large bandwidth requirements (>200 Mbps), and Cluster 1 (Casual/Economical Customers) who dominate the market with lower network requirements (<50 Mbps). Optimization with Robust showed significant improvements in the evaluation metrics, where the Silhouette Score increased from 0.3133 to 0.6023, and the DBI value improved from 1.1421 to 0.8007. The implementation of Robust Scaling is effectively able to handle outlier problems in the K-Means algorithm, resulting in a more robust, efficient, and representative cluster structure. These results contribute to the processing of customer data for more objective strategic decision-making in ISP market expansion.
Keywords: k-means; clustering; outlier; robust scaling; customer segmentation.
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan internet di Indonesia yang masif telah menciptakan persaingan kompetitif di antara penyedia jasa internet (ISP), termasuk Biznet Medan. Namun, karakteristik pelanggan yang sangat beragam dan bersifat heterogen membuat strategi pemasaran satu untuk semua (one-size-fits-all) menjadi tidak efektif dan tidak efisien. Data calon pelanggan yang besar sering ditemui data yang hilang, perbedaan nilai data yang ekstrim sehingga pengolahan data calon pelanggan untuk segmentasi sering kali terkendala oleh adanya data pencilan (outlier) yang dapat mengganggu akurasi pengelompokan pada algoritma konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi algoritma K-Means dalam melakukan segmentasi target pasar Biznet Medan agar tetap akurat meskipun terdapat data outlier, sehingga perusahaan dapat merancang strategi pemasaran yang lebih tepat sasaran. Untuk mengatasi sensitivitas K-Means terhadap pencilan, penelitian ini menerapkan teknik Robust Scaling. Solusi ini menggunakan nilai Median dan Interquartile Range (IQR) sebagai pengganti rata-rata, sehingga titik pusat klaster (centroid) tetap stabil dan tidak terdistorsi oleh nilai data yang ekstrem. Alur penelitian meliputi pengumpulan data calon pelanggan Biznet Medan, pra-pemrosesan data (pembersihan dan scaling), pemilihan fitur (penghasilan, jarak, dan kebutuhan jaringan), serta implementasi model K-Means. Evaluasi kualitas klaster dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil penggunaan StandardScaler dan RobustScaler melalui metrik Silhouette Score dan Davies Bouldin Index (DBI). Implementasi berhasil membentuk dua segmen utama: Cluster 0 (Pelanggan Enterprise/Premium) dengan karakteristik penghasilan tinggi dan kebutuhan bandwidth besar (>200 Mbps), serta Cluster 1 (Pelanggan Casual/Hemat) yang mendominasi pasar dengan kebutuhan jaringan lebih rendah (<50 Mbps). Optimasi dengan Robust menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada metrik evaluasi, di mana Silhouette Score meningkat dari 0,3133 menjadi 0,6023, dan nilai DBI membaik dari 1,1421 menjadi 0,8007. Penerapan Robust Scaling secara efektif mampu menangani masalah outlier pada algoritma K-Means, menghasilkan struktur klaster yang lebih kuat, efisien, dan representatif. Hasil ini memberikan kontribusi pada pengolahan data pelanggan untuk pengambilan keputusan strategis yang lebih objektif dalam ekspansi pasar ISP.
Kata kunci: K-Means; klasterisasi; data pencilan; Robust Scaling; Segmentasi Pelanggan.
Abstract:Abstract: This study is based on the importance of understanding precipitation reactions, solubility, and the characteristics of ionic compounds through laboratory experiments. The aim of this research is to synthesize silver…
ilver chloride (AgCl) via a precipitation reaction, observe the physical characteristics of the resulting precipitate, and examine its solubility in water. The method applied was an experimental approach by mixing 0.01 M AgNO? and NaCl solutions, followed by filtration, drying, and weighing to obtain the experimental mass as well as to calculate the theoretical mass and percentage error. The results indicated the formation of a white AgCl precipitate with a mass of 0.26 grams. The precipitate showed a slight purplish discoloration after exposure to light, indicating its photosensitive nature. The solubility test revealed that AgCl is insoluble in water. The percentage error was found to be 27.8%, which may be attributed to incomplete drying, the presence of impurities, and inaccuracies during filtration and weighing processes. Future studies are recommended to ensure complete drying until constant mass is achieved, reduce contamination, and improve precision in each experimental step to obtain more accurate results.
Keywords: Precipitation, Silver Chloride (AgCl), Solubility, Gravimetry, Photosensitive
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya pemahaman konsep reaksi presipitasi, kelarutan, dan karakteristik senyawa ionik melalui kegiatan eksperimen laboratorium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mensintesis senyawa perak klorida (AgCl) melalui reaksi presipitasi, mengkarakterisasi sifat fisik yang terbentuk, serta menganalisis sifat kelarutannya dalam air. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan mencampurkan larutan AgNO? dan NaCl masing-masing 0,01 M, dilanjutkan dengan proses filtrasi, pengeringan, dan penimbangan untuk menentukan massa hasil serta menghitung massa teoritis dan persen kesalahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terbentuknya endapan putih AgCl dengan massa sebesar 0,26 gram yang kemudian mengalami perubahan warna menjadi keunguan akibat pengaruh cahaya (sifat fotosensitif). Uji kelarutan menunjukkan bahwa AgCl tidak larut dalam air. Persen kesalahan yang diperoleh sebesar 27,8% yang disebabkan oleh faktor pengeringan yang belum optimal, adanya pengotor, serta kesalahan dalam proses penyaringan dan penimbangan. Disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk meningkatkan ketelitian dalam proses pengeringan hingga mencapai massa konstan, meminimalkan kontaminasi, serta menggunakan teknik pemurnian yang lebih baik agar diperoleh hasil yang lebih akurat.
Kata kunci: Presipitasi, Perak Klorida (AgCl), Kelarutan, Gravimetri, Fotosensitif
Abstract:Abstract: "The shelf life of a food product is the period during which the product remains safe and maintains its sensory, chemical, physical, and microbiological quality according to expected standards. For semi-moist products…
roducts such as dodol, key facto rs affecting shelf life include moisture content, water activity (aw), pH, the presence of microorganisms (mold/yeast), packaging conditions, and storage temperature. Hedonic testing is a sensory evaluation method conducted to determine the level of consumer preference for a product. Both the flesh and peel of red dragon fruit contain betalain pigments (betacyanins) and phenolic compounds that function as natural antioxidants. Utilizing the peel can reduce agricultural waste while enhancing the nutritional aspects and oxidative stability of the product. Therefore, comparing the extract of red dragon fruit flesh and peel in dodol products is relevant from the perspectives of food technology and sustainability. This assessment covers shape, color, aroma, texture, and taste, evaluated based on a subjective scale. This study aims to analyze the differences in shelf life and acceptability (hedonic test) between dodol using red dragon fruit flesh and peel extracts. The research method employed is a mixed method, combining descriptive qualitative analysis for shelf-life observation and quantitative analysis for the hedonic test with 50 panelists. The results showed that the optimal shelf life of the product is 10-12 days at room temperature. Statistical tests indicated that significant differences were only found in the color variable, while aroma, texture, and taste showed no significant differences between the two types of dodol."
Keywords: dodol; red dragon fruit flesh; red dragon fruit peel; shelf life; hedonic test.
Abstrak: Umur simpan suatu produk pangan adalah periode di mana produk tersebut tetap aman dan mempertahankan mutu sensori, kimiawi, fisik, dan mikrobiologis sesuai standar yang diharapkan. Untuk produk semi-basah seperti dodol, faktor-faktor kunci yang mempengaruhi umur simpan meliputi kadar air, aktivitas air (a_w), pH, keberadaan mikroorganisme (jamur/yeast), kondisi pengemasan, dan suhu penyimpanan. Uji hedonik adalah metode evaluasi sensori yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat kesukaan seseorang terhadap suatu produk. Daging dan kulit buah naga merah mengandung pigmen betalain (betasianin) dan senyawa fenolik yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan alami. Pemanfaatan kulit dapat menurunkan limbah pertanian sekaligus menambah aspek nutrisi dan stabilitas oksidatif produk. Oleh karenanya, membandingkan ekstrak daging dan ekstrak kulit buah naga merah pada produk dodol relevan dari sisi teknologi pangan dan keberlanjutan. Penilaian ini mencakup bentuk, warna, aroma, tekstur dan rasa yang dinilai berdasarkan skala subjektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan umur simpan dan daya terima (uji hedonik) antara dodol yang menggunakan ekstrak daging dan kulit buah naga merah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah mixed method yang menggabungkan analisis kualitatif deskriptif untuk pengamatan umur simpan dan kuantitatif untuk uji hedonik dengan 50 panelis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masa simpan optimal produk adalah 10-12 hari pada suhu ruang. Uji statistik menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan hanya ditemukan pada variabel warna, sementara aroma, tekstur, dan rasa tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara kedua jenis dodol tersebut.
Kata kunci: dodol; daging buah naga; kulit buah naga; umur simpan; uji hedonik
Abstract:The role of female entrepreneurs in the business world is increasingly growing, no longer dominated by men, but also by women who are now actively participating as business owners. The main …
siness owners. The main characteristic of female entrepreneurs is their ability to manage time flexibly, especially for those who are married, allowing them to run a business while taking care of their families. Factors that encourage women to become entrepreneurs include emancipation, higher education, the desire to support family economics, and opportunities for personal development. The presence of female entrepreneurs also contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as poverty eradication (Goal 1), gender equality (Goal 5), decent work and economic growth (Goal 8), and reduced inequalities (Goal 10). Furthermore, with the growing interest in religious tourism, female entrepreneurs play a crucial role in supporting the economic movement in this sector while also contributing to the realization of Asta Cita, the noble ideals of creating shared prosperity. This study aims to explore the role of female entrepreneurs in the religious tourism industry area of Tebuireng, particularly in relation to the SDGs and Asta Cita, and their contribution to more inclusive and sustainable economic and social development. The results of this study show that the contribution of products offered by women entrepreneurs in the religious tourism area is as follows: Cluster 1 contains the same products, accounting for 48% (48 sample data), Cluster 2 contains the same products, accounting for 11% (6 sample data), Cluster 3 contains the same products, accounting for 35% (19 sample data), and Cluster 4 contains the same products, accounting for 6%.
Abstract:Abstract: Cancer is a non-communicable disease characterized by the presence of abnormal tissue that is malignant. The speed of cancer growth cannot be controlled and the cancer can spread to other tissues in the patient's…
's body. There are several types of cancer, one of which is prostate cancer. Prostate cancer usually occurs in parts of the male reproductive system that surrounds the urinary tract and usually occurs in older men, but does not rule out it will occur in younger men. One way to detect prostate cancer is by gene expression using microarray technology. Microarray technology can combine thousands of gene expressions simultaneously in one experiment. However, microarray data has very large dimensions, so a dimension reduction process is needed in microarray data with the aim of eliminating features that are less relevant and to increase the accuracy value in the microarray data classification process later. The dimension reduction process is carried out by selecting features using PCA. After the dimension reduction process is carried out, the next step is to carry out the classification process using RF. In this study, PCA was not able to improve the results of the accuracy of the RF classification as expected because RF without reduction has provided the best accuracy of 95.23%. This is due to the nature of RF, namely the more trees that are built, the higher the resulting accuracy results, while the nature of PCA is to reduce or reduce the number of matrices by reflecting the original data to the new data matrix.
Keyword: Microarray, Reduction, PCA, RF
Abstrak: Kanker merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang ditandai adanya jaringan abnormal bersifat ganas. Kecepatan dari pertumbuhan kanker tidak dapat dikendalikan dan kanker dapat menyebar ke jaringan lain pada tubuh penderita. Ada beberapa jenis penyakit kanker salah satunya yaitu kanker prostat. Kanker prostat biasanya terjadi pada bagian sistem reproduksi pria yang mengelilingi saluran kemih dan biasanya terjadi pada pria lanjut usia, tetapi tidak menutup kemungkinan akan terjadi pada pria yang berusia lebih muda. Adapun salah satu cara mendeteksi kanker prostat dengan ekspresi gen menggunakan teknologi microarray. Teknologi microarray dapat memantau ribuan ekpresi gen secara bersamaan dalam satu percobaan. Namun, pada data microarray memiliki dimensi yang sangat besar sehingga diperlukannya proses reduksi dimensi pada data microarray dengan tujuan untuk menghilangkan fitur yang kurang relevan dan untuk meningkatkan nilai akurasi pada proses klasifikasi data microarray nantinya. Proses reduksi dimensi dilakukan dengan menyeleksi fitur menggunakan PCA. Setelah proses reduksi dimensi telah dilakukan, langkah selanjutnya melakukan proses klasifikasi dengan menggunakan RF. Pada penelitian ini, PCA tidak mampu meningkatkan hasil akurasi dari klasifikasi RF seperti yang diharapkan karena RF tanpa reduksi telah memberikan akurasi terbaik sebesar 95,23%. Hal ini dikarenakan sifat dari RF yaitu semakin banyak pohon (tree) yang dibangun, maka akan semakin tinggi hasil akurasi yang dihasilkan, sedangkan sifat dari PCA yaitu mereduksi atau mengurangi jumlah matriks dengan mencerminkan data asli ke matriks data baru.
Kata kunci: Microarray, Reduksi, PCA, RF
Abstract:Abstract: The development of digital technology has driven the transformation of educational services through the implementation of data-based learning systems and smart devices. One of the emerging approaches is the use…
of the Internet of Things (IoT) in building smart classrooms, which are classrooms capable of integrating physical devices, sensors, and information systems to improve learning efficiency and learning environment management. This study aims to analyze the implementation of IoT in the formation of smart classrooms, covering aspects of system design, device integration, and evaluation of its effectiveness in supporting the teaching and learning process. The research method used is a quantitative and experimental approach, by designing an IoT-based smart classroom prototype that integrates temperature, humidity, light intensity, and presence detection sensors, as well as device control such as lights, air conditioning, and projectors through an automatic system and remote control. Data was collected through device performance measurements, network stability tests, and questionnaires distributed to users (teachers and students) to assess the system's ease of use and usefulness. The results showed that the implementation of IoT in classrooms can improve the efficiency of facility management through device automation, facilitate real-time monitoring of classroom conditions, and provide a more comfortable and responsive learning environment. In addition, the developed system demonstrated stable data communication performance with low latency within acceptable operational limits. These findings indicate that the application of IoT in smart classrooms has the potential to contribute significantly to improving the quality of learning and classroom management, particularly in supporting a technology-based education ecosystem. This study recommends further development in the areas of data security, device interoperability, and integration with Learning Management Systems (LMS) to strengthen the sustainable implementation of smart classrooms.
Keywords: Internet of Things, Smart Classroom, Classroom Automation, Sensors, Technology Based Education.
Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi digital mendorong transformasi layanan pendidikan melalui penerapan sistem pembelajaran berbasis data dan perangkat cerdas. Salah satu pendekatan yang berkembang adalah pemanfaatan Internet of Things (IoT) dalam membangun smart classroom, yaitu ruang kelas yang mampu mengintegrasikan perangkat fisik, sensor, serta sistem informasi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pembelajaran dan pengelolaan lingkungan belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi IoT dalam pembentukan smart classroom, mencakup aspek desain sistem, integrasi perangkat, serta evaluasi efektivitasnya dalam mendukung proses belajar mengajar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dan eksperimental, dengan merancang prototipe smart classroom berbasis IoT yang mengintegrasikan sensor suhu, kelembapan, intensitas cahaya, deteksi kehadiran, serta pengendalian perangkat seperti lampu, pendingin ruangan, dan proyektor melalui sistem otomatis maupun kendali jarak jauh. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran kinerja perangkat, uji stabilitas jaringan, serta penyebaran kuesioner kepada pengguna (guru dan siswa) untuk menilai tingkat kemudahan penggunaan dan kebermanfaatan sistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi IoT pada ruang kelas mampu meningkatkan efisiensi pengelolaan fasilitas melalui otomasi perangkat, mempermudah monitoring kondisi kelas secara real-time, serta memberikan dukungan lingkungan belajar yang lebih nyaman dan responsif. Selain itu, sistem yang dikembangkan menunjukkan performa komunikasi data yang stabil dengan tingkat keterlambatan (latency) yang rendah dalam batas operasional yang dapat diterima. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa penerapan IoT dalam smart classroom berpotensi memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran dan manajemen kelas, khususnya dalam mendukung ekosistem pendidikan berbasis teknologi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengembangan lanjutan pada aspek keamanan data, interoperabilitas perangkat, serta integrasi dengan Learning Management System (LMS) untuk memperkuat implementasi smart classroom secara berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: Internet Of Things, Smart Classroom, Otomasi Ruang Kelas, Sensor, Pendidikan Berbasis Teknologi.
Abstract:Abstract: The increasing use of conventional plastic packaging in the food industry has led to serious environmental problems due to its low biodegradability. This condition encourages the development of alternative packaging…
aging materials that are environmentally friendly, renewable, and safe for food contact. One potential natural material is potato starch (Solanum tuberosum), which is abundantly available and has suitable physicochemical properties for edible film production. This study aims to systematically review the potential of potato starch as a raw material for environmentally friendly edible films used in food packaging. The research employed a literature review method by analyzing relevant national and international scientific publications, statistical reports, and previous studies related to potato starch characteristics, edible film production, and their applications. The results indicate that potato starch, with a starch content ranging from 15–28%, contains amylose and amylopectin that support the formation of stable film matrices. The presence of resistant starch type 2 contributes to improved film homogeneity and mechanical stability. The edible film production process is relatively simple, involving starch extraction, gelatinization, plasticizer addition, and drying. Potato starch–based edible films show strong potential for use as biodegradable food packaging, such as dry food wrappers and protective coatings for fresh products.
Keywords: potato starch, edible film, biodegradable packaging, food packaging, sustainable materials
Â
Abstrak: Penggunaan plastik konvensional dalam industri pangan telah menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan yang semakin serius akibat sifatnya yang sulit terurai secara alami. Kondisi ini mendorong perlunya pengembangan bahan kemasan alternatif yang ramah lingkungan, dapat diperbarui, dan aman untuk kontak langsung dengan pangan. Salah satu bahan alami yang berpotensi adalah pati kentang (Solanum tuberosum), yang tersedia melimpah dan memiliki karakteristik fisikokimia yang mendukung pembentukan edible film. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara sistematis potensi pati kentang sebagai bahan dasar edible film ramah lingkungan untuk kemasan pangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur dengan menganalisis berbagai publikasi ilmiah nasional dan internasional, laporan statistik, serta hasil penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pati kentang memiliki kandungan pati sebesar 15–28% dengan komposisi amilosa dan amilopektin yang mendukung pembentukan matriks film yang stabil. Keberadaan pati resisten tipe 2 berkontribusi terhadap homogenitas dan kestabilan struktur film. Proses pembuatan edible film berbasis pati kentang tergolong sederhana, meliputi ekstraksi pati, gelatinisasi, penambahan plasticizer, dan pengeringan. Edible film berbasis pati kentang berpotensi diaplikasikan sebagai kemasan pangan biodegradable, seperti pembungkus makanan kering dan pelapis produk segar.
Kata kunci: pati kentang, edible film, kemasan biodegradable, kemasan pangan, bahan berkelanjutan