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Showing 192 articles found for "Scale"

Penerapan Teknik SEO Untuk Peningkatan Potensi Pemasaran Peralatan Pemadam Kebakaran

Woen, Angela, Sylvia, Chatrine, Halim, Fandi
Abstract: Abstract: Sinar Jaya store is a store that sells fire extinguishers in Medan city. In majority, this store still serves transactions by accepting customer to the store directly. Since the COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for… so long, this store has begun to explore technology by utilizing Instagram as social media and having a website which can be accessed via www.sinarjayamedan.com as a medium to introduce the store, market the products digitally and increase business legitimacy. However, existing web pages must be optimized further to improve the ability of Toko Sinar Jaya in response to marketing needs. The measurement results using 2 (two) Search Engine Optimization (SEO) measurement websites show an average score of 61,5 out of a scale of 100. Thus, this community service activity is aimed at increasing this SEO score. SEO activities are carried out by using the on-page SEO method on existing web pages and continued with Content Management training for off-page SEO implementation. On-page SEO is carried out with activities including the installation of the Yoast SEO plugin, keyword research, visibility and permalink settings, Google Search Console, Google Analytics, sitemap generator and schema markup. The SEO score then increased significantly from 61,5 to 74,5.             Keywords: inbound marketing; micro, small and medium enterprise; search engine optimization (SEO)     Abstrak: Toko Sinar Jaya merupakan toko yang menjual alat-alat pemadam kebakaran di kota Medan. Secara mayoritas, toko ini masih melayani transaksi langsung dengan menerima kedatangan pelanggan ke toko. Sejak pandemi COVID-19 yang berlangsung telah begitu lama, toko ini mulai mengeksplorasi teknologi dengan memanfaatkan media sosial Instagram dan memiliki website yang bisa diakses lewat www.sinarjayamedan.com sebagai media untuk memperkenalkan toko, memasarkan produk secara digital dan meningkatkan legitimasi bisnis. Namun demikian, laman web yang ada harus dioptimalkan lagi untuk lebih meningkatkan kemampuan Toko Sinar Jaya dalam menjawab kebutuhan pemasaran. Hasil pengukuran menggunakan 2 (dua) website pengukuran Search Engine Optimization (SEO) masih menunjukkan rata-rata skor 61,5 dari skala 100. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini ditujukan untuk meningkatkan skor SEO ini. Kegiatan SEO dilakukan secara on-page terhadap laman web dan dilanjutkan dengan pelatihan Content Management untuk implementasi SEO secara off-page. SEO on-page dilakukan dengan kegiatan meliputi Instalasi plugin Yoast SEO, keyword research, visibility and permalink setting, Google Search Console, Google Analytics, sitemap generator dan schema markup. Skor SEO kemudian meningkat dengan cukup signifikan dari angka 61,5 menjadi 74,5.   Kata kunci: inbound marketing; search engine optimization (SEO); usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM)

Perbaikan Proses Produksi dan Peningkatan Pemasaran pada UKM Putri Timus Di Karanganyar

Giyanti, Ida, Suparti, Erni, Sunardi, Sunardi, Sugiarti, Sugiarti
Abstract: Abstract: Timus is one of the famous traditional foods in the Central Java region. Putri Timus is one of the Small Medium Enterprise (SME) in Karanganyar district producing purple Timus. Timus from Putri Timus have one special… pecial feature, in which in the inside of the Timus contains Bligo (Benincasa hispida) fruit with various benefits. Although Putri Timus has product differentiation, product by Putri Timus is not well known to the public. The production process was carried out on a home scale and has not fully implemented production standards based on the criteria for Good Food Manufacturing Practices for Home Industry (CPPB-IRTP). This community service program aims to help Putri Timus to implement hygiene requirements in food production based on CPPB-IRTP criteria and increase its marketing capacity. The method used to solve the problems were training of Good Food Manufacturing Practice, improvement of production place, facilitation of production cloths and promotional media. The results obtained after community service activities related to the production aspect were increasing knowledge regarding good food production process and improvement of production place. Regarding the marketing aspect, several promotional media have been installed. In addition, there was also an increasing of sales and profit.          Keywords: traditional food; small medium enterprise; production; marketing    Abstrak: Timus adalah salah satu makanan tradisional yang terkenal di Jawa Tengah. Putri Timus adalah salah satu Usaha Kecil Menengah di kabupaten Karanganyar yang memproduksi timus ungu. Produk dari Putri Timus memiliki satu keistimewaan yakni bagian dalam timus berisi buah Bligo (Benincasa hispida) dengan beragam manfaat. Meskipun produk memiliki diferensiasi, timus isi Bligo hasil produksi Putri Timus belum cukup dikenal masyarakat. Proses produksi dilakukan dalam skala rumahan dimana Putri Timus belum sepenuhnya menerapkan standar produksi berdasarkan kriteria Cara Produksi Pangan yang Baik – Industri Rumah Tangga Pangan (CPPB-IRTP). Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan membantu Putri Timus untuk dapat menerapkan syarat higiene dalam produksi pangan berdasarkan kriteria CPPB-IRTP serta meningkatkan kapasitas pemasaran. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan mitra ialah melalui penyuluhan tentang CPPB-IRTP, pembenahan tempat produksi, fasilitasi pakaian produksi dan media promosi. Hasil yang diperoleh setelah kegiatan pengabdian terkait aspek produksi ialah adanya peningkatan pengetahuan karyawan tentang  CPPB-IRTP dan perbaikan tempat produksi yang lebih bersih dan layak. Terkait aspek pemasaran, beberapa media promosi telah dibuat dan dipasang. Selain itu juga terdapat peningkatan jumlah penjualan dan laba dari hasil penjualan timus. Kata kunci: makanan tradisional; produksi; pemasaran; usaha kecil dan menengah.

PELATIHAN DALAM MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN USAHA KECIL DI ERA DIGITAL PADA PELAKU USAHA KECIL DI KENTEN PALEMBANG

Sari, Rafika, Sayadi, Muhamad Hamdan, Hildayanti, Siti Komariah
Abstract: Abstract: The Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs recognizes that Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the economy in ASEAN, contributing to the Gross domestic product of employment and development… nt of the country, must be ready to face the digital era. The challenge of MSMEs in the era of digital economic transformation is the low ability of human resources (HR) to deal with trading methods from conventional ways of doing business to online businesses. Digital transformation, which is getting more and more advanced every day, has many benefits for the development of the business world today. This needs to be addressed with a high sense of optimism and never give up. A business must be able to adjust to technology that continues to grow. Business owners will be required to continue learning and learning. It sounds like it will drain time and energy, but if it succeeds, it will greatly facilitate the running of the business. For this reason, it is necessary to socialize for small businesses about the challenges that must be faced in facing the digital era. can recognize the challenges of small scale digital era businesses to be able to adjust the USA-only, the method used by the method of socialization by providing outreach and training using online media, the results of activities that are small business owners seem enthusiastic in facing the challenges of digitalization era. Keywords: challenge; digital; small business   Abstrak: Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM mengakui Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) jadi tulang punggung perekonomian di ASEAN, berkontribusi pada Gross domestic produk penyerapan tenaga kerja dan pembangunan negara, harus siap menghadapi era digital. Tantangan UMKM dalam era transformasi digital ekonomi adalah rendahnya kemampuan sumber daya manusia (SDM) menghadapi metode perdagangan dari cara berbisnis secara konvensional menjadi online bisnis. transformasi digital yang setiap hari makin maju dan canggih memang memiliki banyak sekali manfaat untuk perkembangan dunia bisnis saat ini. Hal ini perlu disikapi dengan rasa optimis yang tinggi dan pantang menyerah. Sebuah bisnis harus bisa menyesuaikan diri dengan teknologi yang terus berkembang. Pemilik bisnis akan dituntut untuk terus belajar. Memang terdengarnya akan menguras waktu dan tenaga, namun apabila berhasil nantinya akan sangat mempermudah jalannya bisnis untuk itu perlu adanya sosialisasi bagi usaha kecil tentang tantangan yang harus dihadapi dalam menghadapi era digital, tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat  ini adalah agar masyarat pengusaha kecil diwilayah kenten dapat mengenal tantangan usaha kecil diera digital agar mampu menyesuaikan usahanya dengan adanya digitalisasi ,metode yang dipakai metode sosialisasi dengan memberikan sosialisasi dan pelatihan menggunakan media online ,hasil kegiatan yaitu para pemilik usaha kecil terlihat antusias dalam menghadapi tantangan diera digitalisasi. Kata Kunci:digital; tantangan; usaha kecil  

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF B-TREE AND HASH INDEXES FOR POSTGRESQL QUERY OPTIMIZATION

Ramdhani, Angga, Widodo, Suprih
Abstract: Abstract: Query performance is a critical factor in managing large-scale databases. One of the most widely used optimization techniques is indexing. This study aims to analyze the impact of indexing on query performance… in PostgreSQL, compare the effectiveness of B-Tree and Hash indexes, and evaluate their influence on query planner decisions. A quantitative experimental approach was employed using the TPC-H benchmark dataset at scale factors SF0.1, SF1, and SF10. Experiments were conducted using EXPLAIN ANALYZE on exact match, range, and join queries under three conditions: without indexing, with B-Tree indexing, and with Hash indexing. The results demonstrate that indexing significantly improves query performance. For exact match queries on the SF10 dataset, execution time decreased from 93.36 ms without indexing to 0.034 ms using B-Tree and 0.045 ms using Hash indexes. For join queries, execution time was reduced from 857.77 ms to 0.180 ms using B-Tree and 0.079 ms using Hash indexes. B-Tree showed consistent performance across different query types, while Hash achieved the best results for equality-based queries. Furthermore, index usage influenced query planner decisions in selecting more efficient execution strategies. These findings indicate that appropriate index selection can substantially improve data access efficiency in PostgreSQL.        Keywords: b-tree index; hash index; PostgreSQL; query optimization; query planner     Abstrak: Performa query merupakan faktor penting dalam pengelolaan basis data berskala besar. Salah satu teknik optimasi yang umum digunakan adalah indexing. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan indexing terhadap performa query pada PostgreSQL, membandingkan efektivitas B-Tree dan Hash index, serta mengevaluasi pengaruhnya terhadap keputusan query planner. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen kuantitatif dengan dataset benchmark TPC-H pada skala SF0.1, SF1, dan SF10. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan EXPLAIN ANALYZE pada exact match query, range query, dan join query dalam kondisi tanpa index, menggunakan B-Tree index, dan Hash index. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indexing meningkatkan performa query secara signifikan. Pada exact match query dataset SF10, execution time menurun dari 93,36 ms tanpa index menjadi 0,034 ms menggunakan B-Tree dan 0,045 ms menggunakan Hash index. Pada join query, execution time berkurang dari 857,77 ms menjadi 0,180 ms menggunakan B-Tree dan 0,079 ms menggunakan Hash index. B-Tree menunjukkan performa yang konsisten pada berbagai jenis query, sedangkan Hash index memberikan performa terbaik pada query berbasis equality. Selain itu, penggunaan index memengaruhi keputusan query planner dalam memilih strategi eksekusi yang lebih efisien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan metode indexing yang tepat dapat meningkatkan efisiensi akses data pada PostgreSQL   Kata kunci: b-tree index; hash index; optimasi query; PostgreSQL; query planner

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS AND USER EXPERIENCE FOR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE PREDICTION

Tasril, Virdyra, Prayudani, Santi, Prayoga, J., Mayang Sari, Rahayu
Abstract: This study aimed to compare the performance of machine learning algorithms and user experience in predicting students’ academic achievement. The research is motivated by the need for prediction systems that are not only… y highly accurate but also easily interpretable by users. The proposed methodology involved the implementation of two algorithms, namely Decision Tree and Random Forest, using an academic dataset that included grade point average, attendance, and assessment scores. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, while user experience was assessed through the System Usability Scale (SUS) based on a simple user interface. The findings revealed that Random Forest achieved higher predictive accuracy, whereas Decision Tree provided better interpretability and ease of understanding for users. These results indicated a trade-off between model performance and user experience, suggesting that algorithm selection should consider both aspects in order to develop an effective and user-friendly academic prediction system

IMPLEMENTATION OF DESIGN THINKING SIAKAD MOBILE DESIGN WITH ADVANCED SUS ANALYSIS

Elydiya Yahya, Diva, Muqtadir, Asfan, Nurlifa, Alfian
Abstract: Abstract: The development of information technology has begun to enter the world of education, especially universities, one of which is the academic information system because with this system it greatly influences the learning… earning process and also in the delivery of information. A web-based academic information system is very adequate, but there are several obstacles such as in learning that does not require a laptop device, it will be very disruptive if the implementation of attendance and others is done on a mobile phone but with a web view. So this research aims to design a mobile-based UI/UX academic information system application with the hope that it can be an alternative in accessing the use of academic information systems for lecturers and students can also be accessed anytime and anywhere through mobile phones with a comfortable display. This study also tested the UI/UX design prototype to assess its feasibility. This test uses the system usability scale (SUS) method with  a convident interval validation of 95% to determine the lower and upper limits of the SUS value. For the final score of SUS obtained was 78.75, and in the 95% CI test a Lower CI of 66.27 was produced, and for the Upper CI of 91.23 so that it was given a grade of B. It can be concluded that the design developed in this study is worthy of further development. Keywords: academic information systems; design thinking; system usability scale   Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi informasi sudah mulai masuk kedalam dunia pendidikan terutama perguruan tinggi, salah satunya sistem informasi akademik karena dengan adanya sistem ini sangat mempengarusi proses pembelajaran dan juga dalam penyampaian informasi. Sistem informasi akademik berbasis web sudah sangat memadai namun ada beberapa kendala seperti dalam pembelajaran yang tidak memerlukan perangkat laptop akan sangat menganggu jika pelaksanaan absensi dan lainya dilakukan pada ponsel tapi dengan tampilan web. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang UI/UX aplikasi sistem informasi akademik berbasis mobile dengan harapan dapat menjadi alternatif dalam akses penggunaan sistem informasi akademik bagi dosen dan mahasiswa juga dapat diakses kapan saja dan dimana saja melalui ponsel dengan tampilan yang nyaman. Penelitian ini juga melakukan pengujian terhadap prototype desain UI/UX untuk menilai kelayakannya. Pengujian ini menggunaka metode system usability scale (SUS) dengan validasi convident interval 95% untuk mengetahui batas bawah dan batas atas nilai SUS. Untuk nilai akhir SUS yang didapatkan adalah 78,75, dan dalam pengujian CI 95 % dihasilkan CI Lower 66,27, dan untuk CI Upper 91,23 Sehingga mendapat grade B. Dapat disumpulkan bahwa desain yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini layak untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut.   Kata kunci: sistem informasi akademik; desain thinking; system usability scale

E-CRM MYSAFFANA FOR OPTIMIZING CUSTOMER AND TRANSACTION DATA AT SAFFANA BOUTIQUE

Masytha Siagian, Nurul, Dwi Sena, Maulana, Madonna Yuma, Febby
Abstract: Abstract: The development of information technology encourages retail businesses to manage customer and transaction data more effectively. However, many small-scale retailers still rely on manual record-keeping, resulting… g in unintegrated data and limited decision-making support. This study aims to design and implement a web-based Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) system called MySaffana for Saffana Gallery Boutique to optimize customer and transaction data management. The research method includes requirement analysis, system design using UML, implementation using PHP and MySQL, and system testing using black box testing. The results show that the MySaffana system is able to manage customer data, products, transactions, and sales reports in an integrated and efficient manner. System testing indicates that all main features function properly and meet user requirements. Therefore, the developed E-CRM system provides an effective and practical solution for strengthening data-driven decision-making in small-scale retail businesses. Keywords: boutique; customer data management; customer profiling; E-CRM.    Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi informasi mendorong usaha ritel untuk mengelola data pelanggan dan transaksi secara lebih efektif. Namun, banyak usaha ritel skala kecil masih melakukan pencatatan secara manual sehingga data tidak terintegrasi dan kurang optimal dalam mendukung keputusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) berbasis web bernama MySaffana pada Butik Saffana Gallery yang dapat mengoptimalkan pengelolaan data pelanggan dan transaksi. Metode penelitian meliputi analisis kebutuhan, perancangan sistem menggunakan UML, implementasi dengan PHP dan MySQL, serta pengujian menggunakan metode black box testing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem MySaffana mampu mengelola data pelanggan, produk, transaksi, dan laporan penjualan secara terintegrasi dan efisien. Pengujian sistem membuktikan seluruh fitur berjalan sesuai fungsi dan kebutuhan pengguna. Dengan demikian, sistem E-CRM berbasis web ini dapat menjadi solusi yang efektif dalam mendukung pengelolaan data dan pengambilan keputusan berbasis data bagi usaha ritel skala kecil. Kata kunci: butik; E-CRM; profil pelanggan; pengelolaan data pelanggan.

INVENTORY CONTROL OF DISPOSABLE MEDICAL SUPPLIES USING REORDER POINT METHOD

Febrina Aulya Putri, Handayani, Masitah, Sahren, Sahren
Abstract: Abstract: Inventory management of consumable medical devices and drugs plays a crucial role in maintaining the continuity of healthcare operations. However, Jelita Dental Care still faces challenges in recording and controlling… rolling stock due to manual procedures, which can lead to data inaccuracy, procurement delays, and the risk of stockouts. To address these issues, this study aims to develop a web-based Electronic Supply Chain Management (E-SCM) system that integrates stock monitoring and procurement processes. The Reorder Point (ROP) method is applied to determine the optimal reorder point based on average demand, lead time, and safety stock. This system was built using the PHP programming language and MySQL database. The results show that the JelitaMed system is able to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of inventory management, simplify the structured procurement submission process between the admin, owner, and supplier, and support decision-making in maintaining the availability of consumable medical devices and drugs. Thus, the implementation of E-SCM combined with the ROP method is a practical solution to improve inventory control in small-scale health clinics. Keywords: e-scm; inventory; information system; medical supplies; reorder point.   Abstrak: Pengelolaan persediaan alat dan obat medis habis pakai memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga keberlangsungan operasional layanan kesehatan. Namun, Jelita Dental Care masih menghadapi kendala dalam pencatatan dan pengendalian stok akibat prosedur manual, yang dapat menyebabkan ketidaktepatan data, keterlambatan pengadaan, serta risiko kekurangan persediaan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem Electronic Supply Chain Management (E-SCM) berbasis web yang mengintegrasikan pemantauan stok dan proses pengadaan. Metode Reorder Point (ROP) diterapkan untuk menentukan waktu pemesanan ulang yang optimal berdasarkan permintaan rata-rata, lead time, dan safety stock. Sistem ini dibangun menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan database MySQL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem JelitaMed mampu meningkatkan efektivitas dan akurasi pengelolaan persediaan, mempermudah proses pengajuan pengadaan secara terstruktur antara admin, owner, dan supplier, serta mendukung pengambilan keputusan dalam menjaga ketersediaan alat dan obat medis habis pakai. Dengan demikian, penerapan E-SCM yang dikombinasikan dengan metode ROP menjadi solusi praktis untuk meningkatkan pengendalian persediaan pada klinik kesehatan skala kecil. Kata kunci: alat medis; e-scm; persediaan; reorder point; sistem informasi

SELENIUM–INDOBERT PIPELINE FOR PSEUDO-LABELING SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN YOUTUBE COMMENTS

Nugraha Tambunan, Fazli, Satria Tambunan , Heru, Pardede , Doughlas
Abstract: YouTube has become a major platform for public discourse in Indonesia, yet large-scale sentiment analysis of its comments remains challenging due to dynamic content, informal language, and limited labeled data. This study… y proposes a Selenium–IndoBERT pipeline for sentiment analysis of Indonesian YouTube comments using a pseudo-labeling approach. Data were collected from ten YouTube videos discussing the One Piece flag phenomenon, yielding 10,842 comments after preprocessing. Selenium was employed to extract comments from dynamic pages, while IndoBERT was fine-tuned on a small manually labeled dataset and used to generate pseudo-labels for unlabeled data. Model performance was evaluated using probabilistic metrics, including Coverage, Expected Calibration Error (ECE), and Brier Score. At a confidence threshold of 0.75, 78.5% of comments received pseudo-labels, with an ECE of 0.095 and a Brier Score of 0.174. Manual validation showed substantial agreement with human annotations (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.72). The results indicate that the proposed pipeline enables scalable and reliable sentiment analysis with minimal manual annotation.

OPTIMIZING CYBER ATTACK SIMULATION AS A RESPONSE TO ESCALATING SECURITY THREATS USING A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH

Lubis, Rivaldi, Halim, Apriyanto, Tanjaya, Felix Jansen, Tandri
Abstract: Abstract: The growing intensity of cyber attacks, marked by rapid, large-scale, automated, and adaptive execution, requires analytical methods that represent the diversity of network environments, including variations in… target platforms such as IoT, traditional networks, and hybrid infrastructures. This study compares machine learning models for cyber attack classification under heterogeneous environmental conditions and formulates a conceptual optimization framework based on model performance. Four publicly available benchmark datasets were used, namely UNB CIC IoT 2023, UNB CIC IDS-2018, UNSW-NB15, and a Kaggle cyber security attacks dataset, comprising approximately 40,000 to over 3.6 million records and 25 to 80 features across IoT, conventional, and mixed network environments. Random Forest, XGBoost, Multilayer Perceptron, and Transformer were implemented within a unified pipeline involving preprocessing, feature selection, and Bayesian Optimization-based hyperparameter tuning. All models achieved F1-score and Cohen's Kappa above 96%, with XGBoost performing best (97.80%, 97.26%), followed by Random Forest (97.78%, 96.96%) and Transformer (97.44%, 96.82%), while MLP scored lowest (96.74%, 96.00%), a gap below one percentage point. Confusion matrix analysis revealed persistent misclassification in minority and overlapping attack classes, informing a proposed adaptive cyber attack simulation optimization framework.             Keywords: cyber attacks; optimization; machine learning; environmental variability.     Abstrak: Meningkatnya intensitas serangan siber yang berlangsung cepat, masif, otomatis, dan adaptif menuntut pendekatan analitis yang merepresentasikan keragaman lingkungan jaringan, termasuk perbedaan karakteristik platform sasaran seperti Internet of Things (IoT), jaringan konvensional, dan infrastruktur hibrida. Penelitian ini membandingkan model machine learning untuk klasifikasi serangan siber pada kondisi lingkungan heterogen, sekaligus menyusun kerangka optimasi konseptual berdasarkan performa model. Empat dataset benchmark publik digunakan, yaitu UNB CIC IoT 2023, UNB CIC IDS-2018, UNSW-NB15, serta dataset Kaggle cyber security attacks, dengan jumlah data berkisar 40.000 hingga lebih dari 3,6 juta rekaman dan 25 sampai 80 fitur, mewakili lingkungan IoT, konvensional, dan campuran. Random Forest, XGBoost, Multilayer Perceptron, dan Transformer diimplementasikan melalui pipeline terpadu mencakup pra-pemrosesan, seleksi fitur, dan optimasi hyperparameter berbasis Bayesian Optimization. Seluruh model mencapai F1-score dan Cohen's Kappa di atas 96%, dengan XGBoost menunjukkan performa terbaik (97,80%, 97,26%), diikuti Random Forest (97,78%, 96,96%) dan Transformer (97,44%, 96,82%), sementara MLP mencatat skor terendah (96,74%, 96,00%), dengan selisih kurang dari satu poin persentase. Analisis confusion matrix mengungkap misklasifikasi yang konsisten pada kelas minoritas dan serangan dengan karakteristik serupa, yang menjadi dasar kerangka optimasi simulasi serangan siber adaptif yang diusulkan.   Kata kunci: serangan siber; optimasi; machine learning; variabilitas lingkungan