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Showing 241 articles found for "Conditions"

PREDICTING TEA HARVEST PRODUCTION AT BAH BUTONG USING RANDOM FOREST AND HISTORICAL DATA

Prayoga, Hafizd, Ramadhan Nasution, Yusuf
Abstract: Abstract: Accurate forecasts of tea harvest production are important for workforce planning, factory operations, and marketing decisions, yet conventional estimation in plantations often relies on field experience and can… n be biased and less adaptive to changing conditions. This study aims to develop a Random Forest Regression model to predict tea harvest production at the Bah Butong tea plantation using historical operational and climate-related data. The dataset consists of 60 monthly records (2020–2024) with six predictor variables: rainfall (mm), number of rainy days, pest level, weed level, number of harvested trees and land area. Data were split into 80% training (48 samples) and 20% testing (12 samples). Model hyperparameters were optimized using RandomizedSearchCV with RepeatedKFold cross-validation (5 folds, 3 repeats). The tuned model achieved MSE of 668,980,524.45, RMSE of 25,864.66 kg, MAE of 19,838.69 kg, and MAPE of 7.59% on the test set. The results indicate that the model can provide practical production estimates, with errors averaging about 7–8% of the actual production. Feature importance analysis shows that the number of harvested tea bushes and cultivated area contribute most to predictions. Future work should extend the historical period and incorporate time-based features (seasonality/lag) for improved forecasting.             Keywords: hyperparameter tuning; production prediction; random forest; regression; tea harvest   Abstrak: Perkiraan akurat produksi panen teh sangat penting untuk perencanaan tenaga kerja, operasional pabrik, dan keputusan pemasaran, namun estimasi konvensional di perkebunan seringkali bergantung pada pengalaman lapangan dan dapat bias serta kurang adaptif terhadap perubahan kondisi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model Regresi Random Forest untuk memprediksi produksi panen teh di perkebunan teh Bah Butong menggunakan data operasional dan data terkait iklim historis. Dataset terdiri dari 60 catatan bulanan (2020–2024) dengan enam variabel prediktor: curah hujan (mm), jumlah hari hujan, tingkat hama, tingkat gulma, jumlah pokok panen, dan luas lahan. Data dibagi menjadi 80% data pelatihan (48 sampel) dan 20% data pengujian (12 sampel). Parameter model dioptimalkan menggunakan RandomizedSearchCV dengan validasi silang RepeatedKFold (5 lipatan, 3 pengulangan). Model yang telah disempurnakan mencapai MSE sebesar 668.980.524,45, RMSE sebesar 25.864,66 kg, MAE sebesar 19.838,69 kg, dan MAPE sebesar 7,59% pada set data uji. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa model dapat memberikan estimasi produksi yang praktis, dengan kesalahan rata-rata sekitar 7–8% dari produksi aktual. Analisis kepentingan fitur menunjukkan bahwa jumlah semak teh yang dipanen dan luas lahan budidaya paling berkontribusi pada prediksi. Pekerjaan selanjutnya harus memperpanjang periode historis dan menggabungkan fitur berbasis waktu (musiman/lag) untuk peramalan yang lebih baik.   Kata kunci: panen teh; prediksi produksi; random forest; regresi; tuning parameter

OPTIMIZATION OF FAST-MOVING DRUG INVENTORY USING THE WEIGHTED PRODUCT METHOD AT ANNISA DRUGSTORE

Dayanti, Rafika, Mulyani, Neni, Muhazir, Ahmad
Abstract: Abstract: Managing fast-moving drug inventory requires accurate supplier selection to ensure product availability and minimize the risk of overstock and out-of-stock conditions. At Annisa Pharmacy, the supplier selection… process has traditionally relied on experience and subjective judgment, which may lead to less optimal decisions. This study aims to design and implement a Decision Support System (DSS) for selecting fast-moving drug suppliers using the Weighted Product (WP) method. The WP method is applied because it is capable of processing multiple criteria simultaneously through structured weighting, including demand frequency, delivery lead time, remaining shelf life, purchase price, and profit margin. The system is developed as a web-based application using PHP and MySQL. The results show that the implementation of the Weighted Product method successfully produces preference values and accurate supplier rankings, enabling the system to correctly determine the most optimal fast-moving drug supplier based on the defined criteria. Therefore, the developed system can assist the owner of Annisa Pharmacy in making more precise, objective, and structured inventory procurement decisions. Keywords: decision support system; drug inventory; supplier selection; weighted product.   Abstrak: Pengelolaan stok obat fast moving di Toko Obat Annisa memerlukan ketepatan dalam menentukan supplier agar ketersediaan obat tetap terjaga dan risiko overstock maupun out of stock dapat diminimalkan. Selama ini, proses pemilihan supplier masih dilakukan secara konvensional berdasarkan pengalaman, sehingga berpotensi menghasilkan keputusan yang kurang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) pemilihan supplier obat fast moving menggunakan metode Weighted Product (WP). Metode WP digunakan karena mampu mengolah beberapa kriteria secara simultan melalui pembobotan yang terstruktur, meliputi frekuensi permintaan, lead time, sisa masa kedaluwarsa, harga beli, dan margin keuntungan. Sistem dikembangkan berbasis web menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan basis data MySQL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode Weighted Product mampu menghasilkan nilai preferensi dan perankingan supplier secara objektif, sehingga sistem berhasil menentukan supplier obat fast moving yang paling optimal sesuai dengan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Dengan demikian, sistem yang dibangun dapat membantu pemilik Toko Obat Annisa dalam mengambil keputusan pengadaan stok obat secara lebih tepat, objektif, dan terstruktur. Kata kunci: sistem pendukung keputusan; toko obat; pemilihan pemasok; weighted product

OPTIMIZING CYBER ATTACK SIMULATION AS A RESPONSE TO ESCALATING SECURITY THREATS USING A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH

Lubis, Rivaldi, Halim, Apriyanto, Tanjaya, Felix Jansen, Tandri
Abstract: Abstract: The growing intensity of cyber attacks, marked by rapid, large-scale, automated, and adaptive execution, requires analytical methods that represent the diversity of network environments, including variations in… target platforms such as IoT, traditional networks, and hybrid infrastructures. This study compares machine learning models for cyber attack classification under heterogeneous environmental conditions and formulates a conceptual optimization framework based on model performance. Four publicly available benchmark datasets were used, namely UNB CIC IoT 2023, UNB CIC IDS-2018, UNSW-NB15, and a Kaggle cyber security attacks dataset, comprising approximately 40,000 to over 3.6 million records and 25 to 80 features across IoT, conventional, and mixed network environments. Random Forest, XGBoost, Multilayer Perceptron, and Transformer were implemented within a unified pipeline involving preprocessing, feature selection, and Bayesian Optimization-based hyperparameter tuning. All models achieved F1-score and Cohen's Kappa above 96%, with XGBoost performing best (97.80%, 97.26%), followed by Random Forest (97.78%, 96.96%) and Transformer (97.44%, 96.82%), while MLP scored lowest (96.74%, 96.00%), a gap below one percentage point. Confusion matrix analysis revealed persistent misclassification in minority and overlapping attack classes, informing a proposed adaptive cyber attack simulation optimization framework.             Keywords: cyber attacks; optimization; machine learning; environmental variability.     Abstrak: Meningkatnya intensitas serangan siber yang berlangsung cepat, masif, otomatis, dan adaptif menuntut pendekatan analitis yang merepresentasikan keragaman lingkungan jaringan, termasuk perbedaan karakteristik platform sasaran seperti Internet of Things (IoT), jaringan konvensional, dan infrastruktur hibrida. Penelitian ini membandingkan model machine learning untuk klasifikasi serangan siber pada kondisi lingkungan heterogen, sekaligus menyusun kerangka optimasi konseptual berdasarkan performa model. Empat dataset benchmark publik digunakan, yaitu UNB CIC IoT 2023, UNB CIC IDS-2018, UNSW-NB15, serta dataset Kaggle cyber security attacks, dengan jumlah data berkisar 40.000 hingga lebih dari 3,6 juta rekaman dan 25 sampai 80 fitur, mewakili lingkungan IoT, konvensional, dan campuran. Random Forest, XGBoost, Multilayer Perceptron, dan Transformer diimplementasikan melalui pipeline terpadu mencakup pra-pemrosesan, seleksi fitur, dan optimasi hyperparameter berbasis Bayesian Optimization. Seluruh model mencapai F1-score dan Cohen's Kappa di atas 96%, dengan XGBoost menunjukkan performa terbaik (97,80%, 97,26%), diikuti Random Forest (97,78%, 96,96%) dan Transformer (97,44%, 96,82%), sementara MLP mencatat skor terendah (96,74%, 96,00%), dengan selisih kurang dari satu poin persentase. Analisis confusion matrix mengungkap misklasifikasi yang konsisten pada kelas minoritas dan serangan dengan karakteristik serupa, yang menjadi dasar kerangka optimasi simulasi serangan siber adaptif yang diusulkan.   Kata kunci: serangan siber; optimasi; machine learning; variabilitas lingkungan

INTUITIVE UI DESIGN FOR MANGROVE TREE DETECTION APP

Asnur, Paranita, Agushinta R, Dewi, Fitrianingsih, Fitrianingsih, Ngakasah, Siti Aliyah
Abstract: Abstract: The rapid degradation of mangrove ecosystems threatens coastal biodiversity, shoreline stability, and carbon sequestration capacity, particularly in areas experiencing intense human activity. However, community-based… -based participatory mangrove monitoring remains limited due to the lack of accessible and user-friendly digital tools. This study aims to design an intuitive mobile application for mangrove tree detection and participatory ecological monitoring using a User-Centered Design (UCD) approach. The research was conducted iteratively through user needs analysis, prototype development, and usability evaluation involving local governments, conservation practitioners, and non-expert users. The proposed application integrates machine learning for automated mangrove recognition with geospatial visualization and real-time feedback to support field-based monitoring. Usability evaluation using the System Usability Scale (SUS) yielded an overall score of 82.3, categorized as excellent usability, indicating high user satisfaction and intuitive interaction. The results demonstrate that integrating UCD and machine learning enhances usability, user engagement, and the accuracy of mangrove documentation under real field conditions. Overall, this study presents a field-ready, user-centered mobile solution that bridges usability engineering and participatory mangrove monitoring as a replicable model for inclusive ecological application development.   Keywords: Carbon sequestration; mangrove monitoring; mobile application; user-centered design; usability evaluation   Abstrak: Degradasi ekosistem mangrove yang semakin cepat mengancam keanekaragaman hayati pesisir, stabilitas garis pantai, dan kapasitas sekuestrasi karbon, terutama di wilayah dengan aktivitas manusia yang intens. Namun, pemantauan mangrove secara partisipatif berbasis komunitas masih terbatas akibat kurangnya perangkat digital yang mudah diakses dan ramah pengguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang aplikasi mobile yang intuitif untuk deteksi pohon mangrove dan pemantauan ekologi partisipatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan User-Centered Design (UCD). Penelitian dilakukan secara iteratif melalui analisis kebutuhan pengguna, pengembangan prototipe, dan evaluasi kegunaan dengan melibatkan pemerintah daerah, praktisi konservasi, serta pengguna non-ahli. Aplikasi yang diusulkan mengintegrasikan pembelajaran mesin untuk pengenalan mangrove secara otomatis dengan visualisasi geospasial dan umpan balik waktu nyata guna mendukung pemantauan di lapangan. Evaluasi kegunaan menggunakan System Usability Scale (SUS) menghasilkan skor keseluruhan sebesar 82,3 yang termasuk dalam kategori kegunaan sangat baik, menunjukkan tingkat kepuasan pengguna yang tinggi dan interaksi yang intuitif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi UCD dan pembelajaran mesin meningkatkan kegunaan, keterlibatan pengguna, serta akurasi dokumentasi mangrove dalam kondisi lapangan. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menyajikan solusi mobile berbasis UCD yang siap digunakan di lapangan dan menjembatani rekayasa kegunaan dengan pemantauan mangrove partisipatif sebagai model replikatif bagi pengembangan aplikasi ekologi yang inklusif.   Kata kunci: Carbon sequestration; mangrove monitoring; mobile application; user-centered design; usability evaluation

MULTI-FACE EMOTION DETECTION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS TINY FACE DETECTOR

Istioso, Jason, Gerard, Jeremiah, Marcheleno, Marco, Maulana, Muhammad Akbar
Abstract: Abstract: Understanding students’ emotional conditions is important for evaluating engagement and learning atmosphere in classroom environments. However, conventional evaluation methods are often subjective and difficult… lt to apply in real time. Therefore, this study proposes a real-time multi-face emotion detection system designed for classroom learning environments. The system integrates a CNN-based Tiny Face Detector for multi-scale face localization with a convolutional neural network to classify seven facial emotions: angry, disgust, fear, happy, sad, surprise, and neutral. Experimental evaluation was conducted using classroom video data under varying lighting conditions, face orientations, partial occlusions, and different numbers of detected faces per frame. The proposed system achieves stable real-time performance with processing speeds ranging from 10–20 FPS, depending on face density. The results show higher recognition performance for expressive emotions, while subtle emotions remain more challenging. Overall classification accuracy reaches above 80% when emotion predictions are aggregated across multiple faces and time windows. These results indicate that the proposed system is suitable for objective analysis of emotional dynamics in classroom environments and supports the deployment of lightweight emotion-aware monitoring systems for educational applications. Keywords: classroom monitoring; convolutional neural network; facial emotion recognition; multi-face detection; tiny face detector.   Abstrak: Pemahaman terhadap kondisi emosional mahasiswa penting untuk mengevaluasi keterlibatan dan suasana pembelajaran di kelas. Namun, metode evaluasi konvensional umumnya bersifat subjektif dan sulit diterapkan secara real-time. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengusulkan sistem deteksi emosi multi-wajah secara real-time yang dirancang untuk lingkungan pembelajaran di kelas. Sistem mengintegrasikan Tiny Face Detector berbasis CNN untuk pelokalan wajah multi-skala dengan jaringan saraf konvolusional untuk mengklasifikasikan tujuh emosi wajah, yaitu marah, jijik, takut, senang, sedih, terkejut, dan netral. Evaluasi eksperimen dilakukan menggunakan data video kelas dengan variasi kondisi pencahayaan, orientasi wajah, oklusi parsial, serta jumlah wajah yang berbeda dalam satu frame. Sistem menunjukkan kinerja real-time yang stabil dengan kecepatan pemrosesan antara 10–20 FPS, bergantung pada kepadatan wajah. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik pada emosi ekspresif, sementara emosi dengan ciri halus lebih menantang untuk dikenali. Akurasi klasifikasi keseluruhan mencapai di atas 80% ketika hasil emosi diagregasi berdasarkan banyak wajah dan interval waktu. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang diusulkan berpotensi digunakan untuk analisis objektif dinamika emosi di kelas serta mendukung pemantauan lingkungan pembelajaran berbasis kecerdasan buatan. Kata kunci: pengenalan emosi wajah; deteksi multi-wajah; Tiny Face Detector; jaringan saraf konvolusional; pemantauan kelas.

YOLOV8 DETECTION FOR STUDENT DRESS CODE COMPLIANCE USING COMPUTER VISION

Geraldo Tan, Agung Saputra, Richardo Renzo Chandra, Radja Ardjuna Rithaudin Pua, Muhammad Akbar Maulana
Abstract: Abstract: The implementation of dress code regulations in university environments is generally still carried out conventionally, requiring significant time and effort and potentially leading to subjective assessments. This… is study develops an automatic student dress code compliance detection system using computer vision based on the YOLOv8 model. The dataset consists of 1,800 annotated images divided into eight clothing categories, split into 78% training (1,404 images), 14% validation (254 images), and 8% testing (143 images). All images underwent preprocessing and data augmentation before training the YOLOv8 model with an input size of 640×640 pixels for 50 epochs. During testing, the YOLOv8 model achieved an overall performance of Precision 0.844, Recall 0.773, F1-Score 0.802, and mAP@0.5 0.841, and was able to detect clothing objects with good accuracy and stable performance under various image conditions. The system was integrated with a Flask-based backend and a web-based frontend to enable real time detection and compliance classification, with a response time of less than 2 seconds, supporting automatic and consistent identification of student dress code compliance as “Compliant” or “Violation.” Keywords: compliance detection; computer vision; dress code regulations; real time detection; YOLOv8.   Abstrak: Penerapan aturan berpakaian di lingkungan kampus umumnya masih dilakukan secara konvensional sehingga membutuhkan waktu dan tenaga yang relatif besar serta berpotensi menimbulkan subjektivitas penilaian. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem pendeteksi kepatuhan berpakaian mahasiswa secara otomatis berbasis visi komputer menggunakan model YOLOv8. Dataset yang digunakan terdiri dari 1.800 citra beranotasi yang terbagi ke dalam 8 kategori pakaian, dengan pembagian data sebesar 78% data latih (1.404 citra), 14% data validasi (254 citra) dan 8% data uji (143 citra). Seluruh citra diproses melalui tahapan pre-processing dan data augmentation, kemudian digunakan untuk melatih model YOLOv8 dengan ukuran input 640×640 piksel selama 50 epoch. Pada tahap pengujian, model mencapai performa keseluruhan dengan Precision 0.844, Recall 0.773, F1-Score 0.802, dan mAP@0.5 0.841, serta mampu mendeteksi objek pakaian dengan akurasi baik dan performa stabil pada berbagai kondisi citra. Sistem kemudian diintegrasikan dengan backend berbasis Flask dan frontend web untuk mendukung proses deteksi waktu nyata dan klasifikasi kepatuhan, dengan waktu respons sistem kurang dari 2 detik, sehingga mampu mengidentifikasi status kepatuhan berpakaian mahasiswa ke dalam kategori “Aman” dan “Melanggar Aturan” secara otomatis dan konsisten. Kata kunci: aturan berpakaian; deteksi waktu nyata; pendeteksi kepatuhan; visi komputer; YOLOv8.  

FORECASTING THE JAKARTA COMPOSITE INDEX USING LSTM BASED ON INDONESIAN MARKET DATA

Yunita, Reni, Egi Dio Bagus Sudewo, Azyana Alda Sirait
Abstract: Abstract: The capital market plays an important role in describing the economic conditions of a country, and the IHSG is used as the main indicator to observe the movement of all stocks on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Because… ecause stock data is volatile and non-linear, the forecasting process becomes challenging, requiring methods that can capture historical patterns more accurately. This study aims to predict IHSG movements using the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to generate stable short-term predictions. Historical IHSG data was used to train the model, and accuracy was evaluated using Mean Squared Error (MSE). The results show that the model obtained an MSE 6784.0207, RMSE 82.3652 and MAPE 0.88%, indicating a relatively low prediction error rate. The visualization shows that the model's predictions are very close to the actual data, and the 60-day forecasting results show a potential increase in the IHSG of 1.05%. Thus, the LSTM model is capable of providing fairly accurate IHSG predictions and can be a useful tool for investors in analyzing short-term market movements. Keywords: forecasting; JCI; long short term memory   Abstrak: Pasar modal memiliki peran penting dalam menggambarkan kondisi ekonomi suatu negara, dan IHSG digunakan sebagai indikator utama untuk melihat pergerakan seluruh saham di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Karena data saham bersifat fluktuatif dan tidak linear, proses peramalan menjadi tantangan, sehingga dibutuhkan metode yang mampu menangkap pola historis secara lebih akurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memprediksi pergerakan IHSG menggunakan model Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) untuk menghasilkan prediksi jangka pendek yang stabil. Data historis IHSG digunakan untuk melatih model, kemudian akurasi dievaluasi menggunakan Mean Squared Error (MSE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model memperoleh nilai MSE 6784.0207, RMSE 82.3652 dan MAPE 0.88% yang menandakan tingkat kesalahan prediksi relatif rendah. Visualisasi menunjukkan bahwa prediksi model sangat mendekati data aktual, dan hasil forecasting 60 hari ke depan memperlihatkan potensi kenaikan IHSG sebesar 1,05%. Dengan demikian, model LSTM mampu memberikan prediksi IHSG yang cukup akurat dan dapat menjadi alat bantu bagi investor dalam menganalisis pergerakan pasar jangka pendek. Kata kunci: peramalan; JCI; memori jangka pendek

NAÏVE BAYES-BASED STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT PREDICTION SYSTEM

Angreani, Fadillah, Pratiwi, Heny, Saad, Muhammad Ibnu
Abstract: Abstract: SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Samarinda still relies on manual evaluation with limited data analysis tools in predicting student academic achievement. This study aims develop a system for predicting the learning achievement… nt of students at SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Samarinda using the Naive Bayes classification method. The dataset used consists of 192 student exam scores covering academic scores, attendance, parents’ education and income, and living conditions as independent variables, while the dependent variable is the achievement label (achieved or not achieved). The preprocessing stage includes label normalization, feature selection, and median imputation to handle missing data. The dataset was divided into 75% training data and 25%. The model was implemented as a pipeline consisting of a median imputer and a Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier. The evaluation results showed that the model achieved an accuracy of 79.2%, with a perfect recall value (1.00) in the high-achieving class and (0.64) in the low-achieving class. This shows that the model is quite effective in identifying high-achieving students. The trained model was then integrated into a Flask-based web application, which enables online predictions through a simple form interface, facilitating contextual interpretation. This system is expected to assist in educational decision-making by helping teachers identify students’ achievement levels early on and design more targeted learning interventions. Keywords: academic performance; educational data mining; naive bayes; prediction system; student achievement     Abstrak: SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Samarinda masih bergantung pada evaluasi manual dengan  alat analisis data terbatas dalam melakukan prediksi prestasi akademik siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem prediksi prestasi belajar siswa SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Samarinda menggunakan metode klasifikasi Naive Bayes. Dataset yang digunakan terdiri atas 192 data nilai ujian siswa yang mencakup skor akademik, kehadiran, pendidikan dan pendapatan orang tua, serta kondisi tempat tinggal sebagai variabel independen, sedangkan variabel dependen berupa label prestasi (berprestasi atau tidak berprestasi). Tahap preprocessing meliputi normalisasi label, seleksi fitur, serta imputasi median untuk menangani data yang hilang. Dataset dibagi menjadi 75% data latih dan 25%. Model diimplementasikan dalam bentuk pipeline yang terdiri atas median imputer dan Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa model mencapai akurasi sebesar 79,2%, dengan nilai recall sempurna (1,00) pada kelas berprestasi dan lebih rendah (0,64) pada kelas tidak berprestasi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa model cukup efektif dalam mengidentifikasi siswa berprestasi. Model yang telah dilatih kemudian diintegrasikan ke dalam aplikasi web berbasis Flask, yang memungkinkan prediksi secara daring melalui antarmuka formulir sederhana untuk mendukung interpretasi kontekstual. Sistem ini diharapkan dapat membantu untuk pengambilan keputusan dalam pendidikan dengan membantu guru mengidentifikasi tingkat prestasi siswa sejak dini dan merancang intervensi pembelajaran yang lebih terarah.   Kata kunci: prestasi akademik; penambangan data Pendidikan; naive bayes; sistem prediksi; prestasi siswa

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SOIL MOISTURE DETECTION TOOL USING ANDROID BASED DECISION TREE ALGORITHM

Aziz Ritonga, Mirwan, Tanti, Lili
Abstract: Abstract: Soil moisture is an important factor in determining the watering needs of plants for optimal growth. Therefore, accurate monitoring of soil moisture is necessary. This research aims to design and build a soil moisture… oisture detection tool based on the Decision Tree algorithm with the support of the YL-69 sensor for humidity measurement and the DHT11 sensor for temperature measurement to increase data accuracy. This system uses NodeMCU ESP8266 as a microcontroller and is integrated with an Android application as a user interface. Sensor interpretation data is analyzed using the Decision Tree algorithm to determine soil conditions (dry, damp or wet). The test results show an accuracy level of 95% from 300 data samples. Thus, this system is able to detect soil moisture effectively and can help increase the efficiency of crop management on a household and commercial agricultural scale.   Keywords: agriculture, android, decision tree algorithm, sensors, soil moisture detection  

PROTOTYPE OF RICE FIELD IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING ARDUINO UNO MICROCONTROLLER AND TELEGRAM

Maulana, Kevin, Ritzkal, Hendri Hendrawan, Ade
Abstract: Abstract: In agriculture, irrigation systems are vital for enhancing water management and maximising plant growth. Effective irrigation management involves distributing sufficient quantities of water evenly to condition… soil fertility for plants. This study aims to design a prototype that can be monitored via the Telegram app. The research methodology employs a thinking framework approach. The system is implemented using an Arduino Uno microcontroller and supporting devices, including an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, an ultrasonic sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a stepper motor and a servo motor. Telegram serves as the monitoring tool, sending notifications connected to the Arduino via a Wi-Fi network. Test results showed that the system operates effectively: the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor functions as a water level reader, and the stepper motor opens and closes the water gate. Soil moisture monitoring uses a soil moisture sensor to measure the water content in the soil. If the sensor detects dry soil conditions or a moisture level below 60%, the servo motor will rotate 15° to close the water channel. Conversely, if the sensor detects wet or moist soil conditions, the servo motor will rotate 0° to close the water channel. Keywords: arduino uno; irrigation system; soil moisture; ultrasonic sensor;