Abstract:The rapid expansion of the digital economy in Indonesia has significantly transformed business practices and, consequently, the landscape of business dispute resolution. This study presents a critical comparative analysis…
s of arbitration—particularly online arbitration—and conventional court litigation in resolving business disputes in post-digitalization Indonesia. The research focuses on two principal aspects: legal certainty and time efficiency. Using normative juridical analysis supported by relevant legal theories, including Progressive Legal Theory, Development Legal Theory, and Legal Convergence Theory, this study examines the adaptability of dispute resolution mechanisms within the framework of Law Number 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution and related regulations governing electronic court administration. The findings indicate that arbitration, especially through Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), offers greater procedural flexibility, shorter resolution time, and cost efficiency compared to conventional litigation, which remains burdened by rigid procedural stages, administrative complexity, and case backlogs. Digitalization has further enhanced arbitration efficiency by enabling electronic submission of documents, virtual hearings, and digital evidence examination. However, challenges persist, including technological infrastructure limitations, data security concerns, and the need for regulatory harmonization to ensure enforceability and equal legal legitimacy with court decisions. This study concludes that while digital arbitration demonstrates superior time efficiency and practical advantages, regulatory reform and institutional strengthening are essential to guarantee optimal legal certainty in Indonesia’s evolving digital business environment.
Abstract:This study aims to develop an Android-based mathematics learning media using Smart Apps Creator (SAC) and determine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving critical thinking skills of high school students…
nts in West Sulawesi. This research is a research and development (R&D) with a modified Borg and Gall model and is limited to the product revision stage after the trial. The resulting product is an Android-based Mathematics E-Module that contains interactive materials, learning videos, problem-solving-based practice questions, learning games, and evaluations. The data collection technique used expert validation questionnaires, teacher and student response questionnaires, and critical thinking ability tests. Data were analyzed using a Likert scale, validation tests, practicality tests, and effectiveness tests through a comparison of pretest and posttest results and N-Gain calculations. The results showed that the developed learning media was in the very feasible category based on the assessment of material experts and media experts with a feasibility percentage above 85%. The practicality test showed that teacher and student responses were in the practical to very practical category. The effectiveness test showed an increase in students' critical thinking abilities in the moderate to high category, and there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. Thus, Android-based mathematics learning media using Smart Apps Creator is effective for improving the critical thinking abilities of high school students in West Sulawesi.
Abstract:Project-Based Learning (PjBL) has emerged as an innovative educational approach that bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. This study explores the impact of PjBL on students' learning experiences,…
xperiences, particularly in real-world engagement, collaborative teamwork, social interaction, and problem-solving skills. Findings from interviews with multiple informants highlight that PjBL provides students with new experiences beyond the traditional classroom setting, allowing them to engage directly with the school environment. Through collaborative projects, students develop interpersonal skills, enhance communication, and strengthen teamwork. Additionally, PjBL fosters adaptability and problem-solving abilities, equipping students with essential 21st-century competencies. These results align with the theoretical perspectives of Krajcik & Blumenfeld (2006) and Blumenfeld et al. (1991), which emphasize the significance of experiential learning and social interaction in deepening students’ understanding. Overall, PjBL offers a transformative learning experience by making education more meaningful, engaging, and relevant to real-world challenges
Abstract:The identification of error types based on Newman’s Procedure includes reading, comprehension, transformation, process skills, and answer encoding. The objective of this study is to describe the analysis of students’ errors…
errors in solving mathematical logic problems based on Newman’s Procedure. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach involving first year students enrolled in the mathematical logic course within the Information Systems program. Data were collected through a diagnostic test administered to three students representing different levels of academic ability: one low ability student, one moderate ability student, and one high ability student. Students’ ability levels were measured based on tests covering compound propositional logic and logical operations. Data analysis was conducted by classifying errors at each stage of Newman’s Procedure, tracing the underlying factors contributing to these errors, and relating them to students’ logical reasoning abilities. Accordingly, the research method employed in this study is descriptive qualitative research. The resulting error classifications were subsequently used by lecturers as a basis for recommending improvements in instructional strategies. The results indicate that students with low ability made errors across all stages from K1 to K5, students with moderate ability tended to make errors at the case exploration and process skills stages, while students with high ability were able to complete all stages systematically and consistently. These findings confirm that the Newman Procedure is effective in mapping students’ thinking errors. Therefore, the implementation of differentiated learning strategies that emphasize problem comprehension, case exploration, and logical verification is recommended to enhance students’ reasoning abilities
Abstract:Entrepreneurship education is a strategic instrument in addressing global social and economic challenges, particularly those related to the low level of independence of the younger generation. The still-dominant orientation…
ion of graduates as job seekers demonstrates the need for a paradigm shift in education toward developing an independent, creative, and adaptive generation. This study aims to analyze the urgency of entrepreneurship education in developing an independent generation through a library approach. The research method used is library research, examining scientific journal articles, academic books, and educational policy documents published in the last five years (2021–2025). Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques to identify the concepts, values, and role of entrepreneurship education in developing an independent generation. The study results indicate that entrepreneurship education contributes significantly to fostering independence, creativity, responsibility, risk-taking, and problemsolving skills. Therefore, there is a high urgency for entrepreneurship education to be systematically integrated into the education system to develop an independent and competitive generation.
Abstract:This best practice study aims to develop 21st-century soft skills in students at MAN 1 Banda Aceh through the implementation of an artificial intelligence-based collaborative learning model called KOTAK (Artificial Intelligence-Based…
ligence-Based Brain Collaboration). The study used a qualitative case study design with 39 students. Data collection was conducted through learning observations, interviews, and analysis of student activities and learning outcomes in the Integrated Economic Exploration material. The KOTAK model was designed by integrating various easily accessible AI tools, such as Google Lens, ChatGPT, and QuestionWell, to support interactive, collaborative, and problem-solving-based learning. The results showed that implementing the KOTAK model significantly improved students' critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity (4C) skills. Analysis of learning outcomes indicated a 94.87% absorption rate and achievement of the curriculum objectives for the taught material. The use of the AI platform has proven to be an effective interactive medium for encouraging active student engagement, strengthening higher-order thinking, and fostering collaboration in problem-solving. This research makes an original contribution by offering and testing a contextual learning model that integrates collaborative pedagogy and AI technology in a madrasah environment, while also presenting a practical framework for developing 21st-century skills in integrated subjects such as Economics, in line with the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum.
Abstract:The principle of legality is a fundamental concept in the Indonesian criminal justice system, ensuring legal certainty and the protection of human rights from arbitrary criminal punishment. However, the rapid development…
of modern crimes often leads to legal gaps or vague norms that require judges to conduct judicial law-finding (rechtsvinding) when resolving criminal cases. This research aims to analyze the position of the principle of legality as a legal limit to judicial authority and examine how far judicial law-finding can be carried out without violating the essential principles of criminal law. This study employs a normative legal research method with a statute approach, conceptual approach, case approach, and historical approach. The results demonstrate that the principle of legality plays a crucial role in restricting judicial interpretation to prevent the creation of new offenses that may harm defendants and to ensure punishment can only be imposed based on pre-existing laws. Nonetheless, judicial law-finding remains necessary to address contemporary crimes that are not yet regulated under statutory law. Therefore, a proportional balance between legal certainty and substantive justice is required so that the principle of legality and judicial law-finding can work synergistically within Indonesia’s criminal justice system.
Abstract:The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) offers new opportunities to enhance teaching and learning in early education. This study applies deep learning approaches to support early cognitive development among…
primary students in an Indonesian Islamic school. A hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model was designed to analyse students’ cognitive patterns, attention, and engagement. Using a mixed-methods design, the research involved 60 students aged 8–10 at MIS Terpadu Alhijrah Bintuju. The model processed multimodal classroom data to generate adaptive feedback and personalized learning pathways. Results showed significant improvements in attention (+18%), memory recall (+22%), and problem-solving (+25%) after eight weeks of AI-assisted learning. Qualitative findings revealed higher motivation, engagement, and self-regulation. The study demonstrates that culturally aligned AI systems can effectively enhance early cognitive development and promote learner autonomy in Islamic primary education.
Abstract:Abstract This study aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of immersive learning on student motivation and learning independence at Padangsidimpuan Public Elementary School 200306. The background of this research…
arch stems from the need to provide a learning process that is not only oriented towards final results, but also encourages students to understand the meaning of learning, think critically, and take responsibility for their learning process. The research method used was a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The study subjects included 50 fifth-grade students divided into an experimental group and a control group. Data collection instruments included a learning motivation questionnaire, a learning independence observation sheet, and documentation of learning outcomes. Data were analyzed using a t-test to determine significant differences between the two groups.
The results showed that the implementation of immersive learning had a positive and significant impact on increasing student motivation and learning independence. Students participating in immersive learning demonstrated greater enthusiasm, active question-asking, and the ability to manage assignments independently compared to those in the control group. These findings indicate that immersive learning strategies can be an effective alternative in developing reflective, independent, and problem-solving-oriented learners. Thus, the implementation of immersive learning in elementary schools needs to be continuously strengthened through teacher training, the development of teaching materials, and a learning culture that fosters students' ongoing curiosity.
Abstract:This research aims to develop a mathematics learning device oriented toward the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach based on Ethnomathematics to improve students’ mathematical problem-solving skills at MTs Negeri…
egeri 3 Tapanuli Selatan. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design using the 4-D model, which consists of four stages: defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The research subjects were 36 seventh-grade students in the second semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. The instruments used included expert validation sheets, teacher and student practicality questionnaires, classroom observation sheets, and mathematical problem-solving tests. The results revealed that the developed learning device achieved an average expert validation score of 4.25 in the very valid category in terms of content, language, and presentation. The practicality test showed that the teacher’s response reached 89% and the students’ response reached 91%, categorized as very practical, indicating that the device was easy to use and engaging for students. The effectiveness test showed an average N-Gain score of 0.52 (moderate category) with 86.11% of students achieving mastery learning, signifying that the learning device was effective in enhancing students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities.
The integration of the realistic mathematics approach with local cultural elements (ethnomathematics) successfully created meaningful and contextual learning experiences while fostering students’ appreciation for their cultural heritage. Therefore, the developed learning device is feasible to be implemented as an innovative mathematics learning medium based on cultural contexts in junior high schools and madrasah.