Abstract:This research discusses the concepts of i’rab and ‘amil in Arabic grammar and examines the methodological differences between the Basra and Kufa schools as the two primary streams in the construction of nahwu (syntax). I’rab…
). I’rab is understood as the changes in the vowels at the end of words influenced by the presence of an ‘amil (governor) and the word's position within the sentence structure, thus playing a vital role in preserving meaning and syntactic order in the Arabic language. This study employs a qualitative approach with a library research method, tracing primary sources from the works of classical scholars and secondary sources from modern studies. Data analysis was conducted using content and comparative analysis methods to identify the epistemological characteristics of both schools. The results of the study show that the Basra school is prescriptive, rational, and selective regarding linguistic sources, whereas the Kufa school is more descriptive, flexible, and open to various speech patterns, including those considered syadz (irregular). These differing approaches impact how both schools understand and formulate the rules of i’rab and ‘amil. This study concludes that both schools provided distinct yet complementary contributions to the development of Arabic nahwu, where Basra played a role in theoretical standardization and Kufa contributed to the preservation of linguistic reality. These findings emphasize that the understanding of i’rab is not only related to grammatical aspects but is also supported by historical and epistemological perspectives within the scientific tradition of the Arabic language.
Abstract:This research aims to explain the structural relations between al-idhāfah, al-naʿt, and al-tawkīd in Arabic syntax and to delineate how their interaction influences meaning formation and functional distribution within the…
the nominal phrase. This study is conducted because previous research has tended to discuss these three elements separately, resulting in a lack of an integrated analytical model that describes the hierarchical and semantic relationships between them. The study employs a qualitative-descriptive approach, analyzing data drawn from classical nahwu texts, modern Arabic corpora, and relevant contemporary research. Data were classified based on the patterns of element occurrence and analyzed through structural syntactic analysis methods to identify their functions, positions, and i‘rāb (inflectional) implications. The results indicate that idhāfah serves as a marker of possessive relations and semantic restriction, naʿt functions to provide descriptive modification that clarifies the referent, and tawkīd reinforces the reference both structurally and semantically. These three form dependency patterns that influence each other when present within a single phrasal construction. The novelty of this research lies in the formulation of an integrative relational model that combines syntactic functions, hierarchical structures, and semantic implications into a single operational analytical framework. This model provides a more comprehensive understanding compared to previous fragmentary studies. These findings have important implications for the teaching of nahwu, the analysis of modern Arabic discourse, and the development of computational linguistic applications that require more accurate mapping of nominal structures.
Abstract:This study aims to develop a character building affirmation learning model based on a deep learning approach in the context of Indonesian language learning at the Junior High School (SMP) level. This approach emphasizes…
strengthening conceptual understanding and internalization of character values through reflective, collaborative, and meaningful learning activities. The study used the Design and Development Research (DDR) method with a 4D development model: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The research subjects consisted of grade VIII students and Indonesian language teachers at SMP. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, documentation, expert validation, and questionnaires to students and teachers. The validation results by three experts—character education, educational technology, and Indonesian language teachers—showed that this model is very valid, with an average score of 90% in the content, construct, and technology aspects. A limited trial conducted on 30 grade VIII students showed that 87% of students felt that this model made it easier for them to understand character values in depth. In addition, teachers considered this model practical, interactive, and able to increase students' active involvement in the learning process. These findings indicate that the affirmation character building model based on deep learning is not only effective in building attitude competencies and understanding of values, but is also relevant to be applied in Indonesian language learning. This model has the potential to be an innovative approach in technology-based character education that supports pedagogical transformation at the junior high school level
Abstract:The study of al-ʿawāmil al-naḥwiyyah (grammatical factors) serves as a primary foundation in Arabic grammar, examining the relationship between the ʿāmil (governing agent) and the maʿmūl (governed element) as the mechanism…
mechanism determining iʿrāb (inflection) within Arabic sentence structures. This article aims to comprehensively analyze the classical theory of the ʿāmil concept as formulated by early grammarians—notably al-Jurjānī in Al-ʿAwāmil al-Mi’ah—and examine the debates emerging between the Basra and Kufa schools regarding the source and authority of the ʿāmil. Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive analytical approach toward primary and secondary literature, this research explores the epistemological arguments underlying the construction of the ʿāmil theory and assesses its relevance to modern critiques in Arabic linguistics. The findings indicate that the ʿāmil concept is not merely a grammatical instrument but also possesses philosophical value in explaining the order and rationality of the Arabic language. However, modern critiques—particularly from structural and generative linguistic perspectives—question the metaphysical assumptions of the ʿāmil concept, which are deemed non-empirical. Nonetheless, the theory of ʿāmil maintains methodological significance in understanding Arabic syntactic relationships and the development of contemporary grammatical theories. This article emphasizes the necessity of a conceptual reinterpretation of al-ʿawāmil al-naḥwiyyah to remain relevant within modern linguistic paradigms without losing its classical essence.
Abstract:Elementary education requires coherent integration of learning theories, subject-specific teaching methods, and sound assessment practices to support students’ holistic development. This study aims to examine the implementation…
mentation of learning theories and instructional methods across multiple subject areas, including basic legal awareness, listening skills in language learning, mathematics learning methodology, elementary school mathematics, educational assessment, and educational evaluation. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach and was conducted at SD Negeri No. 101390 Batang Pane-I, Desa Batang Pane-I. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with teachers, and documentation analysis. The findings indicate that student-centered and contextual teaching methods grounded in constructivist learning theory enhance student engagement and conceptual understanding across subjects. Moreover, formative assessment and reflective evaluation practices play a crucial role in improving instructional quality and learning outcomes. The study highlights the importance of integrating pedagogical theory, subject methodology, and assessment as a unified framework for effective elementary education.
Abstract:Previous studies have shown that the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) are effective in optimizing project completion time. Based on observations, the construction of a single…
ingle housing unit typically requires 64 working days. This study aims to obtain an optimal scheduling result by applying CPM and PERT to the construction project of a subsidized house type-36 in Perumahan Malimbukan Permai III, North Minahasa Regency. The analysis results indicate that the project’s critical path consists of A – B – C – D – E – F – H – K – L – M – N – P – Q. Using the CPM method, the required completion time is 55 days, while the PERT method yields an estimated 55.68 days. With a deadline of 60 days, the probability of completing the project is 99.94%. This study highlights the importance of monitoring the critical path and utilizing time estimation in project planning to prevent delays and unforeseen obstacles.
Abstract:Amidst a digitized business landscape, Digital Leadership (DL) has emerged as a crucial predictor of Team Performance. However, a fundamental question arises: which dimensions of digital leadership truly drive performance…
e technical skills (tech-savviness), strategic vision, or relational skills? This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 51 articles to deconstruct digital leadership into four main dimensions: (1) Technological, (2) Visionary-Strategic, (3) Relational-Emotional, and (4) Structural-Managerial. The findings reveal an unexpected pattern: the technological dimension only acts as a hygiene factor, while the structural-managerial and visionary-strategic dimensions show the most consistent impact on team performance. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the relational dimension is highly context-dependent, strong in small Agile teams but NOT significant in large bureaucratic organizations. These findings suggest a reframing of the conventional assumption that “digital leaders” must start with technical expertise, and instead suggest that organizations should train digital talent in soft skills and strategic vision, or train existing visionary leaders in basic digital literacy.
Abstract:This study aims to analyze the influence of multi-stakeholder collaboration on the resilience of tourism activities and to examine the mediating role of sustainable tourism management within a community-based tourism village…
lage context. A quantitative explanatory research design was employed, using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The research was conducted in Nglanggeran Tourism Village, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with data collection carried out in 2025. A total of 90 respondents were selected through purposive sampling based on their active involvement in village tourism activities. The three main constructs, namely multi-stakeholder collaboration, sustainable tourism management, and tourism activity resilience, were measured using a 5-point Likert scale instrument. PLS-SEM analysis was employed to evaluate the measurement and structural models, encompassing assessments of validity, reliability, R², Q², and hypothesis testing via bootstrapping. Findings indicate that multi-stakeholder collaboration has a positive and significant effect on both sustainable tourism management and tourism activity resilience. Sustainable tourism management also shows a positive and considerable influence on tourism activity resilience. Furthermore, a partial mediation effect was identified, wherein sustainable tourism management strengthens the impact of multi-stakeholder collaboration on the strength of tourism activities. Structured and inclusive multi-stakeholder collaboration, when integrated with sustainable tourism management practices, enhances the resilience of tourism activities in community-based destinations. These results underscore the crucial importance of collaborative governance and sustainable management practices in fostering destination sustainability and resilience.
Abstract:The ambiguity of the elements “dealer” and “user” in Articles 114, 112, and 127 of Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics creates legal uncertainty in the practice of criminal justice. These three provisions often overlap in…
erlap in law enforcement, particularly when investigators and public prosecutors apply more severe charges without comprehensively examining the legal construction of the defendant’s actions, including the social and situational context behind them. This study is a normative legal research that examines the doctrine of judicial legal discovery, principles of criminal law, and the principle of proportionality in sentencing in a more in-depth and structured manner. The results of the study indicate that judges have the authority to interpret the elements of narcotics criminal acts systematically, grammatically, and teleologically to clearly distinguish between “abusive users” and “dealers with the intent to distribute.” Legal discovery is needed to prevent overcriminalization and to ensure the protection of the rights of suspects and defendants throughout the entire criminal justice process. This study concludes that the appropriate method of interpretation is an integration of systematic interpretation, teleological interpretation, and the ratio legis of the Narcotics Law.
Abstract:This study aims to analyze the validity of the use of language in the Investigation Report (BAP) of the Suspect in the Gowa Police Criminal Investigation Unit through a forensic linguistic study. The focus of the research…
h is directed at four linguistic aspects, namely diction, syntax, coherence, and ambiguity, which have the potential to affect the accuracy, clarity, and consistency of information in BAP documents. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving five Suspect BAP documents as primary data analyzed through qualitative content analysis techniques using the interactive model Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The results of the study show that the use of diction in some BAPs does not fully reflect the suspect's literal statements, but is a narrative construction of the investigator that has the potential to cause meaning bias. In the syntax aspect, it was found that the sentence structure was long, ineffective, and layered so that it gave rise to the blurring of the subject of action and the flow of information. The aspect of coherence also shows irregularities in the organization of the chronology which results in the flow of events becoming illogical and making it difficult to understand the sequence of events. Meanwhile, referential and semantic ambiguity is found in a number of parts of the BAP, especially related to the use of unclear pronouns that open up the possibility of double interpretation. These findings indicate that the linguistic aspect plays a crucial role in the validity of BAP as a legal document. Linguistic inaccuracy has the potential to affect the interpretation of law enforcement officials and have an impact on the fulfillment of suspects' rights. This study emphasizes the need to improve language competence for investigators and the application of forensic linguistic principles in the preparation of investigation documents.