Abstract:Abstract: Recommendation systems are becoming increasingly important with the growth of streaming platforms. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of Content-Based Filtering, Neural Collaborative Filtering,…
ing, and a combination of both in a movie recommendation system. The method used in this study involves retrieving movie details from the TMDB API and ratings from the MovieLens 32M Dataset (2010-2023). Each model's performance is evaluated using evaluation metrics such as RMSE and MAE. The results of this study indicate that Neural Collaborative Filtering achieves the best prediction performance (RMSE = 0.785423, MAE = 0.581262), followed by the hybrid model (RMSE = 0.800863, MAE = 0.660872), while Content-Based Filtering produces low performance and limits the capabilities of the hybrid model. In conclusion, these findings highlight the superiority of latent feature-based models such as NCF that learn directly from user interaction patterns over content-based approaches in the context of modern recommendation systems.
Keywords: content-based filtering; hybrid filtering; movie recommendation; neural collaborative filtering.
Abstrak: Sistem rekomendasi menjadi semakin penting seiring berkembangnya platform streaming. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan kinerja Content-Based Filtering, Neural Collaborative Filtering dan kombinasi keduanya dalam sistem rekomendasi film. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini melibatkan pengambilan detail film dari TMDB API dan rating dari dataset MovieLens 32M Dataset (2010-2023). Setiap peforma model dievaluasi dengan menggunakan metrik evaluasi seperti RMSE dan MAE. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Neural Collaborative Filtering mencapai kinerja prediksi terbaik (RMSE = 0.785423, MAE = 0.581262), diikuti oleh model hybrid (RMSE = 0.800863, MAE = 0.660872), sementara Content-Based Filtering menghasilkankan peforma yang rendah dan membatasi kemampuan model hybrid. Kesimpulannya, penelitian ini menyoroti superiotas model berbasis latent feature seperti NCF yang belajar langsung dari pola interaksi pengguna dibandingkan pendekatan berbasis konten dalam konteks sistem rekomendasi modern.
Kata kunci: content-based filtering; hybrid filtering; neural collaborative filtering; rekomendasi film.
Abstract:Abstract: This research is driven by the challenges faced by Universitas Lancang Kuning (UNILAK) in attracting applicants amidst intense competition, especially after the government's policy opened independent pathways to…
o State Universities (PTN) from 2022-2023, which impacted private university applicant numbers. To address this and support strategic planning, this study aims to predict the trend of prospective students applying to all study programs at UNILAK for the period 2025-2027. Two time series models were employed: ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory). Applicant data from 2019 to 2024 was used to build the model. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test confirmed the data's stationarity with a p-value of 0.0. ACF and PACF analyses determined the ARIMA parameters as p=1, d=1, q=1. The LSTM model was trained to capture more complex data patterns. ARIMA predictions for 2025, 2026, and 2027 are 3298.66, 3362.33, and 3371.30, respectively. LSTM predictions for the same years are 3335.64, 3476.52, and 3518.42. Evaluation using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) showed ARIMA (RMSE=588.72) to be more accurate than LSTM (RMSE=653.96). Nevertheless, LSTM provided a more optimistic prediction. This study concludes that ARIMA is better suited for short-term planning, while LSTM can be used for more ambitious long-term strategies.
Keywords: arima; LSTM; applicants; prediction; university
Abstrak: Penelitian ini didorong oleh tantangan Universitas Lancang Kuning (UNILAK) dalam menarik pendaftar di tengah persaingan ketat, khususnya setelah kebijakan pemerintah membuka jalur mandiri ke Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (PTN) sejak 2022-2023, yang menyebabkan penurunan jumlah pendaftar di universitas swasta. Untuk mendukung perencanaan strategis, studi ini bertujuan memprediksi tren jumlah calon mahasiswa yang mendaftar ke seluruh program studi di UNILAK untuk periode 2025-2027.Dua model deret waktu digunakan: ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) dan LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory). Data jumlah pendaftar dari 2019 hingga 2024 digunakan untuk membangun model. Uji Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) menunjukkan data stasioner dengan p-value 0,0. Analisis ACF dan PACF menentukan parameter ARIMA sebagai p=1, d=1, q=1. Model LSTM dilatih untuk menangkap pola data yang lebih kompleks.Prediksi ARIMA untuk 2025, 2026, dan 2027 adalah 3298.66, 3362.33, dan 3371.30. Prediksi LSTM untuk tahun yang sama adalah 3335.64, 3476.52, dan 3518.42. Evaluasi menggunakan Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) menunjukkan ARIMA (RMSE=588.72) lebih akurat daripada LSTM (RMSE=653.96). Meskipun demikian, LSTM memberikan prediksi yang lebih optimis. Studi ini menyimpulkan ARIMA lebih cocok untuk perencanaan jangka pendek, sementara LSTM dapat digunakan untuk strategi jangka panjang yang ambisius.
Kata kunci: arima; LSTM; pendaftar; prediksi; universitas
Abstract:Abstract: Information Technology has impacted various sectors, including education. Learning Management Systems (LMS) are designed to facilitate lecturers and students in accessing academic activities such as online learning.…
ning. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Learning Management Systems (LMS) among higher education institutions in Indonesia. This analysis is crucial for assessing the effectiveness of LMS use by universities in Indonesia, enabling investments in LMS to yield optimal results. The study employed the D&M IS Success Model and PLS-SEM to evaluate the relationships between various variables, including system, information, service quality, user satisfaction, and benefits. Simple random sampling was used to collect data from 170 universities in Indonesia. This study employed PLS-SEM to investigate the observed variables, including validity and reliability testing, which involves assessing reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. This current study found that all the hypotheses were accepted with p-values below 0,05. These findings contribute to universities paying attention to aspects of system, information, and service quality in Learning Management Systems (LMS) to improve user satisfaction and create a positive perception of benefits. Therefore, this research yields significant results that contribute to higher education in Indonesia, as well as the advancement of knowledge in management information systems.
Keywords: delone and mclean; information system success; LMS; SEM-PLS.
Abstrak: Teknologi Informasi telah memengaruhi berbagai sektor, termasuk pendidikan. Learning Management System (LMS) dirancang untuk memfasilitasi dosen dan mahasiswa dalam mengakses kegiatan akademik seperti pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan Learning Management System (LMS) di perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Analisis ini penting untuk menilai sejauh mana efektivitas penggunaan LMS oleh universitas-universitas di Indonesia, sehingga investasi dalam LMS dapat mem-berika n hasil yang optimal.Penelitian ini menggunakan model D&M IS Success Model dan metode PLS-SEM untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara berbagai variabel, termasuk kuali-tas sistem, informasi, layanan, kepuasan pengguna, dan manfaat. Teknik simple random sampling digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dari 170 perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan PLS-SEM untuk mengkaji variabel-variabel yang diamati, ter-masuk pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas, yang mencakup penilaian reliabilitas, validitas konvergen, dan validitas diskriminan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua hipotesis diterima dengan nilai p di bawah 0,05. Temuan ini mendorong universitas untuk memberikan perhatian pada aspek kualitas sistem, informasi, dan layanan dalam penggunaan LMS guna meningkatkan kepuasan pengguna dan menciptakan persepsi posi-tif terhadap manfaatnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memberikan hasil yang signifikan bagi perguruan tinggi di Indonesia serta turut berkontribusi dalam pengembangan ilmu di bidang sistem informasi manajemen.
Kata kunci: delone and mclean; kesuksesan sistem informasi; LMS; SEM-PLS
Abstract:Abstract: The online exam system is used to evaluate student learning, but it has some limitations. Therefore, it is necessary to research the user satisfaction of the system. This study aims to assess user satisfaction…
using the End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS), Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) methods. The results showed that three dimensions, namely, accuracy, ease of use, and timeliness significantly affected user satisfaction, while content and format did not have a significant effect. IPA analysis shows the majority of attributes (12 attributes) are in quadrant II, which indicates moderate satisfaction, 11 attributes in quadrant III, one attribute in quadrant I, and three attributes in quadrant IV. CSI concluded that the online exam system provides satisfactory service with a score of 77.54%.
Keywords: csi; eucs; ipa; online exam system; user satisfaction
Abstrak: Sistem ujian online digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pembelajaran mahasiswa, tetapi sistem ini memiliki beberapa keterbatasan. Karena itulah perlu penelitian kepuasan pengguna sistem tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai kepuasan pengguna dengan menggunakan metode End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS), Importance Performance Analisys (IPA), dan Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). Hasil riset menunjukkan tiga dimensi yaitu, akurasi, kemudahan penggunaan, dan ketepatan waktu signifikan mempengaruhi kepuasan pengguna, sementara konten dan format tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Analisis IPA menunjukkan mayoritas atribut (12 atribut) berada di kuadran II, yang mengindikasikan kepuasan sedang, 11 atribut di kuadran III, satu atribut di kuadran I, dan tiga atribut di kuadran IV. CSI menyimpulkan sistem ujian online memberikan layanan yang memuaskan dengan skor 77,54%.
Kata kunci: csi; eucs; ipa; kepuasan pengguna; sistem ujian online
Abstract:Abstract: The use of e-learning in non-formal education is increasingly important to support the improvement of access to learning, one of which is through the online platform. This study aims to analyze the quality of online…
nline services using WebQual 4.0 and Im-portance Performance Analysis (IPA) methods to evaluate the suitability between user expectations and perceptions. The research method used a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to active users, then analyzed using the WebQual Index to measure the overall quality of the system as well as the IPA to determine improvement priorities. The results showed that the quality of SeTARA Online was relatively good with a WebQual Index value of 0.798. However, there is still a gap between user expectations and satisfaction with a negative gap value of -0.238. The IPA analysis identified indicators in Quadrant I as priority improvements, especially in the aspects of service interaction and information presentation. These findings underscore the need for continuous development of features and technical support to optimize the user experience. The conclusion of this study suggests that there should be improvements in priority indicators to increase user satisfaction, as well as strengthen the effectiveness of online learning. Advanced research can expand variables, compare with other platforms, and combine quantitative and qualitative analysis methods for more comprehensive results.
Keywords: e-learning; importance performance analysis; quality of service; online equivalent; webqual 4.0
Abstract:Abstract: Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP) is government assistance program aimed at supporting the education of underprivileged students. However, some PIP fund recipients are misallocated, with aid given to students who…
do not fully meet the eligibility criteria, while those in greater need don’t receive it, including at SDN 014672 Tanjung Alam, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra Province. Based on this issue, a structured system is needed. The purpose of this study is to construct decision support systems for determining PIP fund recipients using Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) method. Data was collected using questionnaires, documentation, and observation techniques. Respondents consisted of 8 students from SDN 014672 Tanjung Alam. Criteria include number of dependents, homeownership status, attendance rate, and students final grades. System was developed using CodeIgniter 3 as framework, MySQL as database software, and InnoDB as database engine. ARAS method was applied to rank available alternatives. Based on calculations, first rank was obtained by alternative 6 (Malika Hendra As-Syifa), second rank by alternative 7 (Mutia Indah Sari), and third rank by alternative 8 (Rafa Kavindra). This study is expected to be further developed by applying other DSS methods, performing regular system maintenance, and integrating system with school data to improve accuracy and usability.
Keywords: additive ratio assessment; decision support system; smart indonesia program.
Abstrak: Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP) merupakan bantuan pemerintah untuk mendukung pendidikan siswa kurang mampu. Namun, masih ditemukan penerima anggaran PIP yang kurang tepat sasaran, di mana bantuan diberikan kepada siswa yang kurang memenuhi kriteria, sementara siswa yang lebih membutuhkan tidak menerimanya, termasuk di SDN 014672 Tanjung Alam, Kabupaten Asahan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, dibutuhkan sebuah sistem terstruktur. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membangun sistem pendukung keputusan penetapan pemeroleh anggaran PIP menggunakan metode Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS). Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik angket, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Responden adalah 8 siswa SDN 014672 Tanjung Alam. Kriteria meliputi jumlah tanggungan orang tua, status kepemilikan rumah, tingkat kehadiran, dan nilai akhir siswa. Sistem dirancang menggunakan CodeIgniter 3 sebagai framework, MySQL sebagai database software, dan InnoDB sebagai database engine. Perhitungan dengan metode ARAS digunakan untuk merangking alternatif yang ada. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang dilakukan, peringkat pertama diperoleh oleh alternatif 6 yakni Malika Hendra As-Syifa, peringkat kedua diperoleh oleh alternatif 7 yakni Mutia Indah sari, dan peringkat ketiga diperoleh oleh alternatif 8 yakni Rafa Kavindra. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut dengan menerapkan metode Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) lainnya, melakukan pemeliharaan sistem secara berkala, serta mengintegrasikan sistem dengan data sekolah untuk meningkatkan keakuratan dan kemudahan penggunaan.
Kata kunci: additive ratio assessment; program indonesia pintar; sistem pendukung keputusan
Abstract:Abstract: Advancements in digital technology have significantly transformed communication and learning. Traditional learning methods have limitations in providing a fast and interactive learning environment, necessitating…
g accessible technology that enhances student and teacher engagement while ensuring convenience. WhatsApp has emerged as a widely used solution due to its accessibility, privacy features, and cross-platform compatibility, offering users a sense of convenience. This study examines the role of Perceived Convenience in the acceptance and use of WhatsApp in secondary education in Medan City using the UTAUT2 Model. A survey was conducted with 439 respondents from 8 secondary schools in Medan and analyzed using SEM-PLS with SmartPLS-4. The results indicate that social influence, hedonic motivation, habit, and perceived convenience positively impact the intention to use WhatsApp. Additionally, facilitating conditions, perceived convenience, and intention to use significantly influence actual usage behavior. However, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and price value do not affect either intention or behavior in using WhatsApp. Moderating variables such as age, gender, and experience partially moderate the relationships between independent factors and WhatsApp usage intention and behavior. This study contributes by incorporating Perceived Convenience into the UTAUT2 Model and affirming its role in educational technology adoption.
Keywords: perceived convenience; secondary education; UTAUT2; whatsapp
Abstrak: Kemajuan teknologi digital telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam komunikasi dan pembelajaran. Metode pembelajaran tradisional memiliki keterbatasan dalam menyediakan lingkungan belajar yang cepat dan interaktif, sehingga diperlukan teknologi yang mudah diakses, meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dan guru, serta nyaman digunakan. WhatsApp menjadi salah satu solusi dan banyak digunakan karena mudah diakses, privasi yang ditawarkan, serta kompatibilitas lintas platform sehingga memberikan kenyamanan yang dapat dirasakan pengguna ketika menggunakannya. Oleh karena itu, Penelitian ini menguji peran Persepsi Kenyamanan terhadap penerimaan dan penggunaan WhatsApp dalam pendidikan menengah di Kota Medan menggunakan Model UTAUT2. Survei dilakukan pada 439 responden dari 8 sekolah menengah di kota Medan, dan dianalisis dengan SEM-PLS menggunakan SmartPLS-4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa social influence, hedonic motivation, habit, dan perceived convenience berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap behavioral intention. Sementara itu, facilitating conditions, perceived convenience, dan behavioral intention berdampak positif pada use behavior. Namun, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, dan price value tidak berpengaruh terhadap niat maupun perilaku penggunaan WhatsApp. Variabel moderasi usia, jenis kelamin, dan pengalaman memoderasi sebagian hubungan antara faktor bebas terhadap niat dan perilaku penggunaan WhatsApp. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan menambahkan variabel persepsi kenyamanan (perceived convenience) ke dalam Model UTAUT2 dan menegaskan perannya dalam adopsi teknologi pendidikan.
Kata kunci: pendidikan menengah; persepsi kenyamanan; UTAUT2; whatsapp
Abstract:Abstract: The advancement of network security faces growing challenges as cyberattacks become more sophisticated. Traditional rule-based systems struggle with zero-day attacks and obfuscation techniques. This study examines…
nes the development trends of AI-based algo-rithms, particularly machine learning and deep learning, in threat detection. A literature review evaluates AI-driven approaches, including support vector machines, random for-est, deep neural networks, convolutional neural networks, and reinforcement learning. Findings show that AI enhances detection accuracy, adaptability, and reduces false posi-tives. Machine learning efficiently classifies known attacks, while deep learning excels in identifying complex patterns such as distributed denial-of-service and advanced persis-tent threats. Unsupervised learning improves anomaly detection without labeled data. However, AI models require high-quality data, substantial computational resources, and remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Despite these challenges, AI provides a dynam-ic and adaptive security solution, surpassing traditional systems. Future research should enhance AI scalability and resilience for evolving cybersecurity threats.
Keywords: anomaly detection; artificial intelligence; deep learning; machine learning; network security
Abstrak: Perkembangan keamanan jaringan menghadapi tantangan yang semakin besar seiring meningkatnya kompleksitas serangan siber. Sistem berbasis aturan tradisional kesulitan mendeteksi zero-day attack dan teknik penyamaran. Penelitian ini mengkaji tren pengembangan algoritma berbasis AI, khususnya machine learning dan deep learning, dalam deteksi ancaman. Literature review mengevaluasi pendekatan berbasis AI, termasuk support vector machines, random forest, deep neural networks, convolutional neural networks, dan reinforcement learning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AI meningkatkan akurasi deteksi, adaptabilitas terhadap ancaman baru, serta mengurangi false positive. Machine learning efektif mengklasifikasikan serangan yang telah diketahui, sementara deep learning unggul dalam mengenali pola kompleks seperti distributed denial-of-service dan advanced persistent threats. Unsupervised learning meningkatkan deteksi anomali tanpa memerlukan data berlabel. Namun, AI masih bergantung pada data berkualitas tinggi, sumber daya komputasi besar, dan rentan terhadap adversarial attack. Meskipun demikian, AI menawarkan solusi keamanan yang lebih dinamis dan adaptif dibandingkan sistem tradisional. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu difokuskan pada peningkatan skalabilitas dan ketahanan AI dalam menghadapi ancaman siber yang terus berkembang.
Kata kunci: deteksi anomali; jaringan keamanan; kecerdasan buatan; pembelajaran dalam; pembelajaran mesin
Abstract:Abstract: The rapid development of information technology has increased the demand for high-quality software, necessitating a structured development process. ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207:2017 serves as an international standard encompassing…
compassing organizational, technical, and project support processes, differing from ISO 9001, which focuses more generally on quality management. This study employs a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach by integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). AHP determines the weight of ISO 12207:2017 criteria through pairwise comparisons, while TOPSIS ranks software development activities based on these weights. To validate the results, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is applied. The findings indicate that the Software Requirements Definition Process has the highest priority weight (0.169), followed by Implementation (0.101) and Operation (0.095). Software Configuration Management is identified as the most critical activity with the highest TOPSIS score (0.221). ANOVA confirms the reliability of expert evaluations, showing no significant differences. This study provides a structured decision-making framework based on ISO 12207:2017, helping optimize software project management while ensuring alignment with international standards and industry best practices.
Keywords: AHP; TOPSIS; ANOVA; ISO 12207:2017
Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi informasi meningkatkan permintaan perangkat lunak berkualitas tinggi, sehingga diperlukan proses terstruktur dalam pengembangannya. ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207:2017 menjadi standar internasional yang mencakup proses organisasi, teknis, dan pendukung proyek, berbeda dengan ISO 9001 yang lebih umum pada manajemen kualitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) dengan mengintegrasikan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). AHP menentukan bobot kriteria ISO 12207:2017 melalui perbandingan berpasangan, sementara TOPSIS memeringkat aktivitas pengembangan berdasarkan bobot tersebut. Untuk validasi, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) diterapkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Proses Definisi Kebutuhan Perangkat Lunak memiliki bobot tertinggi (0,169), diikuti Implementasi (0,101), dan Operasi (0,095). Manajemen Konfigurasi Perangkat Lunak menjadi aktivitas paling kritis dengan skor TOPSIS tertinggi (0,221). ANOVA mengonfirmasi keandalan penilaian para ahli tanpa perbedaan signifikan. Penelitian ini memberikan kerangka kerja pengambilan keputusan berbasis ISO 12207:2017, membantu optimalisasi manajemen proyek perangkat lunak, serta memastikan keselarasan dengan standar internasional dan praktek terbaik industri.
Kata kunci: AHP; TOPSIS; ANOVA; ISO 12207:2017
Abstract:Abstract: Face detection remains a challenging task in computer vision due to real-world factors such as uneven lighting, varying viewpoints, distance, and occlusion. This study aims to develop and evaluate a real-time facial…
acial feature detection application (detecting face, eyes, nose, and mouth) using MATLAB and a webcam. Detection is performed using the Viola-Jones Cascade Classifier method through the vision.CascadeObjectDetector function. Key parameters that were adjusted include the MergeThreshold (ranging from 4 to 50 depending on the feature) and MinSize (based on estimated feature size within the frame). However, this study does not include tuning of other parameters such as FalseAlarmRate, which constitutes a limitation of the employed method. The adjustment of these parameters proved significant in improving detection accuracy and robustness under varying lighting conditions. Nevertheless, the system still encounters difficulties in detecting facial features in the presence of occlusion. This study also has the potential to serve as a foundation for further developments in face recognition, emotion detection, or biometric authentication.
Keywords: computer vision; haar cascade; MATLAB
Abstrak: Deteksi wajah merupakan tantangan dalam visi komputer karena dipengaruhi oleh kondisi nyata seperti pencahayaan tidak merata, sudut pandang, jarak, dan obstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menguji aplikasi deteksi fitur wajah secara real-time (wajah, mata, hidung, dan mulut) menggunakan MATLAB dan kamera webcam. Deteksi dilakukan dengan metode Viola-Jones Cascade Classifier melalui fungsi vision.CascadeObjectDetector. Parameter penting yang disesuaikan adalah MergeThreshold (antara 4 hingga 50 tergantung fitur), MinSize (mengikuti estimasi ukuran fitur dalam frame). Namun, penelitian ini tidak mencakup penyesuaian parameter lain seperti FalseAlarmRate, yang menjadi salah satu keterbatasan metode yang digunakan. Penyesuaian parameter ini terbukti signifikan dalam meningkatkan akurasi deteksi dan ketahanan terhadap variasi kondisi pencahayaan. Namun, sistem masih mengalami kesulitan mendeteksi fitur wajah jika terjadi obstruksi. Penelitian ini juga berpotensi menjadi dasar untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut dalam face recognition, emotion detection, atau biometric authentication.
Kata kunci: visi computer; haar cascade; MATLAB