Abstract:The aim of this research is to evaluate the PBB P2 acceptance procedures at the Merauke Regency Bapenda based on the government's internal control system policy. The type of research used is qualitative research with a…
descriptive approach and data obtained through interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that internal control at the Regional Revenue Agency of Merauke Regency in the procedures for receiving Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax is implemented well because there are several components that are optimal, namely in the control environment where the registration, data collection and functional human resources are there so that there are multiple tasks. , risk assessment where the Merauke Regency Bapenda is still carrying out passive data collection due to a lack of functional assessors, and a lack of monitoring of PBB P2 collection which has not fully carried out direct monitoring of taxpayers so that there are still many taxpayers who have not carried out their obligations in paying PBB P2. In other cases, officers have not implemented the SOP in implementing the PBB P2 collection system. It cannot be denied that this is very important for tax officers and taxpayers to follow in order to ensure that the PBB collection process runs smoothly and transparently in accordance with the provisions of the applicable laws and regulations.
Abstract:Twenty-first-century education requires students to possess critical thinking abilities and science process skills in order to respond to the advancement of science and technology and to solve problems scientifically and…
systematically. Empirical conditions in schools indicate that junior high school students’ critical thinking skills remain relatively low because science learning is still predominantly teacher-centered and insufficiently engages students in scientific investigation activities. This study aimed to determine the relationship between science process skills and the critical thinking skills of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri Tindaret on the topic of the human excretory system. The study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational research design. The research sample consisted of 25 students selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using a critical thinking skills test and an observation sheet assessing science process skills. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and the Pearson Product-Moment correlation test. The findings revealed that students’ critical thinking skills obtained a mean score of 75.80, while science process skills achieved a mean score of 73.00, both categorized as fairly good to high. The correlation analysis produced a coefficient value of 0.732 with a significance level of 0.000, indicating a strong and significant positive relationship between science process skills and students’ critical thinking skills. The findings further demonstrated that students who actively engaged in observation, experimentation, data processing, and scientific communication exhibited better analytical abilities and conclusion-drawing skills. The novelty of this study lies in revealing the empirical relationship between science process skills and critical thinking skills specifically in the topic of the human excretory system at SMP Negeri Tindaret, as well as in providing recommendations for science learning based on scientific investigation to strengthen students’ higher-order thinking skills in the twenty-first century.
Abstract:Educational program evaluation serves as a strategic element to ensure the improvement of learning quality at the elementary school level, particularly as schools are required to be adaptive to students’ diverse learning…
ng needs. A major issue frequently encountered is teachers’ limited capacity to implement evaluation models that are simple, sustainable, and relevant as a basis for instructional decision-making. This study aims to analyze the application of simple evaluation through formative and summative approaches as a systematic effort to enhance the quality of learning in elementary schools. The formative approach is employed throughout the instructional process to provide immediate feedback, identify students’ learning difficulties, and adjust teaching strategies in real time, while the summative approach is applied at the end of the instructional period to assess the level of goal attainment and the overall effectiveness of the program. The findings indicate that a balanced implementation of both approaches enables teachers to design learning activities that are more responsive, measurable, and oriented toward continuous improvement. Practically designed simple evaluations also encourage teachers to take an active role as controllers of learning quality rather than merely as curriculum implementers. The conclusion of this study confirms that the integration of formative and summative evaluation in a simple yet systematic manner effectively improves learning quality while strengthening a reflective culture in elementary school settings. The novelty of this study lies in its emphasis on an evaluation model that is easy to apply, contextual, and oriented toward teachers’ daily pedagogical decision-making, thereby offering a practical alternative for elementary schools with limited formal evaluation resources.
Abstract:Educational program evaluation is understood as a systematic process that functions to assess the level of goal attainment, implementation effectiveness, resource-use efficiency, relevance to stakeholder needs, and sustainability…
inability of educational programs. This article originates from the issue of the limited use of comprehensive evaluation as a basis for educational decision-making, which causes evaluation to be frequently perceived merely as the measurement of learning outcomes. The research problem focuses on how the concepts, functions, and models of educational program evaluation can be comprehensively and applicatively understood based on experts’ perspectives. This study elaborates the ideas of Ralph Tyler, Cronbach, and Stufflebeam, who emphasize evaluation as a provider of meaningful information, a means of identifying program strengths and weaknesses, and a foundation for continuous improvement. The research method employs a literature study by reviewing books, scientific articles, and relevant journals discussing educational evaluation. The findings indicate that evaluation serves a formative function for continuous quality improvement and a summative function as a form of public accountability, encompassing aspects of policy, curriculum, learning processes, learning outcomes, and educational resource management. Various evaluation models, such as CIPP, Provus, Stake, Kirkpatrick, and the Logical Model, are identified as systematic frameworks that are complementary and contextual for application according to program needs. The conclusion confirms that educational program evaluation plays a strategic role in improving learning quality through planned measurement processes, the provision of accurate feedback, and data-based program adjustments. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive synthesis of evaluation concepts, functions, and models, presented integratively as a conceptual–practical guide for policymakers and educational practitioners, positioning evaluation not merely as an administrative activity but as an instrument for sustainable educational quality development.
Abstract:Differentiated Instruction (DI) has become a pedagogical approach promoted in the Independent Curriculum (Curriculum Merdeka) as a strategy to address the diverse learning needs of students. However, implementation in the…
e field shows a gap between the expected ideals and the realities faced by teachers. This gap between ideals and realities in the field is one of the issues that needs to be researched and assessed so that teachers' readiness as differentiated learning instructors receives attention and can be improved. This study aims to analyze literature related to teacher readiness in implementing differentiated learning in Indonesia. This study uses a literature review approach by reviewing 10 relevant national journals. The 10 national journals represent the results of research conducted in various schools in Indonesia, where these schools have implemented differentiated learning. The results of this descriptive research indicate that most teachers are still in the early stages of understanding differentiated learning and face implementation challenges that include limited training, homogenous learning needs, and suboptimal system support. Thus, the need for teacher readiness in implementing differentiated learning is still far from optimal. In this case, not only teachers are required to be able to carry out their duties in implementing differentiated learning optimally, but related parties in the education sector should also contribute significantly to promoting teacher readiness. The definition of readiness is not only focused on teachers, but as teachers carry out their primary duties as educators, primary readiness is the foundation that teachers must possess. Therefore, a redefinition of the meaning of teacher readiness is needed, which is not only seen from the aspect of individual abilities, but also as part of an educational system that supports structurally, culturally, and professionally.
Abstract:Differentiated instruction is a pedagogical approach aimed at addressing the individual needs of students by adapting teaching strategies based on differences in ability, interests, and learning styles. This approach is…
increasingly relevant in the context of junior high schools, where classroom diversity necessitates more adaptive and inclusive teaching methods. This study aims to analyze the implementation of differentiated instruction in Social Studies subjects and assess its contribution to the quality of both the learning process and its outcomes. The method employed is a systematic literature review, identifying and analyzing scholarly articles obtained through the Publish or Perish software, which utilizes Google Scholar, focusing on publications from 2016 to 2025. The findings indicate that the application of differentiated instruction has a significantly positive impact on enhancing student engagement, academic achievement, the development of critical thinking skills, and a deeper understanding of concepts in Social Studies. This approach also succeeds in fostering an inclusive, adaptive, and participatory learning environment that encourages intrinsic motivation and boosts students’ self-confidence. The study emphasizes that the success of differentiated instruction heavily depends on teachers' ability to design and implement data-driven, responsive teaching strategies tailored to each student's needs. These findings are expected to serve as practical guidance for teachers in developing more effective instruction, enrich the academic discourse in the field of differentiated pedagogy, and contribute to the formulation of education policies that support diversity and equity in junior high school learning processes.
Abstract:This study aims to analyze the management of madrasah principals in developing human resources in Madrasah Aliyah in Jambi Province. Effective human resource development is very important to improve the quality of education…
ion and madrasah operations. This study uses a qualitative approach with field research methods, through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation of several madrasah principals in various Madrasah Aliyah in Jambi Province. The results of the study indicate that the strategies implemented by madrasah principals include teacher professional development through ongoing training, regular performance assessments, and the creation of a collaborative and innovative work environment. Madrasah principals also pay attention to the welfare of teachers and staff by providing adequate support, both financially and non-financially. Challenges faced include budget constraints and lack of access to external professional training. In conclusion, good madrasah principal management plays an important role in developing quality HR, which has a direct impact on improving the quality of education in Madrasah Aliyah in Jambi.
Abstract:The objective of this research is to assess the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in enhancing students achievement and active participation in Grade VIII at SMP Negeri 172 Jakarta in the Social Studies…
dies subject. This research is based on the importance of preparing students for the challenges of the 21st century, which require critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills. The method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with 35 students from class VIII-3 as participants. There are two cycles in this study, consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection phases. In the first cycle, although PBL was implemented, only 43% of students scored above the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM) of 80, with an average score of 71. Additionally, their activeness in asking questions, answering, expressing opinions, and solving problems was still low. Reflection indicated that students needed time to adapt to PBL and required more motivation from the teacher. In the second cycle, after improvements were made, there was a significant increase. As many as 89% of students scored above the KKM of 80, with an average score of 88. Student activeness also increased with more active participation in class activities. This shows that students better understood and adapted to the PBL model and received better encouragement from the teacher. In conclusion, the implementation of the PBL model is effective in improving students achievement and active participation in the Social Studies subject at SMP Negeri 172 Jakarta. This is evidenced by the significant increase in students average scores and their active participation in learning. The PBL model is capable of stimulating students critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills, as well as enhancing their engagement in learning, creating a more conducive and efficient environment for achieving educational goals.
Abstract:The issue of the environment has become a major concern globally. Environmental literacy plays a crucial role in empowering individuals to address current environmental challenges. To assess the level of environmental literacy…
teracy among students, this research focused on evaluating the abilities of students at SMP Negeri 158 Jakarta, a school committed to the Adiwiyata program. The study employed a descriptive approach involving 62 eighth-grade students as research subjects. Data were collected through a series of interviews, questionnaires, and tests. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical analysis methods, assessing scores for each environmental literacy indicator. The research findings indicated that the majority of students demonstrated a moderate level of environmental literacy in cognitive indicators, reaching 48%. Meanwhile, the affective indicators showed that the majority of students were in the high category, at 56%. For behavioral indicators, the majority of students were in the moderate category, reaching 76%. The school continues to strive to improve students' environmental literacy as part of efforts to cultivate behaviors that reflect care and awareness for the environment. These actions aim to shape students with a strong and sustainable environmental culture.
Abstract:This research aims to assess the content validity of the instrument used to measure Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) in prospective chemistry teachers. The evaluation encompasses a thorough analysis of…
the instrument's alignment with the knowledge domains being measured, ensuring that the instrument covers key aspects of TPACK that are relevant to the context of teaching chemistry. Content validity reflects the representation and relevance of a set of items used to measure a concept carried out through rational analysis of the contents of the test through an expert panel assessment. This validity refers to the accuracy of the measurement based on the contents of the instrument to ensure that the scale of the items used has fulfilled the entire concept of the item or the suitability of the item. The instrument used in this study was assessed by nine validators consisting of two chemistry education experts and seven chemistry teachers. The assessment is done by determining the appropriateness or relevance of the test contents to be used through rational analysis by a competent panel or through expert judgment. The instrument validations in this study were 20 multiple choice questions. The assessment is done by giving a score of 1-4 on each item. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using Rasch model analysis. The analysis showed that the exact agreement was 71.4% and the expected agreement was 73.8%. Based on measurements showing relevant items in this research instrument, there are 17, among others number 1, 10, 11, 14, 5, 8, 19, 20, 18, 3, 6, 12, 13, 15, 17, 4 and 9. While there are 3 items that are irrelevant and need to be corrected, including number 16, 2 and 7.