Abstract:The pastor plays various important roles in the congregation, such as preacher, teacher, priest, administrator, and counselor. Among all these roles, the counselor holds the greatest responsibility. The task of pastoral…
counseling includes providing emotional and spiritual support to the congregation. In addition to helping the congregation overcome emotional, mental, and spiritual issues, counseling also assists them in discovering their identity, life calling, and potential, so that they can develop holistically in life. Pastoral counseling is a form of interpersonal communication that requires the pastor to have good communication skills. The ability to build strong relationships with the congregation significantly influences their spiritual development. Additionally, empathy and compassion are qualities that pastors must possess to support their interpersonal skills. Diagnostic skills are also crucial for a pastoral counselor. With these skills, the counselor can identify the problems faced by the congregation and provide assistance or refer them for further treatment. Interpersonal skills help build open relationships, while diagnostic abilities are essential in identifying the root causes of the congregation's issues. In the diagnostic process, assessment and interpretation skills are vital to understanding the congregation's problems comprehensively—emotionally, mentally, socially, culturally, and spiritually—so that the solutions provided can be effective and accurate. Pastoral counseling plays a significant role in supporting the growth of faith and overall well-being of the congregation.
Abstract:Market manipulation practices in the Indonesian capital market have the potential to harm investors, distort fair price formation, and undermine market integrity. These conditions require effective supervision by the Financial…
ancial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan—OJK) as the institution authorized to regulate and supervise capital market activities. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing OJK's supervision of market manipulation practices, assess the effectiveness of its implementation, and identify the factors influencing the success of such supervision. This study employed a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Legal materials were collected through library research and analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that OJK's supervisory authority is supported by a strong legal framework under Law Number 8 of 1995 concerning the Capital Market and Law Number 21 of 2011 concerning the Financial Services Authority. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of supervision continues to face challenges arising from technological developments, the increasing complexity of market manipulation schemes, and limitations in supervisory capacity. This study concludes that strengthening institutional capacity, optimizing the use of technology, and enhancing inter-agency coordination are essential to improving investor protection and maintaining the integrity of the capital market. The novelty of this study lies in its integrated analysis of the legal framework, supervisory effectiveness, and technology-based market manipulation challenges within a single analytical framework.
Abstract:The advancement of digital technology has encouraged the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in online counseling services to enhance the accessibility and quality of mental health care. The emergence of AI through…
chatbots, virtual counselors, and digital mental health platforms presents various opportunities, challenges, and ethical implications that require comprehensive examination. This study aims to analyze the opportunities offered by AI, the challenges associated with its implementation, and the ethical implications of its use in online counseling services. The study employed a literature review method with a qualitative approach, examining 15 scientific articles published between 2016 and 2026. Data were analyzed using content analysis through the synthesis of findings from previous studies. The results indicate that AI has the potential to expand access to counseling services, improve service efficiency, support preliminary assessments, and facilitate the delivery of more personalized and data-driven interventions. However, the use of AI continues to face several challenges, including limitations in understanding human emotions and social contexts, the risk of inaccurate responses, algorithmic bias, and the potential for user dependency on technology. The most prominent ethical concerns involve privacy protection, data security, algorithmic transparency, system accountability, and professional responsibility. This study concludes that AI is more appropriately positioned as a supportive tool or co-counselor for professional counselors rather than a replacement for human practitioners. The novelty of this study lies in its integration of the opportunities, challenges, and ethical implications of AI into a comprehensive analytical framework.
Abstract:Generation Z faces increasingly intense competition in the labor market; however, many individuals continue to encounter difficulties during job interviews due to limited experience, low self-confidence, and insufficient…
professional communication skills. This study aims to analyze the implementation of job interview simulations and examine their impact on the job readiness of Generation Z in Bandung City. The study employed a descriptive-evaluative method involving 45 Generation Z participants. Data were collected through observation, performance assessments, documentation, and participant feedback. The findings indicate that job interview simulations effectively enhanced participants’ readiness, as evidenced by 85% of participants reporting that they felt highly prepared and confident, while the remaining 15% reported feeling prepared and confident after completing the program. Interviewers’ evaluations revealed that 70% of participants demonstrated a very good improvement in their ability to respond to interview questions, 18% showed good improvement, and 12% exhibited fairly good improvement. Participant satisfaction with the program was also notably high, with 77% reporting being very satisfied, 15% satisfied, and 8% fairly satisfied with the implementation of the activity. The results confirm that job interview simulations are effective in improving participants’ self-confidence, communication competence, and overall job readiness. The novelty of this study lies in the application of interview simulations based on authentic recruitment scenarios, evaluated through the dimensions of job readiness, communication competence, and participant satisfaction, thereby offering a practical career development model for Generation Z.
Abstract:The advancement of digital technology has accelerated the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in e-counseling services to address the growing demand for mental health support in the digital era. The increasing number…
r of clients, counselors’ limited availability, and the challenges associated with conducting psychological assessments through online platforms have created a pressing need for innovative solutions. This study aims to examine the role of AI as a co-counselor, evaluate the effectiveness of its integration into e-counseling practices, and identify the challenges associated with its implementation. The study employed a Narrative Literature Review method by critically analyzing relevant scholarly publications. The findings indicate that AI functions as a collaborative partner that assists counselors in assessment processes, data analysis, emotion detection, service documentation, and the continuous monitoring of clients’ psychological conditions. The integration of AI has been shown to enhance the efficiency, accessibility, and overall quality of digital counseling services. However, its implementation continues to face significant challenges related to data privacy, information security, algorithmic bias, and limitations in understanding cultural contexts and human empathy. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive conceptualization of AI as a co-counselor that supports the entire e-counseling service cycle through a collaborative model integrating the analytical capabilities of technology with the humanistic competencies of counselors, thereby fostering more effective, ethical, and inclusive counseling services.
Abstract:The advancement of digital technology has accelerated the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in e-counseling services to enhance the accessibility and efficiency of psychological support. While offering numerous benefits,…
nefits, the use of AI also presents challenges related to the quality of therapeutic relationships, privacy, data security, and ethical considerations. This study aims to analyze the role of AI, its impacts, and the ethical challenges emerging in e-counseling services through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Data were collected from Google Scholar, GARUDA, ScienceDirect, SAGE Journals, and Crossref, covering publications from 2018 to 2026. The review of 13 selected articles revealed that AI serves as a supportive tool through chatbots, data analytics, preliminary assessments, and automated response systems that help expand access to counseling services and improve service responsiveness. The implementation of AI contributes positively by increasing efficiency and accessibility; however, it remains limited in understanding emotions, demonstrating empathy, and comprehending clients’ psychological contexts. The findings also indicate that privacy, data security, algorithmic transparency, and accountability constitute the primary ethical challenges that require careful attention. This study concludes that AI is more appropriately positioned as a complement to counselors rather than a substitute for human counselors. The novelty of this study lies in its integrated analysis of the roles, impacts, and ethical challenges of AI within a single framework, thereby providing a more comprehensive understanding of the development of e-counseling based on collaborative interaction between technology and professional counselors.
Abstract:Modern volleyball requires complex physical capacities, particularly explosive power and match-specific endurance that are closely associated with the performance of anaerobic and aerobic energy systems. Increasing performance…
rmance demands indicate that training programs alone are insufficient to produce optimal athletic performance; therefore, sports nutrition strategies become a crucial component in supporting athletes’ physiological adaptation processes. The research problem addresses how sports nutrition contributes effectively to improving the power and endurance of volleyball athletes based on recent scientific evidence. This study aims to systematically analyze the contribution of sports nutrition to enhancing the physical capacity of volleyball athletes through a scientific literature review approach. The research method employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA framework to examine articles indexed in Scopus and SINTA published between 2015 and 2024. The identification process yielded 312 articles, followed by a rigorous screening and eligibility assessment that resulted in 22 articles meeting the inclusion criteria, with 10 core studies analyzed in depth to obtain a synthesis of relevant scientific findings. The results indicate that carbohydrate periodization of 6-8 g/kg body weight per day contributes to an improvement in vertical jump performance by approximately 3-6%, while optimal protein intake of 1.6-2.2 g/kg body weight per day increases peak power by about 4-8%. Creatine monohydrate supplementation of 3-5 g per day has been shown to enhance explosive power by 5-12%, whereas beta-alanine supplementation improves anaerobic work capacity by 8-14%. Hydration strategies and carbohydrate regulation also contribute to an increase in VO₂max by 2-5% and reduce the fatigue index by 6-10%. The findings confirm that sports nutrition functions as an essential mediator between training stimuli and the neuromuscular as well as metabolic adaptation responses of athletes. The novelty of this study lies in its conceptual synthesis that positions nutritional periodization as an evidence-based integrative strategy for sustainably optimizing the power and endurance of volleyball athletes.
Abstract:Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a serious challenge to child health because it is associated with impaired physical growth, cognitive development, and the quality of human resources in the future.…
This condition is influenced by inadequate nutritional intake, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life, which plays a critical role in determining the quality of child growth. Exclusive breastfeeding is considered an important factor that contributes to meeting nutritional needs and strengthening the immune system of children. The research problem focuses on the relationship between breastfeeding practices and the degree of stunting among children aged 1-5 years in the working area of Sempol Community Health Center, Bondowoso Regency, in 2025. The study employed a quantitative approach using an analytic survey design with a population consisting of all stunted toddlers in the area. A sample of 75 respondents was selected using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation sheets that assessed breastfeeding practices and the level of stunting based on the height-for-age (HFA) indicator. The results show that 72% of children received exclusive breastfeeding, while the remainder received partial breastfeeding or were not exclusively breastfed. The distribution of stunting severity indicates that 57.3% of children experienced mild stunting, 34.7% moderate stunting, and 8% severe stunting. The Chi-Square statistical test produced a p-value of 0.003 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between breastfeeding practices and the degree of stunting. These findings demonstrate that the nutritional quality and antibodies contained in breast milk play an important role in supporting optimal child height growth. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of the relationship between breastfeeding practices and the severity of stunting within the specific context of a local community health center area that has rarely been examined in detail. The findings emphasize the importance of health education for mothers and strong family support to strengthen exclusive breastfeeding practices as a strategic effort to prevent stunting.
Abstract:Indonesian Migrant Workers constitute a labor group that makes a significant contribution to the national economy through remittances, particularly from regions with high migration intensity such as East Nusa Tenggara Province;…
ovince; however, the strong public interest in working abroad is often not accompanied by adequate understanding of safe migration procedures, protection mechanisms, and the rights and obligations of migrant workers. This condition has led to serious problems, including the increasing number of non-procedural migrant workers, deportation cases, and vulnerability to human trafficking crimes, indicating an information and communication gap between migrant worker protection institutions and prospective migrant workers. This study aims to analyze the communication strategies implemented by the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Service Center of East Nusa Tenggara Province in enhancing public awareness of migrant workers’ rights. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method was employed to provide an in-depth portrayal of the communication practices carried out by the institution, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observation of socialization activities, and documentation studies. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, while the conceptual analytical framework was based on the Shannon–Weaver Two-Way Communication Model to assess message delivery effectiveness, communication channels, message recipients, and feedback mechanisms. The findings indicate that the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Service Center of East Nusa Tenggara Province has implemented various communication strategies, including direct community outreach, pre-departure orientation, the use of visual and audio media, and cross-sector collaboration with local governments and community leaders. Although these strategies contribute to increasing public knowledge regarding migration procedures and migrant workers’ rights, their effectiveness remains constrained by low literacy levels, challenging geographical conditions, and weak feedback mechanisms from target communities. The study concludes that strengthening dialogic and participatory communication, simplifying messages to improve comprehensibility, and adapting communication media to local cultural contexts are essential for improving migrant worker protection. The novelty of this study lies in integrating a two-way communication model with the socio-cultural context of East Nusa Tenggara as a basis for formulating more contextual, adaptive, and community-empowering communication strategies for migrant worker protection.
Abstract:Stock prices represent the market’s consensus regarding the fair value of a business entity, formed through a rational assessment of both financial and non-financial information. Within the frameworks of signaling theory…
ry and market efficiency, financial ratios serve as fundamental indicators reflecting a company's ability to generate profit, manage assets, and maintain short-term liquidity stability. When the market faces systemic disruptions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and transitions toward post-pandemic normalization, investor sensitivity to internal indicators tends to increase due to heightened external uncertainty. Consequently, a deep understanding of the internal determinants of stock prices becomes increasingly critical for data-driven investment decision-making. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of the Current Ratio (CR), Return on Assets (ROA), and Total Asset Turnover (TATO) on stock prices, both partially and simultaneously, in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020-2024 period. A quantitative approach was employed, using a descriptive-verificative design and secondary data drawn from audited financial statements and annual closing stock prices. The sample consisted of 91 companies selected through purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 27. The analysis results indicate that all three independent variables have a positive and significant impact on stock prices, both individually and collectively. This study contributes to the capital market literature by highlighting the relevance of financial ratios in explaining stock price fluctuations in the post-pandemic period, a topic that remains underexplored in the context of developing countries.