Abstract:Suffering constitutes an inseparable aspect of the faith journey of believers; however, this reality is frequently misunderstood as a sign of divine punishment or spiritual failure. Such a perception has been further reinforced…
nforced by the influence of prosperity theology, which emphasizes material success, life comfort, and the absence of suffering as indicators of genuine faith. This situation raises a significant theological concern regarding how believers should properly understand and respond to suffering based on the testimony of Scripture. This study aims to examine the attitude that believers should adopt when facing suffering according to 1 Peter 4:12-19 and to elucidate the theological significance of suffering for the Christian life of faith. A qualitative approach employing a biblical–exegetical method is utilized to analyze the text through an examination of its historical, literary, and theological contexts. Data were collected through a literature review of the Bible, biblical commentaries, theological works, and relevant academic journal articles in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the theological message conveyed by the Apostle Peter. The findings indicate that suffering experienced by believers is neither unexpected nor contradictory to faith but rather an integral component of the calling to follow Christ. The Petrine epistle emphasizes that suffering functions as a means of refining faith, a form of participation in the sufferings of Christ, and an opportunity to glorify God through steadfast faithfulness. Believers are therefore called to respond to suffering with spiritual joy, perseverance in faith, and wholehearted trust in the faithful will of God. The study concludes that suffering possesses profound theological significance that shapes spiritual maturity and deepens one’s relationship with Christ. The novelty of this research lies in its reaffirmation of the biblical perspective on suffering as a constructive element of the Christian life, challenging the paradigm of prosperity theology while enriching pastoral understanding of faithful responses to suffering.
Abstract:Tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji kehadiran Allah dalam pengalaman profetik Elia di 1 Raja-raja 19 melalui pendekatan teologis-naratif. Latar belakang penelitian ini muncul dari persoalan krusial: mengapa Elia mengalami keputusasaan…
utusasaan spiritual yang mendalam setelah kemenangan besar di Gunung Karmel, dan bagaimana Allah meresponsnya? Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kehadiran Allah dinyatakan tidak melalui manifestasi spektakuler seperti api atau gempa, tetapi dalam "suara sepi yang lembut" yang bersifat personal dan pemulih. Kebaruan kajian ini terletak pada penekanan naratif-teologis bahwa kehadiran Allah justru paling nyata dalam keheningan dan kesendirian batin, bukan hanya dalam tindakan-tindakan mujizat. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menawarkan suatu pemahaman alternatif mengenai cara Allah menyatakan diri dalam konteks penderitaan, trauma, dan krisis iman profetik.
Abstract:The use of the phrase “sit with Me on My throne” has long been debated among scholars regarding whether it should be understood literally or symbolically. Textual analysis of Revelation 3:21 shows that the word “sit” (kathízō,…
t” (kathízō, καθίζω) carries an important meaning in the Book of Revelation. It not only refers to the physical act of sitting but also contains a symbolic aspect: participation in divine authority and governance. This study applies the historical-grammatical method of exegesis to explore the true meaning of this phrase and its relevance to the spiritual life of Christians today. This method focuses on the historical and grammatical context of Revelation 3:21. The findings show that Christ’s promise to those who overcome is not merely about future heavenly honor but also an invitation to share in His mission, authority, and glory. The phrase signifies the restoration of identity and covenantal fellowship between Christ and the victorious believers. It reflects Christ’s exaltation by the Father and shows that the “throne” is not only a symbol of power but also a theological image of shared rule and divine communion. This study affirms that the concept of “sitting with Christ” offers both eschatological hope and present spiritual empowerment. The theology of victory in Revelation encourages perseverance and faithfulness, placing believers within the narrative of divine triumph. Thus, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of New Testament eschatology, Christian discipleship, and the believer’s role in God’s redemptive plan. Revelation 3:21 is a message of promise, restoration, and identity where participation in Christ’s reign is both a future hope and a present reality.
Abstract:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami peran penting pendidikan disiplin dalam pembentukan tabiat dan karakter pada anak-anak melalui penggunaan metode kualitatif studi literatur. Dalam upaya untuk mengeksplorasi konsep,…
, teori, dan temuan yang ada dalam literatur terkait, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi trend dan temuan terkini, serta membangun kerangka konseptual yang mendalam tentang hubungan antara pendidikan disiplin, pembentukan karakter, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi penting dalam pendidikan anak-anak, baik dalam konteks pendidikan formal maupun informal. Hasil studi literatur ini akan menjadi dasar penting untuk pengembangan pertanyaan penelitian yang lebih spesifik dan pengembangan pendekatan penelitian yang lebih terfokus dalam upaya kami untuk memahami peran pendidikan disiplin dalam membentuk karakter dan tabiat anak-anak. Kesimpulannya, penelitian ini membangun landasan yang kuat untuk penelitian lanjutan dalam upaya untuk mendidik anak-anak menjadi individu yang berdisiplin, bertanggung jawab, dan memiliki karakter yang kuat, sehingga dapat menghadapi tantangan di masa depan dengan lebih baik.
Abstract:Allah selalu rindu hadir di dekat dengan umat-Nya. Hal ini dapat terlihat melalui adanya Bait Suci di Tengah-tengah umat-Nya. Penelitian ini merupakan eksplorasi mendalam terhadap Mezbah Pembakaran Ukupan dalam Bait Suci,…
, sebagaimana yang dijabarkan dalam Ibrani 9:4. Mezbah ini bukan hanya elemen fisik dalam peribadatan, melainkan juga simbol yang sarat makna dalam upaya manusia mendekati Allah. Dalam konteks ritual persembahan dan penyembahan, Mezbah ini memiliki peran kunci yang mencerminkan harapan, pengampunan, dan penyucian. Analisis data arkeologi dan sejarah mendukung keberadaan dan peran Mezbah ini sesuai dengan deskripsi dalam Alkitab. Tujuan penelitian ini menyediakan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang praktik peribadatan, serta memberikan wawasan tentang keyakinan dan pengalaman spiritual masyarakat Yahudi kuno, memperkuat relevansi mezbah pembakaran ukupan dalam pemahaman agama.
Abstract:Jamur makroskopis berperan penting sebagai dekomposer dalam ekosistem hutan, namun data morfologinya di kawasan hutan kampus masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan karakteristik morfologi…
fologi jamur makroskopis pada substrat serasah daun di kawasan hutan UIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui teknik purposive sampling pada tiga stasiun pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menemukan enam morfotipe jamur, yaitu Leucocoprinus sp., Clavulina sp., Marasmius sp. (dua morfotipe), Mycena sp., dan Coltricia sp. Variasi morfologi meliputi bentuk, warna, tekstur tudung, karakteristik stipe, dan tipe himenofor sebagai bentuk adaptasi terhadap mikrohabitat serasah daun. Penelitian ini menyediakan data dasar keanekaragaman jamur lokal serta menunjukkan potensi biodiversitas jamur di kawasan hutan kampus.
Macroscopic fungi play an important role as decomposers in forest ecosystems, yet information on their morphology in campus forests remains limited. This study aimed to identify and describe the morphological characteristics of macroscopic fungi growing on leaf litter in the forest area of UIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. A descriptive exploratory method with a qualitative approach and purposive sampling was employed. Six fungal morphotypes were identified: Leucocoprinus sp., Clavulina sp., Marasmius sp. (two morphotypes), Mycena sp., and Coltricia sp. Morphological variations included cap shape, color, texture, stipe characteristics, and hymenophore type, reflecting adaptation to leaf litter microhabitats. The findings provide baseline data on local fungal biodiversity and demonstrate the biodiversity potential of the campus forest.
Abstract:Electrical installations in school buildings play a vital role in ensuring safety, comfort, and effective learning environments and therefore must comply with the General Requirements for Electrical Installations (PUIL).…
This study aims to analyze the electrical installation condition of SDN 002 Bontang Utara through the evaluation of lighting systems, power requirements, conductors, protection systems, and air conditioning based on PUIL 2011 standards and DIALux simulation. The study employed a field research method with a quantitative descriptive approach through observation, technical measurements, documentation, and lighting simulation analysis. The findings indicate that the school’s electrical installation still exhibits several discrepancies with actual technical requirements, particularly regarding the number and capacity of lamps, air conditioner capacity, and electrical power demand. DIALux simulation revealed that several rooms have not yet met the required lighting standards, while power analysis demonstrated that the actual demand of 25,794 VA exceeds the installed capacity of 22,188.8 VA, thereby necessitating adjustments to the protection and conductor systems to enhance installation safety and efficiency. The study concludes that the electrical installation of SDN 002 Bontang Utara requires improvements in lighting, cooling systems, power capacity, and electrical protection. The novelty of this research lies in its integrated evaluation of elementary school electrical installations through field analysis, PUIL 2011 technical calculations, and DIALux simulations across rooms with diverse functions, thereby producing more comprehensive and applicable recommendations.
Abstract:This study examines the enforcement of criminal law in relation to the offense of aggravated theft as adjudicated in the District Court Decision of Amlapura No. 60/PID.B/2024/PN Amlapura, wherein the Defendant, Jana alias…
s Tobi, was found legally and convincingly guilty of committing aggravated theft as stipulated under Article 363 paragraph (1) point 4 of the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP). The objective of this research is to analyze the application of criminal law in the aforementioned case, with a particular focus on two principal legal issues: (1) how law enforcement was implemented in the case in question, and (2) how the judicial decision aligns with the foundational legal principles of justice, legal certainty, and utility. The research employs a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical approach, and utilizes both the theory of law enforcement and the theory of criminal acts as the conceptual framework. The findings indicate that all elements of the criminal offense under Article 363 paragraph (1) point 4 of the Penal Code were fulfilled, and that the panel of judges duly considered both aggravating and mitigating factors in a balanced manner. Nonetheless, further analysis reveals that the Defendant’s role in the commission of the offense was more auxiliary in nature, thereby suggesting that the normative application of Article 55 of the Penal Code would have been more appropriate. This misapplication of legal provisions potentially gives rise to substantive injustice and opens the possibility for further legal remedies. The study concludes that although the formal procedures of law enforcement were conducted in accordance with prevailing legal standards, there exists a substantive deficiency in the identification of the perpetrator’s role, which adversely affects the overall fairness of the verdict. The novelty of this research lies in its critical analysis of the accuracy of judicial application of substantive criminal norms and the imperative of rigorous judicial reasoning in sentencing, aimed at reinforcing the integrity and consistency of the Indonesian criminal justice system.
Abstract:The enactment of Law Number 3 of 2024, as the second amendment to Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, has introduced new challenges in the governance of village administration, particularly in the legal accountability…
ity of village heads in managing village finances. Although the law outlines the authority of village heads, it does not explicitly stipulate provisions for criminal or civil sanctions in cases of abuse of power. This normative gap poses potential risks of harm to village communities due to the weak legal accountability mechanisms. This study aims to examine and analyze the legal implications of the normative vacuum in village regulations and to emphasize the urgency of establishing more specific and binding implementing regulations. Employing a normative juridical research method through statutory and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes relevant legislation and supporting legal literature. The findings reveal that the absence of clear legal sanction provisions in the Village Law creates a legal grey area that can be exploited for administrative misconduct and corruption. Therefore, regulatory reform is required in the form of amendments or the formulation of implementing regulations that explicitly define the types of sanctions and legal accountability mechanisms for village heads. The novelty of this study lies in its systematic identification of legal loopholes that have received limited attention in existing village law literature, as well as its concrete proposals for regulatory reformulation aimed at strengthening accountability and transparency in village financial management.
Abstract:A culturally responsive approach to teaching has become an essential element in building an inclusive, relevant, and transformative educational ecosystem, particularly in the context of Indonesian language instruction at…
the primary school level. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach in Indonesian language learning among second-grade students at SDN Sumobito 1 Jombang. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. The data were thematically analyzed to identify patterns of CRT application in daily teaching practices. The findings indicate that student engagement in the learning process is relatively active; however, the integration of CRT principles remains suboptimal. This is evidenced by the limited use of teaching materials that reflect students' cultural backgrounds and the low level of teachers’ conceptual understanding of the CRT approach. The study underscores the importance of enhancing educators’ professional capacity through continuous training focused on pedagogies that are sensitive to local cultural contexts. In addition, the development of culturally responsive teaching materials needs to be accommodated within the curriculum to make learning more contextual and meaningful. The implications of these findings suggest that a systematic implementation of CRT has the potential to improve the quality of Indonesian language education by positioning cultural diversity as a pedagogical asset rather than a barrier. Consequently, the results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the formulation of more inclusive, adaptive, and culturally equitable basic education policies in multicultural societies.