Abstract:Students at the Theological Seminary (Sekolah Tinggi Teologi, STT) of GPI Papua bear a dual identity, not only as prospective church ministers but also as individuals with personal aspirations concerning academic achievement,…
ment, social mobility, and future professional paths. The tension between vocational calling and personal ambition constitutes an existential challenge that influences the construction of motivation, spirituality, and life orientation among theology students. This study aims to analyze the dialectical dynamics between these two dimensions and to examine how local Papuan cultural values shape students’ interpretations and efforts to harmonize them. The research problem stems from a lack of integrative theological understanding of personal ambition within the context of vocational ministry. Employing a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically to identify meaning structures, internal conflicts, and integration strategies employed by the students. The findings reveal that personal ambition is not necessarily antithetical to the calling of ministry; rather, it can serve as a constructive force when interpreted through a reflective spirituality grounded in contextual theology. Ambitions guided by Christian values can enhance ministerial capacity and foster authentic personal growth, whereas unmanaged ambition tends to lead to spiritual fragmentation. This study contributes a scientific model of integration between spiritual, personal, and cultural dimensions within theological formation. It recommends a reformulation of curriculum and spiritual formation strategies that are contextual, dialogical, and oriented toward the development of a holistic and culturally relevant vocational identity.
Abstract:The participation of women in various spheres of life has witnessed significant progress; however, it is undeniable that patriarchal culture remains deeply entrenched and continues to reproduce discriminatory practices and…
nd violence against women, including through religious interpretation. In many instances, religion inadvertently reinforces gender inequality through scriptural interpretations that are predominantly shaped by male perspectives and patriarchal structures. Therefore, a hermeneutical approach is required, one capable of deconstructing such biases and rearticulating the voices of women in a just manner. This study aims to interpret Song of Songs 3:1-5 through the lens of feminist literary criticism, specifically employing the “woman as reader” approach developed by Elaine Showalter. This approach emphasizes the experiences, voices, and agency of women as subjects within the text. Through the stages of interpretation, narrative deconstruction, and critical evaluation, the analysis reveals that the female character in this passage is portrayed as an autonomous individual who demonstrates initiative and actively expresses her love and longing. This representation subtly challenges patriarchal constructions that traditionally position women as passive objects in gender relations. On the other hand, the text also opens a reflective space to examine how women, consciously or unconsciously, may contribute to the perpetuation of systems that oppress them. Consequently, a feminist reading of Song of Songs not only unveils the emancipatory potential within the biblical text but also offers a critical and transformative hermeneutical framework. This represents an effort to reclaim a gender-just theological space and to reimagine sacred scripture as a site of both spiritual and social struggle toward justice and equality.
Abstract:This study examines the effectiveness of the Presbyterian-Synodal system of church governance in shaping an inclusive, participatory, and contextual ministry within the Indonesian Protestant Church in Papua (GPI Papua).…
Employing a qualitative approach and contextual case study, the research focuses on the relationship between church governance structures and Papuan communal culture, which emphasizes deliberation, egalitarianism, and communal living. The findings indicate that, in principle, the Presbyterian-Synodal system possesses the potential to accommodate the collective character of Papuan society and to support congregational participation in ecclesiastical decision-making processes. However, implementation at the local level faces several challenges, including inconsistent understanding of ecclesiastical roles and responsibilities, limited human resource capacity, and misalignment between synodal policies and the contextual needs of congregations. These issues reveal a gap between the theological-structural design of the system and the pastoral realities on the ground. Therefore, this study recommends institutional renewal based on local contexts, the development of transformative church leadership models, and the strengthening of ecclesiological education rooted in Papuan cultural and social dynamics. Theoretically and practically, this research contributes to the development of contextual ecclesiology and church management in multicultural settings, emphasizing the importance of synthesizing Reformed theology with local values. As such, this study not only offers a constructive critique of current church governance practices but also opens space for reflection and innovation, enabling the church to become more relevant, just, and empowering in addressing contemporary challenges and contextual realities.
Abstract:Reading proficiency is a fundamental skill in primary education; however, children with special needs classified as slow learners often face significant challenges in developing early reading abilities due to limitations…
in phonological processing. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the phonic method in improving the reading skills of slow learners through a structured intervention approach. The central research problem addresses how the phonic method can be appropriately adapted to overcome reading difficulties in children with learning delays. The subject of this study was a fifth-grade elementary school student who exhibited marked delays in recognizing letter sounds, constructing words, and understanding simple sentence structures. A case study approach was employed, involving a six-session individualized intervention designed in gradual stages. Each session focused on developing phonological skills, including phoneme identification, blending sounds into syllables, phoneme segmentation, and the introduction of complex patterns such as digraphs and diphthongs. The results demonstrated significant improvement in the subject’s reading ability, evidenced by increased accuracy in letter-sound recognition, reading simple words, and constructing short sentences. Although minor errors in pronunciation and word structure persisted, the subject’s consistent progress throughout the intervention confirmed the phonic method as an effective and applicable approach to teaching reading to slow learners. In conclusion, the phonic method successfully addressed phonological barriers through strategies tailored to the learner’s cognitive profile. The novelty of this study lies in its implementation of the phonic method as a step-by-step phonological intervention model within the context of inclusive primary education an area that remains underexplored and underutilized in both educational practice and research in Indonesia.
Abstract:This article explains the report in community service of training in writing English couplets for students of SMAN 19 Surabaya in 2024. Couplets are one of English literary works, especially poems, in which two lines of…
verse are joined in a rhyme. Writing couplets is important to dig understanding about both indications of structures in English poems alongside students’ creative imaginations. Structuralism is a perspective that underlines analysis of structures in English language, especially through English literary works. It is also known that structure in English language is meant to be universal rather than particular. Through an exploratory approach within qualitative research, this manuscript underscores structuralism as a way to identify aspects of literature regarding training of writing couplets. Couplet is a work that pays attention to pouring imaginations from the authors’ mind towards a structured sense of lyrical poem. Though the ideas come from various authors’ imaginations, this kind of literature and its writing process may still open to various possibilities in advance. In conclusion, the training of writing couplets is essential not only to give knowledge about patterns of poems in English literature, but also to get it in line with students’ everyday experience and imaginations.
Abstract:This article exposes the crucial points of narratology to expand knowledge of everyday life. This writing is based on community service done to elementary students in Wisma Penjaringan Sari, Rungkut, Surabaya from 2023 to…
o 2024. Narratology mainly emphasizes matters of narrative structures indicated through perceptions of the cultural world as supported by Tzvetan Todorov. Everyday life is understood as reflections of complex actualizations of plural identities in the sense of the living world. Through explorative approach in qualitative research, this paper digs more understanding of everyday life as stories of experience and taste of the people. Putting focus on narrations of the people, the analysis accentuates more into knowledge of everyday life as a never-ending process. It is a continuous understanding being underlined through meanings of individual experience in everyday life. Furthermore, narrative structures include matters of other individuals as otherness. In conclusion, narratology is significant in expanding knowledge of everyday life especially in widening perspectives of otherness through understanding of own self.
Abstract:Abstract: The government has made many efforts to eradicate poverty in society by implementing programs such as pro-poor, basic food assistance and cash assistance which are useful for achieving the standards of a prosperous…
rous society. The results of data processing are useful in future decision making. Considering the large amount of public data, finding out poor people is not an easy thing for the government to do, as is the case in North Sumatra. This research uses the K-Means Clustering (Multidimensional) method, making it easier to see patterns and structures in data that are difficult to see in the original representation. The application of the K-Means Clustering (Multidimensional) algorithm produces 3 clusters with a silhouette_score value of 33, namely cluster 0 with a high level of population poverty of 1, cluster 1 with a moderate level of population poverty of 4 and cluster 2 with a low level of population poverty as many as 28.
Keywords: Resident; Poor; Data Mining; K-Means
Abstrak: Banyak upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk menghapus kemiskinan pada masyarakat dengan cara melakukan program seperti pro-poor, bantuan sembako maupun bantuan uang tunai yang berguna untuk mencapai standar masyarakat sejahtera. Hasil pengolahan data tersebut berguna dalam pengambilan keputusan kedepannya. Mengingat banyaknya data masyarakat, maka untuk mengetahui masyarakat miskin bukanlah hal mudah yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah, sama halnya di Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode K-Means Clustering (Multidimensi) memudahkan untuk melihat pola dan struktur dalam data yang sulit dilihat dalam representasi aslinya. Penerapan algoritma K-Means Clustering (Multidimensi) menghasilkan 3 cluster, yaitu dengan cluster 0 dengan tingat kemiskinan penduduk yang tinggi sebanyak 1, cluster 1 dengan tingat kemiskinan penduduk yang sedang sebanyak 4 dan cluster 2 dengan tingkat kemiskinan penduduk yang rendah sebanyak 28.
Kata kunci: Penduduk; Miskin; Multidimensi; Data Mining; K-Means
Abstract:The main problem in partner locations is the lack of community awareness in responding to disasters; residents do not yet understand the risks and impacts of natural disasters and preventive measures that can be taken to…
reduce losses. This lack of knowledge makes the community unprepared and slow to respond to emergencies, ultimately increasing their safety and well-being risk. The training includes counselling sessions, workshops, and disaster simulations. Each session is designed to provide an in-depth understanding of the types of disasters, mitigation techniques, evacuation, and first aid steps. The results of this training showed a significant increase in the preparedness and response of the Rembitan Village community to emergencies. The post-disaster simulation evaluation also showed an increase in the participants' practical abilities in dealing with disasters. This program strengthens social structures and solidarity between residents and creates a model that can be applied in other villages with similar disaster risks. With ongoing support, Rembitan Village is expected to become a successful example of building community resilience to disasters, ultimately improving its residents' welfare and security.
Keywords: capacity; strengthening; mitigation; disaster resilient
Abstrak: Masalah utama yang terjadi ditempat mitra yaitu kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam menyikapi bencana, selain itu warga belum memahami risiko dan dampak dari bencana alam, dan langkah-langkah pencegahan yang dapat diambil untuk mengurangi kerugian. Kurangnya pengetahuan ini membuat masyarakat tidak siap dan lambat dalam merespons situasi darurat, yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan risiko terhadap keselamatan dan kesejahteraan mereka. Pelatihan mencakup sesi penyuluhan, workshop, dan simulasi bencana. Setiap sesi dirancang untuk memberikan pemahaman mendalam mengenai jenis-jenis bencana, teknik mitigasi, serta langkah-langkah evakuasi dan pertolongan pertama. Hasil dari pelatihan ini menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dan respons masyarakat Desa Rembitan terhadap situasi darurat. Kegiatan pelatihan di Desa Rembitan menunjukkan peningkatan kesadaran dan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana. Masyarakat kini lebih memahami risiko bencana dan langkah mitigasi yang perlu diambil, Selain itu, mereka telah mempraktikkan simulasi bencana yang meningkatkan kemampuan mereka merespons situasi darurat.
Kata kunci: kapasitas; penguatan; mitigasi; tangguh bencana
Abstract:Abstract: Monotonous learning in elementary schools, teachers do not use a learning model to improve numeracy literacy in elementary schools. To overcome this problem, namely by using a cooperative learning model. Cooperative…
ative learning model is a learning model in which students learn and work in small groups collaboratively with 4-5 members with heterogeneous group structures. This service aims to find out how to improve the application of cooperative learning models based on local wisdom in elementary schools in order to increase numeracy literacy. This method is a participatory action study, namely the implementation of the method by considering the existence of a problem study stage by involving students in elementary schools, as well as looking for the most appropriate alternative solution in overcoming the problem. The result of this service is students' understanding of the cooperative learning model which can be seen from discussions and questions and answers. In addition, the results of this service increase students' ability to work together to improve numeracy literacy.
Keywords: cooperative learning; local wisdom; numerical literacy
Abstrak: Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar yang monoton, guru tidak menggunakan sebuah model pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan literasi numerasi di Sekolah Dasar. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut yakni dengan menggunakan model cooperative learning. Model cooperative learning adalah suatu model pembelajaran dimana siswa belajar dan bekerja dalam kelompok kecil secara kolaboratif yang anggotanya 4–5 orang dengan struktur kelompok heterogen. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana meningkatkan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif berbasis kearifan lokal di sekolah dasar dalam rangka peningkatan literasi numerasi. Metode ini yaitu kaji tindak partisipatif yaitu pengimplementasian metode dengan mempertimbangkan adanya tahap kajian masalah dengan melibatkan siswa di Sekolah Dasar, serta mencari alternatif solusi yang paling tepat dalam mengatasi permasalahan. Hasil dari pengabdian ini adalah pemahaman siswa mengenai model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning yang dapat dilihat dari diskusi dan tanya jawab. Selain itu hasil dari pengabdian ini menambah kemampuan siswa dalam bekerja sama untuk meningkatkan literasi numerasi.
Kata Kunci : cooperative learning; kearifan lokal; literasi numerasi
Abstract:Abstract: The growing intensity of cyber attacks, marked by rapid, large-scale, automated, and adaptive execution, requires analytical methods that represent the diversity of network environments, including variations in…
target platforms such as IoT, traditional networks, and hybrid infrastructures. This study compares machine learning models for cyber attack classification under heterogeneous environmental conditions and formulates a conceptual optimization framework based on model performance. Four publicly available benchmark datasets were used, namely UNB CIC IoT 2023, UNB CIC IDS-2018, UNSW-NB15, and a Kaggle cyber security attacks dataset, comprising approximately 40,000 to over 3.6 million records and 25 to 80 features across IoT, conventional, and mixed network environments. Random Forest, XGBoost, Multilayer Perceptron, and Transformer were implemented within a unified pipeline involving preprocessing, feature selection, and Bayesian Optimization-based hyperparameter tuning. All models achieved F1-score and Cohen's Kappa above 96%, with XGBoost performing best (97.80%, 97.26%), followed by Random Forest (97.78%, 96.96%) and Transformer (97.44%, 96.82%), while MLP scored lowest (96.74%, 96.00%), a gap below one percentage point. Confusion matrix analysis revealed persistent misclassification in minority and overlapping attack classes, informing a proposed adaptive cyber attack simulation optimization framework.
Keywords: cyber attacks; optimization; machine learning; environmental variability.
Abstrak: Meningkatnya intensitas serangan siber yang berlangsung cepat, masif, otomatis, dan adaptif menuntut pendekatan analitis yang merepresentasikan keragaman lingkungan jaringan, termasuk perbedaan karakteristik platform sasaran seperti Internet of Things (IoT), jaringan konvensional, dan infrastruktur hibrida. Penelitian ini membandingkan model machine learning untuk klasifikasi serangan siber pada kondisi lingkungan heterogen, sekaligus menyusun kerangka optimasi konseptual berdasarkan performa model. Empat dataset benchmark publik digunakan, yaitu UNB CIC IoT 2023, UNB CIC IDS-2018, UNSW-NB15, serta dataset Kaggle cyber security attacks, dengan jumlah data berkisar 40.000 hingga lebih dari 3,6 juta rekaman dan 25 sampai 80 fitur, mewakili lingkungan IoT, konvensional, dan campuran. Random Forest, XGBoost, Multilayer Perceptron, dan Transformer diimplementasikan melalui pipeline terpadu mencakup pra-pemrosesan, seleksi fitur, dan optimasi hyperparameter berbasis Bayesian Optimization. Seluruh model mencapai F1-score dan Cohen's Kappa di atas 96%, dengan XGBoost menunjukkan performa terbaik (97,80%, 97,26%), diikuti Random Forest (97,78%, 96,96%) dan Transformer (97,44%, 96,82%), sementara MLP mencatat skor terendah (96,74%, 96,00%), dengan selisih kurang dari satu poin persentase. Analisis confusion matrix mengungkap misklasifikasi yang konsisten pada kelas minoritas dan serangan dengan karakteristik serupa, yang menjadi dasar kerangka optimasi simulasi serangan siber adaptif yang diusulkan.
Kata kunci: serangan siber; optimasi; machine learning; variabilitas lingkungan