Abstract:The spread of Islam on Sumatra Island originated in coastal regions before expanding into the hinterlands. Utilizing a historical approach, this study reveals that maritime trade routes served as the gateway for traders…
and missionaries from Arabia, Persia, and Gujarat to engage in commerce and dawah across Sumatra. Islam initially flourished in Barus, Samudera Pasai, and Aceh before eventually expanding into the interior through river networks, intermarriage, and the political influence of the sultanates. The findings of this study indicate that the process of Islamization in Sumatra was not uniform; in coastal areas, Islam tended to be more Cosmopolitan, whereas in the interior, cultural acculturation with local traditions occurred. The success of this expansion marked the starting point of a religious transformation across the Indonesian archipelago
Abstract:On January 27 and 28 2023, Manado City was hit by heavy rain which caused several areas to experience significant flooding. The high intensity of rain during that period reached extreme levels, resulting in the inundation…
n of several areas and submerging hundreds of residents' houses in 22 villages or sub-districts and 7 sub-districts in Manado. In studying this event, this research investigates the factors that influence extreme weather in Manado, observing sea surface temperature data, streamlines, air observations, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The analysis shows that the positive SOI and negative IOD phenomena significantly impact extreme weather in the region. Cumulonimbus (Cb) clouds drove the atmospheric conditions formed on January 27 and 28 2023 and air flows from the Indian Ocean which brought wet air masses into Indonesian territory. High sea surface temperatures, reaching 28-29°C, also play a role in the intensive growth of rain clouds. Based on atmospheric conditions seen from radiosonde observation data, the stability index value shows that unstable conditions trigger heavy rain which causes flooding
Abstract:This study aims to assess the performance of lecturers in the Computer Science Study Program at HKBP Nommensen University Pematangsiantar from the perspective of students and identify areas that need improvement to enhance…
ce the academic quality of the study program. The study uses a quantitative approach through a survey. The researchers collected data using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire distributed to 103 students of the Computer Science Study Program who had attended lectures. The researchers analyzed five aspects: teaching readiness, teaching materials, teaching discipline, teaching evaluation, and lecturer personality. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, calculating the percentage of student responses for each aspect of the assessment. The results of the study show that the performance of lecturers in the Computer Science Study Program at HKBP Nommensen University Pematangsiantar is generally in the good to very good category. The aspects of teaching readiness, teaching materials, teaching discipline, and teaching evaluation received very good ratings. The aspect of lecturer personality was in the good category. However, we must improve lecturer performance in the aspect of research. We must improve productivity, continuity of research activities, and scientific publications. The results of this study are expected to be used as evaluation material and a basis for policy-making for institutions in their efforts to improve the quality of lecturers and higher education in a sustainable manner.