Abstract:Islamic economics has different principles from conventional economics, including in terms of sales contracts. In Islamic economics, there are several types of sales contracts used, such as bai' al-salam (future sales) and…
nd bai’ al-salam(manufacturing sales). Trust sales contracts are also important in ensuring transparency of the price of the goods or services sold. The research method uses descriptive qualitative in describing and explaining specifically with literature studies in data collection. The purpose of this research is to find out specifically about the types and qualifications of sharia sales that do not contain gharar and usury. In Islamic economics, payments in sales contracts can be deferred or paid in installments without involving interest or riba. This allows the buyer to pay according to an agreed schedule. Sales contracts in the Islamic economy differ from interest-bearing loan contracts, where there is an exchange of goods or services at a predetermined price. Islamic banks use sales contracts as a legitimate alternative to interest-bearing loan contracts, allowing them to provide financing that is fair and compliant with sharia principles. In the Islamic economy, there are also contracts for the sale of future commodities (salam), the sale of manufacturing (istisna'), and currency exchange (sarf). Islamic banks have an important role to play in facilitating these sales contracts, as intermediaries who ensure the contracts adhere to Shariah principles and meet applicable legal requirements. With a good understanding of the different types of these sales contracts, economic actors can choose the ones that suit their needs while complying with sharia principles.
Abstract:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh tax planning, tax avoidance, dan deferred tax burden terhadap firm value pada perusahaan sektor pertambangan batu bara yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama…
ama periode 2020–2024. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan tahunan yang diperoleh dari situs resmi BEI. Sampel penelitian ditentukan melalui purposive sampling, sehingga diperoleh 8 perusahaan dengan total 40 observasi selama periode penelitian. Teknik analisis data meliputi statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, dan analisis regresi linear berganda yang diolah menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tax planning berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap firm value, yang mengindikasikan bahwa perencanaan pajak yang efektif dapat meningkatkan nilai perusahaan di mata investor. Sementara itu, tax avoidance dan deferred tax burden tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap firm value, yang menunjukkan bahwa praktik penghindaran pajak serta besarnya beban pajak tangguhan belum menjadi pertimbangan utama investor dalam menilai nilai perusahaan sektor pertambangan batu bara.
Abstract:IFRS SME establishes standards that serve as recommendations for preparing financial reports for small and medium-sized businesses. SME IFRS originates from all IFRS simplifications intended to simplify financial reporting…
ng and cost-benefit analysis for SME clients. The Financial Accounting Standards for Organizations Without Public Accountability (SAK ETAP), established on May 19, 2009, continues to oversee private businesses' financial accounts. However, SAK ETAP does not give advice to private firms on the explanation of gross revenue that is directly relevant to taxes determination. As a consequence, Indonesia has established a new SAK for private firms known as the SAK EP. The use of SAK EP in the preparation of financial statements for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSME) can simplify the use of international accounting standards, lowering the higher costs associated with full IFRS implementation and the emergence of numerous new accounts and changes in financial statement presentation. New accounts include accounts for current tax, deferred tax, employee benefit duties, and post-employment benefit liabilities, as well as revised accounts for accruing costs, equity, and comprehensive income (expenses).