Abstract:Level design is one of the key components in determining the gameplay experience in 2D platformer games. However, manual level design is time-consuming and difficult to scale. Graph theory can be used to represent the abstract…
stract structure of a level, with nodes as spatial units and edges as paths connecting those spaces. The problem is that this graph structure cannot always be directly translated into a valid and playable physical layout due to platformer constraints, such as jump height, safe distance, and gravity. This research proposes a chunk-based transformation approach, in which each graph node is represented as a fixed-size level chunk containing a platform layout, obstacles, and entry and exit points. The transformation of the graph into a physical level is carried out through the selection, arrangement, and alignment of chunks based on the graph’s topology. This study aims to design a framework for transforming an abstract graph G=(V,E) into a chunk-based 2D platformer level layout. The method used is qualitative-descriptive, involving the formulation of a graph model, rules for mapping and arranging chunks, and playability criteria. The results of the study reveal three main stages: mapping vertices to corresponding chunks, arranging chunks according to the graph’s structure, and validating reachability using an automatic path-finding agent.
Abstract:Artificial intelligence (AI) integration in language education offers new opportunities to address challenges in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. This study examines the effectiveness of Copilot in enhancing…
academic English literacy among Indonesian undergraduates. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group, 60 students were divided into experimental and control groups. Instruments included comprehension tests, learner autonomy questionnaires, and rubric-based writing assessments. Results showed significant improvements in the experimental group. Academic text comprehension increased, particularly in vocabulary mastery (+12%), rhetorical structures (+15%), and recognition of formal registers (+10%). Copilot usage positively predicted learner autonomy, with gains in goal-setting (+14%), strategy selection (+11%), and self-evaluation (+13%). Writing performance also improved, especially in coherence (+13%), argumentation (+16%), and adherence to conventions (+12%). The findings confirm Copilot’s role as both corrective aid and developmental partner, fostering academic literacy and learner autonomy. Implications suggest integrating AI tools into EFL curricula to strengthen academic discourse and independent learning.
Abstract:Research paradigms and research methods are two fundamental components that determine the quality, consistency, and credibility of scientific research. However, there are still misunderstandings regarding the relationship…
p between research paradigms and research methods, particularly in determining the approach that best suits the research objectives. This study aims to analyze the concept of research paradigms and their relationship to the selection of research methods. The study employs a qualitative approach using library research through the analysis of various relevant scientific sources, including books, journal articles, and conference proceedings. Data were analyzed using content analysis to identify and synthesize various concepts related to research paradigms and methods. The results indicate that research paradigms—such as positivism, post-positivism, interpretivism, constructivism, pragmatism, and the critical paradigm—possess distinct characteristics that influence the selection of research methods. Furthermore, the pragmatist paradigm serves as the dominant foundation for the use of mixed methods. This study makes a theoretical contribution by clarifying the relationship between research paradigms and research methods and serves as a practical reference for researchers in determining the appropriate research approach.
Abstract:This study aims to analyze the influence of Regional Economic Innovation and Green Economy on Regional Economic Resilience with Digital Governance as a moderation variable in 33 districts/cities in North Sumatra Province…
for the 2020–2025 period. The study uses an explanatory quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of panel data which is analyzed using panel data regression through Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, and Random Effect Model. The selection of the best model was carried out using the Chow Test, Hausman Test, and Lagrange Multiplier Test, while hypothesis testing was carried out through t-test, F test, determination coefficient, and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of the study show that the Fixed Effect Model is the best model. Regional Economic Innovation, Green Economy, and Digital Governance have a positive and significant effect on Regional Economic Resilience. In addition, Digital Governance has been proven to strengthen the influence of Regional Economic Innovation and Green Economy on Regional Economic Resilience. The Adjusted R² value of 81.8% indicates that the model has an excellent ability to explain variations in regional economic resilience. These findings affirm the importance of strengthening regional innovation, implementing a green economy, and accelerating the transformation of digital government as a sustainable, adaptive, inclusive, and competitive regional economic development strategy in North Sumatra Province.
Abstract:This study examines how a non-diasporic public in the Global South engages with a foreign election in which it holds no vote, no residence, and no direct material stake. Rather than asking how Indonesian netizens represent…
nt Zohran Mamdani, the first Muslim Mayor of New York City, it asks what talking about Mamdani does for these netizens as members of their own polity, and develops the concept of comparative civic imagination: the use of a foreign political figure as a discursive instrument for evaluating, criticising, and re-imagining one’s own democracy. The study applies qualitative Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis (CMDA) to public Indonesian-language discourse about Mamdani on platform X between 1 November 2025 and 30 June 2026, drawing on a purposively constructed corpus of 213 units—134 citizen-account units as the analytical core and 79 media-account units as contextual triangulation—recoded by comparative function and affective register rather than by stance toward the figure. The findings show that Indonesian netizens engage Mamdani through a comparative architecture organised by the vernacular frame “Mamdani Indonesia” (45% of citizen units) and enacted through three repertoires: analogical personification, institutional benchmarking, and counterfactual transposition. The discourse is animated by civic despair—crystallised in the idiom “Indonesia could never”—which operates as a participatory rather than an apathetic affect, while a domestic value-compatibility filter of doctrinal, sectarian, and purity tests renders the admired model discursively non-transferable, closing a recursive loop theorised here as a digitally networked spectre of comparisons. The article shifts the analysis of transnational digital engagement away from cosmopolitan and diasporic assumptions toward the vicarious engagement of non-diasporic publics, re-theorises despair as a mode of civic engagement, and recovers Benedict Anderson’s spectre of comparisons for platform-era political communication in the Global South.
Abstract:Pemilihan Ketua Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa (BEM) merupakan proses penting dalam menentukan mahasiswa yang memiliki kompetensi terbaik untuk memimpin organisasi kemahasiswaan. Namun, proses seleksi yang masih bergantung pada…
da popularitas dan penilaian subjektif berpotensi menghasilkan keputusan yang kurang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) menggunakan metode Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) untuk membantu proses pemilihan Ketua BEM secara objektif. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pembina BEM untuk menentukan kriteria dan bobot penilaian. Lima kriteria yang digunakan meliputi kepemimpinan, kemampuan komunikasi, pengalaman organisasi, integritas, dan indeks prestasi kumulatif (IPK). Tahapan metode MOORA terdiri atas penyusunan matriks keputusan, normalisasi, perhitungan nilai optimasi, dan proses perangkingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alternatif K1 memperoleh nilai optimasi tertinggi sebesar 0,473 sehingga direkomendasikan sebagai Ketua BEM terpilih. Penerapan metode MOORA mampu menghasilkan proses pengambilan keputusan yang lebih objektif, sistematis, transparan, dan akurat sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai alat bantu dalam menentukan Ketua BEM berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan.
The selection of the Student Executive Board (BEM) President is an important process in determining the most qualified student to lead the student organization. However, conventional selection processes often rely on popularity and subjective judgments, which may lead to less optimal decisions. This study aims to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) using the Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method to support a more objective selection process. Research data were collected through interviews with BEM advisors to determine the assessment criteria and their corresponding weights. Five criteria were used, namely leadership, communication skills, organizational experience, integrity, and grade point average (GPA). The MOORA method consists of decision matrix construction, normalization, optimization value calculation, and ranking. The results indicate that candidate K1 achieved the highest optimization value of 0.473 and was therefore recommended as the selected BEM President. The implementation of the MOORA method provides a more objective, systematic, transparent, and accurate decision-making process, making it an effective tool for supporting the selection of the most suitable BEM President based on predetermined criteria.
Abstract:The transformation of the Islamic banking industry requires the integration of financial performance, customer trust, and customer loyalty as the foundation for institutional sustainability. This study aims to map the intellectual…
tellectual evolution of this field of study and identify dominant themes, development trends, and opportunities for research gaps in the international literature. The method employed is a bibliometric analysis based on a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA procedure on Scopus articles from 2018 to 2025. From a selection process of 2,009 documents, the study identified 37 articles meeting the inclusion criteria, which were then analyzed using co-authorship, co-occurrence, network, overlay, and density visualizations. The results indicate that the themes of customer loyalty, service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer trust form the core of the intellectual structure with the highest connectivity, while the themes of financial performance, digital trust, banking mergers, and Sharia banking mergers remain in low-density areas, signaling opportunities for research development. The novelty map also reveals a shift in focus from traditional loyalty models toward digital banking, customer experience, and e-CRM. The novelty of this study lies in its proposal of a new research agenda model that integrates financial performance–customer trust–customer loyalty within the context of digital transformation and the consolidation of Sharia banks. Thus, it is hoped that this study can provide a conceptual foundation for future cross-national empirical research
Abstract:This research aims to analyze the influence of internal and external bank factors which include Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), interest rates, inflation and economic…
c growth on Return on Assets (ROA) in conventional banking in Indonesia. This research uses quantitative methods with a causality approach. The data used is secondary data obtained from bank financial reports and official publications related to the research period. The analysis technique used is panel data regression using model selection tests, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis tests. The research results show that all independent variables simultaneously influence ROA. Partially, NPL has a significant negative effect on ROA, while other variables such as CAR, LDR, interest rates, inflation and economic growth show varying effects on bank profitability. This research concludes that credit risk is the dominant factor influencing banking financial performance.
Abstract:This study aims to map the intellectual structure and global research trends regarding service quality and customer loyalty in the banking industry through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis.…
Research data were obtained from the Scopus database covering the period from 2018 to 2025 using the keywords service quality, customer loyalty, and banking industry. The literature selection process was conducted using the PRISMA protocol, resulting in 33 scientific articles that met the inclusion criteria for further analysis. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer software to map author collaboration networks, keyword relationships, and the evolution of research themes. The research findings indicate that the concepts of service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty are core themes dominating the research literature in the banking sector. Additionally, the study highlights the emergence of new themes related to customer experience, digital services, corporate social responsibility, and customer relationship management, which enrich the understanding of customer loyalty formation. Bibliometric visualizations also indicate that research collaboration remains relatively limited and scattered across several small groups of authors, despite the research having been reviewed on a global scale. These findings confirm that research on service quality and customer loyalty in the banking industry continues to evolve toward a more multidimensional approach in tandem with the ongoing digital transformation of services.
Abstract:This study aims to analyze and map the development of scientific studies on the influence of motivation and organizational culture on the psychological well-being of employees with job satisfaction as a mediating variable…
e through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach combined with bibliometric analysis. The research method uses an SLR approach with the stages of identification, selection, feasibility, and inclusion of articles obtained from various reputable scientific databases. The articles analyzed are international and national journal publications that are relevant to the topics of work motivation, organizational culture, job satisfaction, and employee psychological well-being. Bibliometric analysis was carried out to identify research trends, publication developments, author collaborations, as well as keyword mapping that is often used in related research. The results show that work motivation and organizational culture play an important role in increasing employee job satisfaction, which ultimately contributes to improved psychological well-being in the workplace. Job satisfaction has been shown to function as a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between organizational factors and employee psychological conditions. In addition, the results of bibliometric analysis show that research on employee psychological well-being has been growing in recent years with a focus on aspects of a healthy work environment, organizational support, and strategies to improve the quality of work life. The findings of this study provide theoretical and practical implications for the development of human resource management in creating a conducive work environment, increasing employee motivation, and building a positive organizational culture to support the psychological well-being of employees in a sustainable manner.