Abstract:Abstract: Land registration in Indonesia often encounters challenges in transparency, data integrity, and centralized bureaucracy. Manual and semi-digital systems remain vulnerable to manipulation and delays. The National…
l Land Agency has initiated digitalization, but several challenges remain, particularly in ensuring transparency, efficiency, and security of land ownership data. Blockchain technology offers a potential solution through its decentralized and immutable characteristics. This study adopted a design and development method consisting of system analysis, requirements identification, architecture design, implementation, and black-box testing. The developed decentralized application (DApp) integrates smart contracts, NFTs, and IPFS to manage land certificates. Core functions such as minting, transfer, splitting, and self-custody were implemented and successfully tested, with all scenarios producing expected results. The findings demonstrate that blockchain integration can enhance security, reduce duplication, and streamline land administration. The study contributes a functional prototype with practical implications for modernizing land registration in Indonesia while identifying scalability and regulatory adaptation as areas for further research.
Keywords: blockchain; decentralized application; land registration; NFT; smart contract.
Abstract:Abstract: The global transition towards sustainable food systems faces significant challenges in vegetarian food supply chains, including transparency issues, distribution inefficiencies, and quality verification problems.…
s. This research proposes VegeChain development, a decentralized marketplace ecosystem based on smart contracts designed to transform vegetarian food supply chains and accelerate Meatless, Balanced, Green (MBG) program adoption. Using mixed-method methodology integrating blockchain system design, stakeholder analysis, and economic simulation, this research develops a comprehensive technology framework combining blockchain transparency, smart contract automation, and sustainable tokenomics with novel mathematical models. The system implements dynamic pricing algorithms based on Automated Market Maker (AMM) mechanisms, multi-objective optimization for supply chain efficiency, and reputation-based consensus protocols. Simulation results demonstrate that VegeChain implementation can improve supply chain efficiency by 35%, reduce food waste by 28%, and increase consumer trust by 42% measured through validated stakeholder satisfaction surveys (n=456) using 5-point Likert scales with statistical significance p<0.001. Technical innovations include Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus with 99.9% reliability, gas optimization achieving 67% cost reduction, and real-time quality verification algorithms with 98.7% accuracy.
Keywords: smart contracts; supply chain optimization; automated market makers; blockchain technology; sustainable tokenomics
Abstract:Abstract: Information systems for processing data on registration of contracts for cafeterias and restaurants regulate all the needs of system users, as well as presenting needed and effective reports. The information system…
stem for processing data on registration of contracts for cafeterias and restaurants has data entry for tenants, places, cafeteria and restaurant management, and contract registration, tenant data search process, and cafeteria and restaurant contract data search process and produces list of tenant names, cafe per contract report month, cafeteria and restaurant contract report per year where all the processes were done manually beforehand.
Keywords: Information System, Cafeteria and Restaurant Contract Registration, PT. Angkasa Pura II
Abstrak: Sistem informasi pengolahan data tata kelola pendaftaran kontrak Cafetaria dan Restoran mengatur semua kebutuhan pengguna sistem, serta menyajikan laporan-laporan yang dibutuhkan dengan efektif dan efesien. Sistem informasi pengolahan data tata kelola pendaftaran kontrak Cafetaria dan Restoran memiliki entri data penyewa, tempat, manajemen cafetaria dan restoran, dan pendaftaran kontrak, proses pencarian data penyewa, dan proses pencarian data kontrak cafeteria dan restoran serta menghasilkan daftar nama penyewa, laporan kontrak cafe per bulan, laporan kontrak cafetaria dan restoran per tahun yang dimana semua proses tersebut dikerjakan secara manual sebelumnya.
Kata kunci: Sistem Informasi, Pendaftaran Kontrak Cafetaria dan Restoran, PT. Angkasa Pura II
Abstract:Freight forwarding agreements in Indonesia frequently contain exoneration clauses that exempt logistics providers from liability for loss or damage, raising serious concerns regarding consumer protection. While such clauses…
ses are designed to manage contractual risk, they often conflict with the principles enshrined in Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK), particularly those ensuring fairness, good faith, and legal accountability. This study investigates the legality and ethical implications of exoneration clauses within standard-form freight forwarding contracts used by companies such as JNE, TIKI, and SiCepat. Employing a doctrinal legal research methodology, the study integrates statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches to analyze primary legislation, judicial decisions, and relevant legal doctrines. It critically evaluates the use of these clauses in light of consumer rights, contract theory, and the economic impact on service quality. Findings reveal that exoneration clauses not only contravene the UUPK but also create systemic contractual imbalances due to the lack of negotiation opportunities and transparency. The study proposes a normative legal framework for reform, including clause classification, interactive consent mechanisms, and regulatory enforcement to ensure contractual fairness. This research contributes to both legal scholarship and policy development by highlighting the urgent need for doctrinal clarity and regulatory oversight in Indonesia's logistics sector.
Abstract:Konsep gharar merupakan prinsip fundamental dalam hukum ekonomi Islam yang bertujuan menjaga keadilan dan transparansi dalam transaksi. Transformasi konsep ini menjadi penting di era digital karena kemajuan teknologi menghadirkan…
ghadirkan tantangan dan peluang baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis pustaka untuk mengeksplorasi penerapan gharar dalam transaksi modern, khususnya pada teknologi seperti smart contracts, cryptocurrency, dan blockchain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun teknologi digital dapat mengurangi gharar melalui transparansi dan kejelasan data, tantangan seperti ketidakpastian algoritma, volatilitas aset digital, dan literasi pengguna tetap menjadi kendala. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kolaborasi antara ulama, regulator, dan praktisi teknologi untuk menciptakan kerangka hukum yang adaptif namun tetap berlandaskan nilai-nilai syariah. Kajian ini menegaskan relevansi prinsip gharar dalam memastikan keadilan dalam transaksi ekonomi syariah di era digital.
Abstract:Teknologi digital telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan, termasuk di bidang ekonomi, dengan munculnya Bitcoin dan aktivitas trading sebagai inovasi utama. Teknologi blockchain yang mendasari Bitcoin…
itcoin menawarkan manfaat seperti transparansi, efisiensi, dan akses keuangan yang lebih luas, terutama di tingkat global. Namun, tantangan besar muncul berupa volatilitas harga yang ekstrem, spekulasi yang berlebihan, dan potensi manipulasi yang sering kali menimbulkan risiko besar bagi para pelaku transaksi. Dalam konteks Islam, prinsip keadilan, kejujuran, dan transparansi menjadi landasan utama dalam aktivitas ekonomi yang bertujuan menciptakan transaksi yang diberkahi dan tidak merugikan pihak mana pun, sebagaimana ditegaskan dalam hadis Al-Bukhari No. 2079.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi literatur untuk menganalisis relevansi nilai-nilai etika dalam hadis tersebut terhadap aktivitas ekonomi digital modern. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Bitcoin dan trading digital memiliki potensi manfaat besar, penggunaannya sering melibatkan unsur-unsur yang dilarang dalam syariah, seperti gharar (ketidakpastian), riba (bunga), dan maysir (perjudian). Pengintegrasian nilai-nilai Islam, seperti keterbukaan dan keadilan, menjadi langkah penting untuk menciptakan ekosistem ekonomi digital yang lebih etis dan berkelanjutan. Teknologi seperti smart contracts dapat membantu menjaga transparansi dan meminimalkan ketidakpastian, tetapi tantangan seperti regulasi yang kurang memadai dan sifat transaksi yang anonim masih membutuhkan perhatian khusus. Hadis Al-Bukhari No. 2079 memberikan panduan moral yang relevan untuk memastikan bahwa aktivitas ekonomi digital berjalan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Islam, mendukung keadilan, dan melindungi pelaku ekonomi dari risiko yang tidak diinginkan. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penerapan prinsip-prinsip syariah dalam membangun sistem ekonomi digital yang adil, transparan, dan seimbang.
Abstract:Advances in information and communication technology have spurred substantial changes in legal transaction procedures in Indonesia, primarily through the utilization of electronic agreements. Agreements that were previously…
sly made in traditional paper formats are now frequently conducted digitally, raising legal concerns regarding their legality, validity, evidence, and legal protection for the involved parties, particularly consumers. Although electronic agreements are normatively recognized in the Civil Code (KUHP) and the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions, practical implementation issues persist, leading to legal uncertainty. This research employs a normative legal methodology utilizing statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Data was obtained through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources related to electronic agreements and civil legal protection. Qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted to investigate the legal status of electronic agreements and the legal protection available for the parties within the Indonesian legal framework. The discussion results indicate that electronic agreements possess legal validity and binding force equivalent to traditional agreements, provided they meet the criteria for a valid agreement as outlined in Article 1320 of the Civil Code and the provisions of the Information Technology Law. Legal protection in electronic agreements encompasses legal certainty, the recognition of electronic document and signature evidence, and consumer protection against detrimental standard clauses. Nevertheless, challenges remain in establishing party identification, ensuring the integrity of digital contracts, and addressing power imbalances between commercial entities and consumers. This study concludes that while electronic agreements are legally recognized under Indonesian civil law, enhancing legal protection requires strengthened regulations, consistent law enforcement, and improved legal and digital literacy among the public to ensure secure, fair, and equitable electronic transactions.
Abstract:The legal basis of a valid contract according to the Civil Code is regulated in Article 1338 of the Civil Code, namely that all formal contracts apply as law for the parties thereto. From this article it can be concluded…
that there is a principle of freedom of contract, but this freedom is limited by the law of coercion, so that the contracting parties must submit to the law of coercion. The legal consequences of a previous contract for the parties to the contract can be terminated by one of the parties who submits a request for cancellation, a demand for a refund or even a claim for compensation if misstatements and errors are found in the contract and the backdated date. The validity and date of withdrawal of physical evidence of the contract, it is necessary to first examine the conditions for the validity of the contract, which must meet the prerequisites (agreement of the parties), although Article 1321 of the Civil Code emphasizes the validity of the contract itself, which must not be the result of error, coercion or fraud.
Abstract:The legal basis of a valid contract according to the Civil Code is regulated in Article 1338 of the Civil Code, namely that all formal contracts apply as law for the parties thereto. From this article it can be concluded…
that there is a principle of freedom of contract, but this freedom is limited by the law of coercion, so that the contracting parties must submit to the law of coercion. The legal consequences of a previous contract for the parties to the contract can be terminated by one of the parties who submits a request for cancellation, a demand for a refund or even a claim for compensation if misstatements and errors are found in the contract and the backdated date. The validity and date of withdrawal of physical evidence of the contract, it is necessary to first examine the conditions for the validity of the contract, which must meet the prerequisites ( agreement of the parties), although Article 1321 of the Civil Code emphasizes the validity of the contract itself, which must not be the result of error, coercion or fraud.
Abstract:Disputes resolution in the field of Islamic banking are actually arranged in Article 55, paragraph (1), (2), and (3) of the Law on Islamic Banking. The Problem appear when choice of legal forum (choice of forum) for finish…
sh dispute banking agreed for choose one of the legal forums in settlement dispute when the parties No want to finish it through religious courts and their contracts No stated in a way clear the choice of legal forum selected. This is where the need for certainty of law in settling the dispute in question arises, and how the Constitutional Court's decision for certainty of law can be realized in Islamic banking disputes. The research method used is descriptive normative. Research results explain that the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 93/PUU/X/2012 confirms certainty of law by deleting dualism of authority justice, making the Religious Court as an institution the sole authority to finish Islamic banking through track litigation. Thus, it can be concluded that this decision cancels the explanation of Article 55 paragraph (2) of the Sharia Banking Law, eliminates forum selection to the District Court; however, it still allows non-litigation settlement, such as Sharia arbitration. The settlement process of disputes in Islamic banking, as arranged in Article 55 paragraph (1), (2), and (3) of the Sharia Banking Law, has given duties and authorities to courts in the neighborhood religious courts.