Abstract:This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for consumers in digital transactions in Indonesia. The method used is library research with a normative juridical approach. The results of the study indicate…
ate that Indonesia actually has an adequate legal basis to protect digital consumers, which is primarily sourced from Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. These regulations have set out basic principles such as the obligation of business actors to provide honest information, consumer rights to security, and the recognition of electronic evidence. However, its implementation in the field encounters various significant obstacles. Case studies on e-commerce and fintech platforms reveal that consumer losses still often occur, such as products that do not match the description, difficulties with refunds, and the vulnerability of personal data. The key finding of this study is that the main challenge lies not in the legal vacuum, but in three aspects: (1) low digital literacy and consumer law so that they are not optimal in fighting for their rights; (2) alternative dispute resolution mechanisms such as BPSK and ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) which are not yet effective, fast, and easily accessible; and (3) weak supervision and law enforcement against unscrupulous business actors in the digital space. Therefore, it is concluded that digital consumer protection efforts require a holistic approach that relies not only on regulations, but also through massive public education, strengthening dispute resolution institutions, and closer synergy between the government, business actors, and the community.
Abstract:This study aims to analyze the influence of timeliness, transparency, and the effectiveness of recommendations on audit quality at the Audit Board(BPK) of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The research focuses on an economic-financial…
financial perspective, namely how these three variables play a role in improving the efficiency of fiscal governance, public spending accountability, and the effectiveness of state financial oversight. Research data were obtained through questionnaire distribution and audit document analysis. The results show that timeliness has a significant effect on audit quality because it is able to maintain the relevance of findings and accelerate follow-up. Transparency has a significant effect on increasing public trust and auditor credibility. The effectiveness of recommendations has the strongest influence on audit quality because it determines the implementation of financial governance improvements in audited entities. This study emphasizes the importance of promoting a fast, open, and responsive audit system to improve the quality of state financial management
Abstract:Justice collaborators, or "crown witnesses," have become essential in modern criminal justice systems, particularly in dismantling organized crime and uncovering complex murder cases. This study explores the legal protections…
tions afforded to justice collaborators in Indonesia through a doctrinal analysis of the Supreme Court Decision No. 1704 K/PID.SUS/2022, commonly known as the Richard Eliezer verdict. The objective is to critically examine the adequacy and application of legal safeguards provided to individuals who cooperate with law enforcement while implicated in serious crimes. Employing normative legal research methods and a statutory and case approach, the paper reveals discrepancies in the implementation of protections for justice collaborators. While the Indonesian Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) offers procedural protections, this analysis identifies significant gaps in enforcement, judicial interpretation, and institutional coordination. The findings underscore a need for stronger legislative frameworks and consistent judicial standards to uphold the rights and safety of justice collaborators. The implications extend to criminal law reform and the balancing of retributive justice with restorative mechanisms. This study contributes to the legal discourse on human rights protections in criminal procedure, particularly concerning vulnerable individuals assisting the justice system under duress or threat.
Abstract:This study aims to construct an integrated constellation model and determine optimal strategies for reinforcing lecturers’ professional commitment at leading private universities in Bogor. Utilizing the POP-SDM (Modeling…
ng and Optimization of Management Resources) framework, the research integrates elements of local wisdom and organizational support within a systemic approach to human resource development. The exploratory qualitative phase involved in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to uncover major determinants influencing professional commitment. From the thematic analysis, four principal variables emerged—teamwork, organizational climate, religiosity, and work motivation—which were validated through expert judgment. Quantitative verification was subsequently performed using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to examine both direct and indirect relationships among constructs. The analysis confirmed that all variables exert positive and significant effects on lecturers’ professional commitment, with work motivation being the most dominant factor. To refine improvement priorities, the SITOREM (Scientific Identification Theory for Conducting Operational Research in Educational Management) method was applied, identifying indicators that should be improved, maintained, or further developed. The findings offer empirical and practical insights, including: (1) a validated POP-SDM–based commitment model combining cultural and organizational dimensions; (2) evidence-based strategies to enhance lecturer professionalism; and (3) an optimization framework to guide sustainable lecturer development in higher education institutions.
Abstract:Freight forwarding agreements in Indonesia frequently contain exoneration clauses that exempt logistics providers from liability for loss or damage, raising serious concerns regarding consumer protection. While such clauses…
ses are designed to manage contractual risk, they often conflict with the principles enshrined in Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK), particularly those ensuring fairness, good faith, and legal accountability. This study investigates the legality and ethical implications of exoneration clauses within standard-form freight forwarding contracts used by companies such as JNE, TIKI, and SiCepat. Employing a doctrinal legal research methodology, the study integrates statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches to analyze primary legislation, judicial decisions, and relevant legal doctrines. It critically evaluates the use of these clauses in light of consumer rights, contract theory, and the economic impact on service quality. Findings reveal that exoneration clauses not only contravene the UUPK but also create systemic contractual imbalances due to the lack of negotiation opportunities and transparency. The study proposes a normative legal framework for reform, including clause classification, interactive consent mechanisms, and regulatory enforcement to ensure contractual fairness. This research contributes to both legal scholarship and policy development by highlighting the urgent need for doctrinal clarity and regulatory oversight in Indonesia's logistics sector.
Abstract:Public service quality is one of the fundamental indicators in assessing the performance of government institutions, especially at the district level where direct interactions with citizens take place. This study aims to…
analyze the influence of employee motivation on the quality of administrative services at the Leihitu Sub-district Office, Central Maluku Regency. The research employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory design to identify causal relationships between variables. The population in this study consists of all employees involved in administrative services, and total sampling was used due to the manageable number of staff. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire using a Likert scale to measure motivation and service quality indicators. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression to determine the effect of motivation on service quality. The results show that employee motivation significantly and positively influences administrative service quality. Employees with higher intrinsic and extrinsic motivation tend to demonstrate better responsiveness, discipline, communication, and consistency in carrying out public service functions. The study concludes that strengthening motivation is essential to improve public service performance. Therefore, organizational leaders are encouraged to enhance work motivation through recognition, supportive leadership, fair reward systems, and professional development opportunities to ensure services meet community expectations.
Abstract:The Indonesian capital market plays a pivotal role in mobilising long-term financing for corporations and providing investment opportunities to the public. However, persistent stock fraud cases undermine market integrity…
and investor confidence. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the existing legal framework for investor protection against stock fraud, analyse its practical implementation, and recommend measures to strengthen both preventive and repressive mechanisms. Employing a normative legal research design with a qualitative approach, the study integrates statute, conceptual, and case approaches, focusing on Law No. 8 of 1995 on Capital Markets, OJK regulations, the Criminal Code, and notable cases such as PT Hanson International Tbk. The findings reveal that while the legal framework normatively aligns with the Legal Protection Theory, Justice Theory, and Legal Effectiveness Theory, substantial gaps remain between regulation and enforcement. Weak supervisory coordination, delayed intervention, lengthy judicial processes, and low investor legal literacy reduce effectiveness. Recommended reforms include adopting regtech and suptech, enhancing cross-agency data integration, implementing AI-based surveillance, establishing a specialised capital market court, and strengthening investor education. The study concludes that combining regulatory improvements, adaptive enforcement, and public legal empowerment is essential to safeguard investors, maintain market integrity, and promote sustainable economic growth.
Abstract:This study examines the fulfillment of remission rights for drug offenders in Indonesia following the enactment of Government Regulation No. 99 of 2012, which introduced restrictive provisions inconsistent with the rehabilitative…
ilitative vision of Law No. 12 of 1995. The research problem lies in the normative contradiction between correctional laws oriented toward behavioural reform and derivative regulations that prioritise punitive measures. The study aims to evaluate the implementation of remission regulations and their alignment with principles of justice and human rights. Employing a normative legal research design, it analyses statutes, judicial decisions, doctrines, and comparative law. Findings reveal that remission has shifted from a universal right to a conditional privilege, disproportionately affecting low-level drug offenders, exacerbating prison overcrowding, and weakening legal certainty. The study concludes that policy reform is necessary through individualised assessments, restorative justice integration, independent oversight, and regulatory harmonisation to restore fairness and uphold human rights.
Abstract:The Province of Papua holds a special constitutional status under Law No. 2 of 2021, implemented through Government Regulation (PP) No. 106 of 2021, which assigns 23 governmental functions to regional authorities. The regulation…
gulation embodies asymmetric decentralization intended to protect the rights of Indigenous Papuans (OAP) and address local needs. However, it raises legal concerns regarding ambiguous authority distribution between central, provincial, and municipal levels, as well as the unclear operational role of the Papuan People’s Assembly (MRP). The main research problem is whether PP No. 106/2021 provides a coherent and constitutionally consistent governance framework. This study applies doctrinal legal research using normative-analytical methods, including statutory interpretation, constitutional tests, and comparative perspectives. The findings indicate weak accountability mechanisms in managing Special Autonomy Funds, limited integration of customary law, and institutional fragility in newly established bodies such as BP-DOP and UPAP. The study concludes that PP No. 106/2021 does not fully align with the constitutional principles of legal certainty and decentralization. It recommends substantial revisions, strengthening MRP’s legal status, formal recognition of customary law through Perdasus, and an institutional blueprint with clear performance indicators to ensure effective, inclusive, and adaptive governance in Papua
Abstract:This study investigates the stress concentration factor in an infinite steel plate with a thickness of 1 cm, containing an elliptical hole, subjected to biaxial loading at infinity. The elliptical hole has semi-axes a=5.0 cma…
0 cma = 5.0 \, \text{cm}a = 5.0 cm (major axis) and b=2.5 cmb = 2.5 \, \text{cm}b = 2.5 cm (minor axis). The applied stresses at infinity are a tensile stress of σ1=100 kg/cm2\sigma_1 = 100 \, \text{kg/cm}^2= 100 kg/parallel to the major axis and a compressive stress of σ2=−100 kg/cm2\sigma_2 = -100 \, \text{kg/cm}^2= -100 kg/ perpendicular to the major axis. The material properties include Young's modulus E=2.1×106 kg/cm2E = 2.1 \times 10^6 \, \text{kg/cm}^2E = 2,1. kg/ and Poisson's ratioν=0.3\nu = 0.3 = 0.3. Using analytical solutions from classical elasticity theory, the maximum tangential stress at the edge of the ellipse is calculated as σmax=600 kg/cm2\sigma_{\text{max}} = 600 \, \text{kg/cm}^2= -600 kg/, yielding a stress concentration factor of kσ=σmax/σ=6k_\sigma = \sigma_{\text{max}} / \sigma = 6 = =6. Additionally, a finite element (FE) analysis based on the Salerno and Sahoni problem for a quarter section of the plate results in kσ=3.1125k_\sigma = 3.1125 = 3.1125 for a configuration with s/r=5s/r = 5s/r = 5, showing a discrepancy of 1.3% compared to the theoretical value of kσ=3.1k_\sigma = 3.1= 3.1 from Peterson's Stress Concentration Factors. The results demonstrate good agreement between the calculated model and theoretical predictions, validating the accuracy of the FE approach for stress concentration analysis in such configurations.