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English Public Speaking Training for Vocational College Students in Madiun

Pratiwi, Damar Isti, Budiastuti, Riana Eka, Amumpuni, Rengganis Siwi, Arifianto, Teguh
Abstract: Many vocational college graduates got difficulties during job interview process. Therefore, this community service activity aims to enhance vocational college students’ English communication skills, especially in public… public speaking, during the job interview process. It was done online through a Zoom meeting, which was opened for vocational college students in Madiun City, East Java. The activity was done in May 2024, starting from the preparation, implementation, and evaluation process. It ran well and benefited vocational college students by equipping them with and broadening their knowledge regarding the job interview process. The participants’ feedback was positive, in which the survey results showed that the community service activity improved their public speaking skills and confidence. The participants also provided a rough description of the job interview process through mock interviews. It is hoped that a similar activity will be carried out continuously in the future.             Keywords: English, Public Speaking, Training, Vocational College, Vocational Students  Banyak lulusan kampus vokasi yang kesulitan saat menjalani proses interviu kerja. Untuk itu, kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berkomunikasi bahasa Inggris mahasiswa vokasi terutama pada public speaking di proses wawancara kerja. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan secara daring melalui Zoom meeting yang dibuka bagi mahasiswa vokasi di kota Madiun, Jawa Timur. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2024 yang dimulai dari proses persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Kegiatan berjalan dengan lancar dan bermanfaat bagi para mahasiswa vokasi dalam memperlengkapi dan memperluas wawasan mereka mengenai proses wawancara kerja. Umpan balik dari para peserta menunjukkan nilai positive dimana hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini meningkatkan kemampuan public speaking para peserta dan rasa percaya diri mereka. Para peserta juga mendapatkan gambaran kasar mengenai proses wawancara kerja melalui kegiatan mock-interview. Diharapkan bahwa kegiatan sejenis dapat diadakan berkelanjutan di masa mendatang. Kata kunci: Bahasa Inggris, Public Speaking, Pelatihan, Kampus Vokasi, Mahasiswa Vokasi  

Meningkatkan Pelayanan dan Pengunaan Sosial Media sebagai Promosi Camping Ground Berbasis Syari’ah

Pratiwi, Nila, Charli, Chintya Ones
Abstract: This service aims to improve services and use of social media as a sharia-based camping ground promotion in Twin Lakes, Solok Regency. The service method includes initial identification and analysis of the application of… social media carried out by sharia-based camping ground managers on the Twin Lakes, preparation of improvement plans in accordance with the characteristics of sharia-based camping grounds through social media, training and assistance for camping ground business managers, as well as evaluation and monitoring to measure the impact of implementing improved services, social media as promotion, it is hoped that the management of the Twin Lakes sharia-based camping ground can improve services and optimize the use of social media. The results of this service can help managers increase interest in visiting, increase visitor attraction, increase promotion of sharia-based camping grounds. Feedback from managers will also be evaluated to assess the success of the service. It is hoped that through this service, Management can have a better understanding of the importance of improving service quality, optimizing effective and efficient social media in promoting sharia-based camping grounds. Apart from that, it is hoped that the management can make a positive contribution to economic growth in Alahan Panjang, Solok district. Keywords : camping ground; promotion; service; social media This service aims to improve services and use of social media as a sharia-based camping ground promotion in Twin Lakes, Solok Regency. The service method includes initial identification and analysis of the application of social media carried out by sharia-based camping ground managers on the Twin Lakes, preparation of improvement plans in accordance with the characteristics of sharia-based camping grounds through social media, training and assistance for camping ground business managers, as well as evaluation and monitoring to measure the impact of implementing improved services, social media as promotion, it is hoped that the management of the Twin Lakes sharia-based camping ground can improve services and optimize the use of social media. The results of this service can help managers increase interest in visiting, increase visitor attraction, increase promotion of sharia-based camping grounds. Feedback from managers will also be evaluated to assess the success of the service. It is hoped that through this service, Management can have a better understanding of the importance of improving service quality, optimizing effective and efficient social media in promoting sharia-based camping grounds. Apart from that, it is hoped that the management can make a positive contribution to economic growth in Alahan Panjang, Solok district.  Keywords: camping ground; promotion; service; social media

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pemula UMKM Mie Basah Kelurahan Paccerakkang Kota Makassar Melalui Digitalisasi

Bachtiar, Irmah Halimah, Gafur, Gafur, Supiati, Supiati, Bachtiar, Ayu Darmawan, Hasan, Azizah
Abstract: The magnitude of the role of MSMEs as the backbone of the national economy is evidenced from data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises for 2022 that the number of MSMEs in South Sulawesi has… experienced a significant increase and in 2022 it will reach 268,299 units. However, this condition contrasts with Mr. Rahman Robin's MSMEs Mie Basah Manga Tiga, which does not provide optimal results, and sales sometimes experience a decline. The purpose of this service is to develop the Mangga Tiga wet noodle business through digital utilization. One of the government's newest programs in supporting MSME growth is "Ministry of Finance One Supports MSMEs Growing through Digitalization and Globalization Towards Advanced Indonesia". Based on this program, we consider it important to increase the wet noodle business through digitization. The method used is the provision of materials as well as training and assistance regarding the preparation of financial reports, digital marketing and packaging innovation. The results of the activity show that partners are able to compile simple financial reports, partners are able to carry out digital marketing through several online applications, and the new packaging of mangga tiga wet noodles is equipped with a product label which already contains a business license and halal certificate. Keywords: MSMEs; Wet noodle; Digitization Abstrak: Besarnya peranan UMKM  sebagai tulang punggung perekonomian nasional dibuktikan dari data Kemenkop UKM tahun 2022 bahwa jumlah UMKM di Sulawesi Selatan mengalamai peningkatan yang signifikan dan di tahun 2022 mencapai 268.299 unit. Namun kondisi demikian kontras dengan pelaku UMKM Mie Basah Manga Tiga milik Bapak Rahman Robin yang tidak memberikan hasil yang optimal bahkan penjualan terkadang mengalami penurunan. Tujuan dilaksanakan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan usaha mie basah Mangga Tiga melalui pemanfaatan digital. Salah satu program terbaru pemerintah dalam mendukung pertumbuhan UMKM adalah “Kemenkeu Satu Mendukung UMKM Tumbuh melalui Digitalisasi dan Globalisasi Menuju Indonesia Maju”. Berdasar dari program tersebut kami menganggap penting meningkatkan usaha mie basah melalui digitalisasi.  Metode yang digunakan adalah pemberian materi serta pelatihan dan pendampingan mengenai penyusunan laporan keuangan, pemasaran digital dan inovasi packaging. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa mitra sudah mampu menyusun laporan keuangan sederhana, mitra mampu melakukan pemasaran digital melalui beberapa aplikasi online, serta kemasan baru dari mie basah mangga tiga sudah dilengkapi label produk yang di dalamnya sudah terdapat izin usaha dan sertifikat halal. Kata kunci: UMKM; Mie Basah; Digitalisasi

Pelatihan Desain Grafis Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Siswa Di Era Digital

Parini, Parini, Lubis, Iin Almeina, Ramadhani, Andrew, Suhendra, Aidil Adi
Abstract: The use of graphic design in business in the digital era has great potential. Therefore, it is important to organize training on making graphic designs using simple and easy applications. The problems faced by the students… ts of SMK Karya Utama Tanjungbalai are experiencing a lack of interest in learning because they focus too much on the process of determining the design and background. In addition, students are also less aware that graphic design can be a business opportunity in this digital era. For example, graphic design for making logos, online stores/olshops can increase their attractiveness and selling points, as well as food sales posters and others. One alternative to this design is using the Canva application, a tool that supports the learning process visually and helps train visual literacy skills students quickly and easily. The purpose of this service is for students to quickly and easily master using the Canva application for designing, while improving their business skills in the digital era. This service is carried out with the observation stage, followed by direct training/practice using the Canva application and directions to improve the quality of graphic design. The results of this dedication are that students can improve their skills in using the Canva application and can be applied in the business world in the digital era.  Keywords: graphic design; canva application; digital.     Abstrak: Penggunaan desain grafis dalam bisnis di era digital memiliki potensi besar. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk menyelenggarakan pelatihan tentang pembuatan desain grafis dengan menggunakan aplikasi yang sederhana dan mudah. Permasalahan yang dihadapi siswa/i SMK Karya Utama Tanjungbalai mengalami kurangnya minat belajar karena terlalu banyak fokus pada proses menentukan desain dan background. Selain itu, siswa juga kurang menyadari bahwa desain grafis dapat menjadi peluang bisnis di era digital ini. Misalnya, desain grafis untuk pembuatan logo, toko online/olshop dapat meningkatkan daya tarik dan nilai jualnya, begitu juga poster penjualan makanan dan lainnya, Salah satu alternatifnya design ini menggunakan aplikasi Canva, alat yang mendukung proses pembelajaran secara visual dan membantu melatih kemampuan literasi visual siswa dengan cepat dan mudah. Tujuan pengabdian ini agar siswa dapat dengan cepat dan mudah menguasai penggunaan aplikasi Canva untuk mendesain, sekaligus meningkatkan keterampilan berbisnis di era digital. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dengan tahapan observasi, dilanjutkan dengan pelatihan/praktek langsung dengan menggunakan aplikasi canva dan pengarahan untuk meningkatkan kualitas desain grafis. Hasil dari pengabdian ini harapannya siswa/i dapat meningkatkan  keterampilan siswa/i dalam menggunakan aplikasi canva dan dapat diterapkan dalam dunia bisnis di era digital   Kata kunci: desain grafis; aplikasi canva; digital

Digital Marketing Dalam Kewirausahaan Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19

Simanjuntak, Pastima, Handoko, Koko, Elisa, Erlin, Eko Suharyanto, Cosmas
Abstract: Abstract: Because of the presence of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution, digital technology and the internet have become the backbone of technology, one of which is social media. Different types of popular social media, such… as Twitter, Facebook, and instagram, serve different functions and serve different purposes. The Marketplace is a social media platform that has many advantages when used properly. Traders can sell their goods online on the marketplace by providing clear photos and descriptions. Furthermore, the payment method is made on the marketplace, on average, after the goods arrive, they pay or many call it COD (cash on delivery). Everything has changed, however, as a result of the Covid 19 pandemic. The government's health protocol restrictions have resulted in a decrease in income. The purpose of this service is to provide guidance to the Hang Nadim Batam School. The method used is by conducting a survey, then training and finally an evaluation. The results of this service showed that 80% of students could understand digital marketing technology          Keywords: digital marketing; entrepreneurship; social media; pandemic covid     Abstrak: Dengan hadirnya Revolusi Industri 4.0, teknologi digital dan internet menjadi tulang punggung teknologi, salah satunya media sosial. Berbagai jenis media sosial populer, seperti Twitter, Facebook, dan instagram, memiliki fungsi dan tujuan yang berbeda. Marketplace adalah platform media sosial yang memiliki banyak keuntungan jika digunakan dengan benar. Pedagang dapat menjual barangnya secara online di marketplace dengan memberikan foto dan deskripsi yang jelas. Selain itu metode pembayaran yang dilakukan di marketplace rata-rata setelah barang sampai mereka membayar atau banyak yang menyebutnya COD (cash on delivery). Namun, semuanya berubah akibat pandemi Covid-19. Pembatasan protokol kesehatan yang dilakukan pemerintah berdampak pada penurunan pendapatan. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pembinaan pada Sekolah Hang Nadim Batam. Metode yang dilakukan dengan melakukan survey selanjutnya pelatihan dan terakhir evaluasi. Hasil dari pengbadian ini didapat bahwa siswa-siswa 80% bisa mengerti dengan teknologi digital marketing.   Kata kunci: digital marketing; kewirausahaan; media sosial; pandemi covid

Pelatihan Pengelolaan Dan Pelayanan Pada Homestay Di Desa Tanjung Jaya Pandeglang

Djunaid, Ika Suryono, Sofiani, Sofiani, Rosanto, Stephanie, Soeprapto, Vishnuvardhana S, Natalia, Dessy
Abstract: Abstract: Tanjung Jaya Village is an educational tourism village located in the Tanjung Lesung destination, Pandeglang Regency, Indonesia. Tanjung Jaya Village, surrounded by beautiful beaches and hills, is the choice of… a fun and relaxed tourist village for both domestic and foreign tourists. However, the people of Tanjung Jaya Village do not yet understand the basics of hospitality and tourism in implementing homestays. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide an understanding of Basic Knowledge related to the development of Community Based Tourism-based Tourism Villages in homestay management and Homestay Management and Service Systems. The method used here is in the form of training, while the stages start from preparation, implementation, and evaluation in the form of feedback from participants. The results of the questionnaire from the Educative category (Useful Community Service Activities and answering Participants' needs) averaged 81%, Objective (Material delivered according to conditions and problems faced by participants) averaged 86% Accountable (Material delivered clearly and understandable by the participants) the average is 82%, Transparent (Participants are actively involved in the implementation of activities) the average is 87%.   Keywords: Homestay, Training, Tanjung Jaya   Abstrak: Desa Tanjung Jaya merupakan salah satu desa wisata edukasi yang terletak di destinasi Tanjung Lesung, Kabupaten Pandeglang, Indonesia. Desa Tanjung Jaya, dikelilingi oleh pantai dan perbukitan yang indah, merupakan pilihan desa wisata yang menyenangkan dan santai bagi wisatawan domestik maupun mancanegara. Namun masyarakat Desa Tanjung Jaya belum memahaminya dasar-dasar hospitality dan pariwisata dalam pelaksanaan homestay. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman Pengetahuan Dasar terkait pengembangan Desa Wisata berbasis Community Based Tourism dalam pengelolaan homestay dan Sistem Pelayanan dan Manajemen Homestay. Metode yang digunakan disini adalah dalam bentuk pelatihan, adapaun tahapannya dimulai dari persiapan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi berupa uman balik dari peserta. Hasil kuesioner dari katagori Edukatif (Kegiatan Abdimas bermanfaat dan menjawab kebutuhan Peserta) rata-rata adalah sebesar 81% , Objektif (Materi yang disampaikan sesuai dengan kondisi dan masalah yang dihadapi peserta) rata-rata adalah sebesar 86% Akuntabel (Materi disampaikan dengan jelas dan dapat dipahami oleh peserta) sebesar  rata-rata adalah sebesar 82%, Transparan (Peserta dilibatkan secara aktif dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan) rata-rata adalah sebesar 87%.   Kata kunci: Homestay, Pelatihan, Tanjung Jaya

Pengaruh Persepsi Kemudahan, Keamanan, Dan Kepuasan Aplikasi Whatsapp Bisnis Terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan KPKNL Denpasar

Cipta, Luh Putu Surya Widi, Ariana, I Komang Agus
Abstract: As we know that at the beginning of 2020, there was a so-called Covid-19 pandemic which made almost all offices undergo Work From Home it also happened to the agencies of the State Wealth Service Office and Denpasar Auction… ion and all services were carried out online. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research. Data were collected by interview and observation methods. The result of this research is in the form of a new service with the creation of WhatsApp Business to make it easier to communicate with customers. WhatsApp Bisnis is a message-sending application specially created in order to make it easier for business people to interact with their customers. As WhatsApp has stated on its official page that WhatsApp Bisnis is specially made in accordance with the needs of agencies so that they can connect personally with customers and consumers who want to know auction info, the State Wealth Service Office and Denpasar Auctions must take advantage of the features in WhatsApp business to make it easier for customer service to provide maximum service to customers who come directly to the Denpasar KPKNL office and customers feel that they are given optimally, then they will provide feedback to the Denpasar kpknl office, which is to get a good rating from Google and the public who want to take part in the auction do not hesitate to participate in the auction on the official auction lelang. go. id. Keywords: kpknl Denpasar; covid-19 pandemic; whatsapp business   Abstrak: Seperti yang kita ketahui bahwa pada awal tahun 2020 terjadi yang namanya pandemic Covid-19 yang membuat hampir semua kantor menjalani Work From Home itu juga terjadi pada instansi Kantor Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang Denpasar dan seluruh pelayanan dilakukan secara online. Kegiatan ini merupakan jenis deskritif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara dan observasi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini yaitu berupa pelayanan baru dengan dibuatnya WhatsApp Bisnis agar lebih mudah berkomunikasi dengan customer.WhatsApp Bisnis adalah suatu aplikasi pengirim pesan yang dibuat secara khusus agar bisa memberikan kemudahan pada para pebisnis dalam berinteraksi dengan pelanggannya. Sebagaimana yang sudah dikemukakan WhatsApp di dalam laman resminya bahwa WhatsApp Bisnis dibuat khusus sesuai dengan keperluan para instansi agar bisa terhubung secara pribadi dengan customer dan konsumen yang ingin mengetahui info mengenai lelang, Kantor Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang Denpasar harus memanfaatkan fitur-fitur yang ada di dalam WhatsApp bisnis agar lebih memudahkan customer service memberikan pelayanan yang maksimal kepada customer yang datang langsung ke kantor kpknl denpasar dan customer merasa dilayani secara maksimal maka mereka akan memberikan feedback kepada kantor kpknl denpasar yaitu mendapatkan rating baik dari google dan masyarakat yang ingin mengikuti lelang tidak ragu utuk mengikuti lelang pada laman resmi lelang. go. id. Kata kunci: kpknl denpasar; pandemi covid-19; whatsapp bisnis.

Workshop And Training Of The Drug-Drug Interaction Database Using Indonesian Drug Brand Names

Parikesit, Arli Aditya, Agustriawan, David, Valeska, Margareta Deidre, Whisnu, Andreas, Firmansyah, Moch, Veneqe, Ike, Crystalia, Audrey Amira
Abstract: Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L) and Lira Medika Hospital have developed a customized drug-drug interaction database, named as DDIBase. It has a comprehensive library for providing annotation-specific… cific information toward the drug targets, mechanism, and interaction with other drugs. Hence, DDIBase is a new database with a brand-new user interface as well. In this regard, as DDIBase has currently reached beta stage of development, it is required to provide more comprehensive user feedback to improve its features. Thus, a workshop has been devised to explain the user guidelines, while a training has been conducted to provide system demo and user hand-on. The workshop and training attendees are faculty members of the i3L and Lira Medika Hospital Staffs. A survey has been developed to cater the user satisfaction toward the DDIBase. In this end, the survey has elicited good user satisfaction toward the developed user interface.

Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek Dalam Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi Untuk Membantu Peningkatan Daya Saing Umkm

Arifiyanti, Amalia Anjani, Wulansari, Anita
Abstract: Abstract: The adoption of information technology to support the running of MSME business in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic is an absolute choice. So far, the low adoption of information technology by MSME is due to low… awareness of the benefits of information technology for their business and the low ability to use information technology. Higher education institutions can assist MSME with qualified resources and capabilities in utilizing information technology in carrying out business operations to increase their business support capacity. One way of working together is through the partnership method. UMKM will become partners for students who take project-based learning. Based on the feedback from the evaluation of this learning method, the results were that both parties received a positive impact from this learning method. UMKM players will get input, knowledge, and project output products based on information technology, while students will get real experience so that they can increase the effectiveness of understanding the material they get.             Keywords: information technology adoption; msmes; project based learning; project management.     Abstrak: Pengadopsian teknologi informasi untuk mendukung berjalannya usaha bisnis UMKM di era pandemi COVID-19 menjadi pilihan mutlak. Selama ini, rendahnya adopsi teknologi informasi oleh pelaku UMKM dikarenakan faktor rendahnya kesadaran terhadap manfaat teknologi informasi terhadap bisnisnya hingga rendahnya kemampuan penggunaan teknologi informasi. Faktor-faktor ini dapat dibantu oleh pihak perguruan tinggi yang memiliki sumber daya dan kapabilitas yang mumpuni dalam hal pemanfaatan teknologi informasi untuk membantu para pelaku UMKM dalam menjalankan operasional usaha hingga meningkatkan daya dukung usahanya. Salah satu cara kerja sama adalah melalui metode kemitraan. UMKM akan menjadi mitra bagi para mahasiswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis proyek. Berdasarkan timbal balik dari evaluasi metode pembelajaran ini, hasilnya kedua belah pihak menerima dampak positif dari metode pembelajaran ini. Pelaku UMKM akan mendapatkan masukan, ilmu, hingga produk luaran proyek yang berbasis teknologi informasi, sedangkan para mahasiswa akan mendapatkan pengalaman nyata sehingga dapat meningkatkan efektifitas pemahaman materi yang diperolehnya.   Kata kunci: manajemen proyek; pembelajaran berbasis proyek; pemanfaatan teknologi informasi; umkm.

Computational Thinking (Clothing) Untuk Pembelajaran Informatika Di SMP Negeri 1 Kalimanah

Nugroho, Arief Kelik, Permadi, Ipung, Afuan, Lasmedi
Abstract: Abstract: Computational thinking (CT) basically defines the abstract accurately and covers various kinds of skills in understanding problems and determining appropriate solutions according to the rules of computing in computer… mputer science. Understanding the terminology of accuracy is used in computer science fundamentally to understand problems and find solutions that are built from these problems in a logical, structured, and systematic manner. Junior high school 1 Kalimanah is a school with a good ranking in the district because almost every year it always ranks in the top ten on the achievement index of its graduates. The condition of the students of Junior high school 1 Kalimanah is very diverse in economic background, some come from families of employees, farmers, laborers, or others. With a variety of existing economic backgrounds, the issue of ownership of computer equipment is also very limited, not all have computers/or mobile devices/smartphones. The method of application in service activities is carried out by exploration by asking questions, then elaborating and confirming by asking questions. The activity plan is carried out by providing programming learning at the intermediate level to provide motivation to learn logically and systematically so that computational computer-based learning is expected to provide a learning experience for students, especially computer programming experience, bridging the school in selecting outstanding students in the programming field. computer.           Keywords: computational thinking; functionality; Computer science; logical; systematic   Abstrak: Kajian ilmu dalam ilmu komputer adalah mengindentifikasi dengan akurat definisi, prosedure dan fungsionalitas. Pemahaman terminologi keakuratan digunakan dalam ilmu komputer secara mendasar untuk memahami masalah dan menemukan solusi yang dibangun dari masalah tersebut secara logis, terstruktus dan sistematis. Computational thinking (CT) pada dasarnya mendefinisikan abstrak secara tepat dan mengkover berbagai macam ketrampilan-ketrampilan dalam memahami masalah dan menentukan solusi yang tepat sesuai dengan kaidah komputasi dalam ilmu komputer. SMPN 1 Kalimanah merupakan sekolah dengan peringkat baik di wilayah kabupaten karena hampir setiap tahun selalu menempati rangking sepuluh besar pada indeks prestasi lulusannya. Kondisi siswa SMP N 1 Kalimanah sangat  beragam latar belakang ekonomi, ada yang berasal dari keluarga pegawai, petani, buruh atau yang lainnya. Dengan beragam latar ekonomi yang ada, maka dalam masalah kepemilikan perangkat komputer juga sangat terbatas tidak semua memiliki komputer/atau perangkat mobile/smartphone. Metode penerapan dalam kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dengan eksplorasi dengan memberikan pertanyaaan  kemudian elaborasi dan konfirmasi yakni memberi pertanyaan-pertanyaan. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan memberikan pembelajaran pemrograman pada level tingkat menengah untuk memberi motivasi belajar secara logis dan sistematis, sehingga dengan pembelajaran berbasis komputer secara komputasi diharapkan memberi pengalaman belajar bagi siswa khususnya pengalaman pemrograman komputer, menjembatani pihak sekolah dalam menyeleksi siswa-siswa berprestasi dalam bidang pemrograman komputer. Kata kunci: computational thinking; fungsionalitas; ilmu komputer; logis; sistematis