Abstract:This study aims to develop an interactive learning medium based on fundamental basketball techniques and to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing students' active participation in physical education at the junior high…
school level. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach, modifying the Borg and Gall model into nine systematic development stages, including needs analysis, design, validation, and field testing. The research subjects consisted of 30 seventh-grade students for the limited trial and 60 students for the field trial. Validation by subject matter and media experts yielded an average score of 87%, indicating that the media is highly feasible. The limited trial results showed increased student participation across three learning domains: affective (72%), cognitive (68%), and psychomotor (70%). The subsequent field trial confirmed these findings, with an average active participation score of 81%, categorized as excellent. Additionally, quantitative data from questionnaires indicated positive responses from both students and teachers, with an average score of 85%, while qualitative data from observations and interviews revealed that the media significantly improved student motivation, engagement, and conceptual understanding. The results conclude that the developed interactive learning media is content-valid, practical for implementation, and effective in enhancing students’ active participation. These findings offer empirical contributions to the development of innovative, contextual, and applicable learning media in physical education and support the reinforcement of active participation-based pedagogy at the basic education level.
Abstract:The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed the way people interact, access information, and consume media. The internet, as the cornerstone of this transformation, enables instant access to…
information beyond the limits of space and time. One prominent manifestation of this progress is the rise of social media platforms, including YouTube Shorts, which offer short-form videos in an engaging and fast-paced format. This platform has gained immense popularity, not only among adults but also among children and adolescents. While YouTube Shorts can serve as a source of education and entertainment, its unrestricted access regardless of age raises serious concerns. Children are particularly vulnerable to exposure to content that is inappropriate for their psychological development, such as verbal violence, consumerist lifestyles, deviant behavior, and misleading information. This situation prompts a fundamental question: to what extent do digital broadcasts influence students’ mindset and behavior? This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach to explore the impact of YouTube Shorts consumption on students. The findings reveal a duality of influence: on one hand, appropriate content can enhance literacy, creativity, and language proficiency. On the other hand, without proper supervision, this platform may lead to addiction, weaken social interaction, and normalize behaviors that contradict educational values. Therefore, collaboration between parents and educators is essential. Active supervision at home and digital ethics education at school are crucial to shaping a generation that is both critical and wise in navigating the digital information landscape.
Abstract:Idealism has made a significant contribution to the development of modern education, particularly in shaping curricula, learning orientations, and the reinforcement of moral values that foster students’ character formation.…
tion. The shift in educational paradigms that increasingly emphasizes intellectual and ethical dimensions demonstrates the relevance of idealist thought as a philosophical foundation that views reality as grounded in ideas, concepts, and rational consciousness. This study addresses the question of how the essence of idealism is philosophically understood and how its implications extend to religion, economics, politics, and education as spheres of human praxis. The research employs a literature review method through critical analysis of various scholarly articles discussing idealism as a philosophical school of thought and its contemporary relevance. The findings indicate that idealism posits ideas as the fundamental reality, while matter is understood as the outward manifestation of deeper inner dimensions such as mind, soul, and values. This perspective affirms that education should not merely focus on material and pragmatic aspects, but rather on the formation of character, morality, and spiritual awareness. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive synthesis between the metaphysical concepts of idealism and their multidimensional application in religion, economics, politics, and education, thereby offering an integrative perspective that underscores the urgency of ideal values in building a civilization grounded in thought and ethics.
Abstract:Psalm 15:1-5 presents an ethical framework that integrates ritual piety and social responsibility as an authentic expression of faith before God. This study is motivated by the need to formulate a comprehensive model of…
Christian ethics that emphasizes not only personal morality but also social commitment within the context of practical theology. The central issue examined is how the ethical principles contained in Psalm 15 can be theologically interpreted and operationalized for ecclesial life and social praxis. Employing a qualitative theological method with an exegetical approach to the Hebrew text, this study interprets the ethical structure of Psalm 15 from a theological–moral perspective. The findings reveal three fundamental ethical axes: first, personal integrity, which affirms moral wholeness and a life aligned with the will of God; second, relational ethics, which demands the rejection of slander, injustice, and exploitation as a form of responsibility toward others; and third, moral stability, which is rooted in the holiness of God as the foundation for sustaining an ethical life. Based on these findings, the study develops a biblical ethical model that produces Ecclesial Ethics, embodied in the formation of the congregation’s moral habitus through spiritual discipline, and Social Ethics, defined as a commitment to uphold justice, integrity, and compassion in the public sphere. The novelty of this study lies in its integrative formulation that unites ecclesial and social ethics within a single transformative ethical paradigm. The study concludes that Psalm 15 provides a holistic foundation for Christian ethics in practical theology, positioning worship and social service as an inseparable unity of faith praxis.
Abstract:This study explores the concept of covenant in the Pentateuch through a qualitative-descriptive approach that integrates historical and theological analysis of God’s covenants with Noah, Abraham, and Israel at Sinai. Historical…
istorical findings indicate that the covenantal structures in the Pentateuch correspond to treaty forms common in the Ancient Near East, particularly suzerainty treaties, yet the biblical covenants reveal a fundamental distinction by emphasizing God’s gracious initiative independent of political negotiations or human strategic interests. The theological examination affirms that the covenant is not merely a legalistic contract but a manifestation of God’s relational commitment that shapes the identity of His people as a covenant community grounded in divine faithfulness and promise. The Torah is understood as an expression of faith response arising from this covenantal relationship, rather than a prerequisite for salvation, thereby retaining its significance for the contemporary church as an ethical and spiritual framework guiding Christian praxis, character formation, and communal responsibility amid rapidly evolving social contexts. The integration of historical and theological perspectives demonstrates that the Pentateuchal covenant encompasses intertwined dynamics of grace, obligation, and identity formation, contributing theoretically to Old Testament studies, particularly covenant theology, while offering practical implications for ecclesial faith formation, the strengthening of communal spirituality, and ministry orientation rooted in a holistic understanding of the divine–human relationship. This research underscores the urgency of interpreting the Pentateuchal covenant through an interdisciplinary lens to meet the theological, ethical, and pastoral challenges faced by the church in the contemporary era.
Abstract:Ecclesiastes 9:1-6 presents a fundamental and provocative theological statement about the reality of death as an inevitable fate for all humanity, without distinguishing between the righteous and the wicked. This discourse…
se explicitly challenges the retributive ethical framework that assumes a linear relationship between morality and reward, while also revealing the existential absurdity of humans who often seek meaning through fragile worldly achievements. This study aims to interpret the pericope through an existential and contextual theological approach, focusing on its theological relevance in addressing the crisis of spirituality and ethics in modern culture dominated by ambition for power, economic exploitation, and the marginalization of transcendental values. Utilizing a reflective-critical hermeneutical method, this study argues that awareness of mortality should not lead to ontological despair, but rather serve as a starting point for forming a more authentic, relational, and ethical orientation to life. Death in this text functions as an epiphanic moment that unveils human limitations while reorienting existential focus toward God and social responsibility. The novelty of this research lies in its prophetic reading of a wisdom text that has often been interpreted pessimistically, highlighting its potential as a theological critique against modern nihilistic and anti-spiritual ideologies. This study contributes to the development of a contextual theological framework capable of constructively and transformatively responding to the crisis of meaning and ethics in contemporary society.
Abstract:Penelitian ini menguraikan peran penting pendeta dalam pertumbuhan gereja secara kualitas dan kuantitas. Gereja-gereja seringkali menghadapi berbagai tantangan, baik internal maupun eksternal, yang memerlukan pemahaman yang…
ang mendalam tentang identitas gereja dan tujuannya. Kesadaran akan masalah-masalah tersebut dan kemampuan menghadapinya adalah faktor kunci dalam mengalami pertumbuhan gereja. Pembinaan dan pemuridan anggota gereja memainkan peran fundamental dalam membangun fondasi yang kokoh untuk pertumbuhan gereja tersebut. Peran pendeta dalam konteks gereja sangatlah penting karena mereka dipanggil dan ditetapkan oleh Allah untuk memimpin dan menggembalakan jemaat. Dengan kata lain, Allah mengangkat gembala untuk menggembalakan gereja (Efesus 4:11). Di era modern, peran pendeta semakin kompleks karena gereja-gereja sering berada di tengah masyarakat yang beragam, terutama di kota-kota besar, dengan perbedaan suku, status sosial, dan latar belakang pendidikan yang beragam. Pendeta harus memiliki pemahaman yang mendalam tentang peran mereka dalam pertumbuhan gereja. Mereka bertanggung jawab melayani, mengajar, melawat, membina, dan memuridkan anggota gereja agar mereka dapat tumbuh dan berperan aktif dalam pelayanan gereja. Selain itu, pendeta juga mengorganisir pertemuan kelompok distrik, mendelegrasikan tugas melalui kelompok kecil, dan menyelenggarakan ibadah kebangunan rohani untuk membawa jiwa-jiwa baru atau orang-orang yang bertobat kepada Tuhan Yesus agar menjadi anggota gereja-Nya.
Abstract:Infant sleep quality is a fundamental biological need that plays a crucial role in growth and neurological development; however, sleep disturbances remain common among infants aged 3-6 months and are often overlooked by…
parents. This condition poses risks to physical health, emotional well-being, and overall infant development. This study aims to analyze the effect of baby massage on sleep quality among infants aged 3-6 months at Babycare Bondowoso and to identify differences in sleep quality before and after the intervention. The study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design involving 40 infants selected through total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that prior to the intervention, 87.5% of infants experienced poor sleep quality, whereas after the intervention, all infants (100%) demonstrated improvement to good sleep quality. Statistical analysis indicated a p-value of 0.00, which is lower than 0.05, confirming a significant effect of baby massage on infant sleep quality. These findings demonstrate that baby massage effectively improves sleep duration, comfort, and stability through physiological relaxation mechanisms. The novelty of this study lies in providing empirical evidence of the effectiveness of baby massage as a non-pharmacological intervention that is simple, safe, and can be independently applied by parents while offering holistic benefits for infants. The findings are expected to serve as a basis for developing health education and improving infant care practices.
Abstract:This study presents the results of a systematic literature review highlighting the effectiveness of game-based badminton learning approaches as a relevant instructional strategy in physical education. A review of eight selected…
elected articles indicates that the integration of game-oriented activities can enhance students’ fundamental technical skills, tactical understanding, and enthusiasm throughout the learning process. An in-depth analysis of the findings reveals that learning models that position students at the center of activity are able to facilitate more meaningful learning experiences through game situations that closely resemble real on-court conditions. Furthermore, the interaction patterns created through game activities contribute to the development of psychomotor skills and increase students’ readiness to engage confidently in competitive scenarios. Evaluation of various forms of implementation suggests that game-based learning innovations, whether through structured models or application-based media, hold significant potential to improve the quality of badminton instruction. Nevertheless, this review also identifies several challenges, including limited long-term studies, research concentration at specific educational levels, and insufficient exploration of affective and cognitive variables. These findings emphasize the need for further research with broader coverage to gain a deeper understanding of how game-based approaches can be implemented sustainably and deliver optimal benefits for students’ competency development across diverse physical education contexts in Indonesia.
Abstract:Stock prices represent the market’s consensus regarding the fair value of a business entity, formed through a rational assessment of both financial and non-financial information. Within the frameworks of signaling theory…
ry and market efficiency, financial ratios serve as fundamental indicators reflecting a company's ability to generate profit, manage assets, and maintain short-term liquidity stability. When the market faces systemic disruptions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and transitions toward post-pandemic normalization, investor sensitivity to internal indicators tends to increase due to heightened external uncertainty. Consequently, a deep understanding of the internal determinants of stock prices becomes increasingly critical for data-driven investment decision-making. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of the Current Ratio (CR), Return on Assets (ROA), and Total Asset Turnover (TATO) on stock prices, both partially and simultaneously, in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020-2024 period. A quantitative approach was employed, using a descriptive-verificative design and secondary data drawn from audited financial statements and annual closing stock prices. The sample consisted of 91 companies selected through purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 27. The analysis results indicate that all three independent variables have a positive and significant impact on stock prices, both individually and collectively. This study contributes to the capital market literature by highlighting the relevance of financial ratios in explaining stock price fluctuations in the post-pandemic period, a topic that remains underexplored in the context of developing countries.