Abstract:Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) commonly face challenges in independent learning and mastery of functional skills due to deficits in communication, social interaction, as well as repetitive and restricted…
behaviors. The Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) approach was developed to address the specific educational needs of this population through structured, visually based, and strengths-based learning. Although the effectiveness of TEACCH has been widely reported globally, studies systematically examining its application within the Indonesian educational context remain limited. This study aims to critically evaluate the effectiveness of the TEACCH approach in enhancing independent learning among children with ASD in Indonesia. Using a systematic review method based on the PRISMA protocol, 15 scholarly articles published between 2017 and 2024 were thematically analyzed to identify TEACCH’s contribution to increasing independence in academic contexts and activities of daily living (ADL). The analysis revealed that TEACCH implementation consistently enhances children’s independence, as indicated by significant improvements in academic task completion (with an average score increase of 34–50 points), as well as improvements in ADL skills such as dressing, eating, and maintaining personal hygiene. The success of this approach is determined by the integration of structural elements, such as environmental organization, the use of visual aids, consistent routines, and collaboration between teachers and parents. This study concludes that TEACCH is an adaptive, effective, and relevant approach for implementation within the Indonesian education system. The novelty of this research lies in its contextual focus on TEACCH application in Indonesia, as well as strategic recommendations for its integration into special education (SLB) and inclusive school curricula through systemic educator capacity-building.
Abstract:Makanan dijaga kualitasnya dari bakteri patogen yang dapat menyebabkan diare. Risiko infeksi melalui makanan tergantung pada kuantitas patogen dalam makanan. Escherichia coli merupakan flora normal saluran intestinal manusia…
usia dan sering menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia. Escherichia coli mudah menyebar antar manusia melalui tangan, makanan dan minuman yang terkontaminasi, merupakan bakteri indikator pencemaran makanan. Escherichia coli merupakan kelompok Enterobacteriaceae penghasil ESBLs sehingga bertanggung jawab terhadap peningkatan biaya perawatan, angka kesakitan, dan angka kematian. E. coli penghasil ESBLs sering ditemukan di Rumah Sakit terkait infeksi nosokomial, namun jarang sekali dilakukan penelitian keberadaan dalam memproduksi ESBLs pada infeksi komunitas. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui prevalensi Escherichia coli dan menganalisa Escherichia coli Penghasil Extended Spectrum Beta- Lactamases (ESBLs) Pada Sampel Makanan Warga Kota Bengkulu. Disain penelitian eksploratif, yaitu penelitian awal untuk memperoleh gambaran awal keberadaan E. coli penghasil ESBL dalam makanan. Data primer kuman E. coli dalam makanan didapatkan dari hasil isolasi dan identifikasi sampel makanan. Data primer E. coli penghasil ESBLs didapatkan dari hasil Uji Screening Metode Kirby Bauer ( Difusi Test ) dan Uji Konfirmasi Bakteri ESBLs Metode DDST (Double Disk Sinergy Test). Simpulan penelitian hasil uji isolasi dan identifikasi dengan menggunakan pewarnaan Gram dan uji IMViC terhadap 30 (100%) sampel dinyatakan negative terhadap kandungan E. coli. Hasil ini memenuhi syarat berdasarkan Permenkes RI No 1096/MENKES/PER/VI/2011 yakni angka bakteri E. coli pada sampel makanan, minuman, dan alat makan adalah 0 atau negatif. Hasil negatif E. coli pada 30 sampel makanan, tidak dapat dilakukan untuk identifikasi bakteri E.coli penghasil ESBLs
Abstract:Anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) mengalami hambatan signifikan dalam kemampuan kontak mata yang berdampak pada komunikasi sosial dan interaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kontak mata…
pada anak dengan ASD melalui pendekatan Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimen kasus tunggal dengan fase baseline, intervensi bertahap, dan follow-up. Subjek penelitian adalah anak laki-laki berusia 4 tahun 6 bulan dengan ASD kategori ringan-sedang di Rumah Psikologi Daneer. Intervensi dilaksanakan selama 10 pertemuan dengan pengurangan prompt secara bertahap dari prompt fisik-verbal hingga tanpa prompt. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi terstruktur dengan mengukur frekuensi dan durasi kontak mata. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan frekuensi dari 4 kali (baseline) menjadi 9 kali (follow-up) dan durasi dari 6 detik menjadi 18 detik. Peningkatan durasi kontak mata lebih konsisten dibanding frekuensi, menunjukkan peningkatan kualitas atensi visual. Pada fase follow-up, subjek mampu mempertahankan kontak mata tanpa bantuan prompt maupun reinforcement. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pendekatan ABA dengan desain bertahap efektif meningkatkan kemampuan kontak mata pada anak dengan ASD dan dapat dipertahankan dalam kondisi natural.
Abstract:Legal system development certainly cannot be separated from sociological developments that include customs, norms, culture, and religion. In terms of rapid economic development, no doubt, a country is required to have a…
rule of law that can accommodate these needs and could cover various sociological spectrums that exist and are constantly changing within its people. Indonesia as a country with the largest Muslim majority in the world, while the notion of the whole state is based on Pancasila with diverse customs and cultural norms is certainly faced with several challenges, one of which is the transformation and the implementation of living law that includes religious, as well as indigenous law into a state law. The field of economics as an example of a social event that continues to revolve, will significantly be affected in the development of legal and social science. Sharia law is no longer a codification of exclusive law limited to certain groups of people but has become a general rule not only in Indonesia but also internationally with the existence of Islamic banking system. This phenomenon certainly changes the view of the legal order that applies in society if the change is assessed through the eyes of the sociology of law in Indonesia.