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Showing 161 articles found for "Spare"

TOWARDS SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM ADOPTION USING EXTENDED TAM AND IS SUCCESS MODEL

Anjani, Heni, Inan, Dedi I., Juita, Ratna, Sanglise, Marlinda
Abstract: Abstract: By leveraging digital technology, Laporkitong enhances transparency and accountability, as well as facilitates public participation in the oversight and enforcement processes related to land use and natural resource… ource management. The Laporkitong website functions as an online reporting application aimed at documenting instances of spatial planning violations in the West Papua Province. The lack of public knowledge about the Laporkitong application has led to numerous issues. Therefore, an analysis of the adoption of the Laporkitong application is necessary. This study aims to investigate the influence of Perceived Quality, Perceived Control, and Perceived Ease of Use factors as determinants of the residents' willingness to use the Laporkitong application, employing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and DeLone and McLean IS Success (IS D&M) theories. As many as 160 valid respondents are gathered based purposive sampling technique and evaluated using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results inform that all seven hypotheses are accepted with the R-square of the intention to use is 0.273 indicationg 27.3% variance of the model can determine the outcome. Further discussion and conclusion regarding the implication of theoretical and practical contribution are also discussed.             Keywords: laporkitong; perceived control; perceived ease of use; perceived quality; technology acceptance model   Abstrak: Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi digital, Laporkitong meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas, serta memfasilitasi partisipasi publik dalam proses pengawasan dan penegakan terkait penggunaan lahan dan pengelolaan sumber daya alam. Website Laporkitong berfungsi sebagai aplikasi pelaporan online yang bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan pelanggaran perencanaan tata ruang di Provinsi Papua Barat. Minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap aplikasi Laporkitong menyebabkan banyak permasalahan. Maka dari itu perlu dilakukan analisis mengenai adopsi pada aplikasi Laporkitong. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh faktor Kualitas yang Dirasakan, Kendali yang Dirasakan, dan Kemudahan Penggunaan yang Dirasakan sebagai penentu keinginan penduduk untuk menggunakan aplikasi Laporkitong, dengan menggunakan Model Penerimaan Teknologi (TAM) dan teori Kesuksesan Sistem Informasi (IS D&M) DeLone dan McLean. Sebanyak 160 responden valid dikumpulkan berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling dan dievaluasi menggunakan Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa semua tujuh hipotesis diterima dengan R-square niat untuk menggunakan adalah 0,273, menunjukkan bahwa 27,3% variasi model dapat menentukan hasilnya. Diskusi lebih lanjut dan kesimpulan mengenai implikasi kontribusi teoritis dan praktis juga dibahas.   Kata kunci: laporkitong; pengendalian yang dirasakan; kemudahan penggunaan yang dirasakan; kualitas yang dirasakan; model penerimaan teknologi  

DESIGNING TAX ME SERVICE APPLICATIONS IN TAX CONSULTING

Joosten, Joosten, Halim, Fandi, Arianto, Jennifer, Yulinda, Cindy
Abstract: Abstract: "Tax Me" is an application engaged in tax consulting services that is run through a mobile platform. The problems that are often faced by the public, especially taxpayers, are difficulties in choosing reliable… and trusted tax consultants because many tax consultants embezzle money and slow down the tax reporting process, as well as the lack of knowledge of taxpayers about all tax regulations, a complicated and frequently changing tax system, and also there are still negative public assumptions about taxes such as corruption in taxes that have been paid by taxpayers.  The "Tax Me" application was developed using the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) system development methodology. This application was developed as a forum for tax consulting services in collaboration with the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) institution which is able to provide transparent and reliable tax consulting services. "Tax Me" is expected to be able to provide education to taxpayers, overcome taxpayers' concerns about the tax calculation and reporting process as well as in choosing a tax consultant who can be trusted. In addition, several features of the "Tax Me" application such as: NPWP, Tax Calculation, Tax Consultation, Report & Check Annual Tax Return, E-Billing & Pay Tax, Tax Reminder and Tax Article.             Keywords: directorate general of taxes (DJP); tax; tax me; taxpayer     Abstrak: “Tax Me” adalah aplikasi yang bergerak pada bidang pelayanan konsultasi pajak yang dijalankan melalui platform mobile. Masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh masyarakat khususnya Wajib Pajak adalah kesulitan dalam memilih konsultan pajak yang dapat diandalkan dan dipercaya karena banyak konsultan pajak yang menggelapkan uang dan memperlambat proses pelaporan pajak, serta kurangnya pengetahuan Wajib Pajak mengenai segala peraturan perpajakan, sistem perpajakan yang rumit dan sering berubah, dan juga masih ada anggapan negatif masyarakat tentang pajak seperti korupsi atas pajak yang telah dibayarkan oleh Wajib Pajak. Aplikasi “Tax Me” dikembangkan dengan menggunakan metodologi pengembangan sistem System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Aplikasi ini dikembangkan sebagai wadah layanan konsultasi perpajakan yang bekerja sama dengan lembaga Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) yang mampu memberikan layanan konsultasi perpajakan yang transparan dan terpercaya. “Tax Me” diharapkan mampu memberikan edukasi kepada Wajib Pajak, mengatasi kekhawatiran Wajib Pajak terhadap proses perhitungan dan pelaporan pajak juga dalam memilih konsultan pajak yang dapat di percaya. Disamping itu, beberapa fitur dari aplikasi “Tax Me” seperti: NPWP, Hitung Pajak, Konsultasi Pajak, Lapor & Periksa SPT Tahunan, E-Billing & Bayar Pajak, Pengingat Pajak dan Artikel Pajak.   Kata kunci: direktorat jenderal pajak (DJP); pajak; tax me; wajib pajak  

ASSESSING EFFECTIVENESS JEMBER REGENCY EDUCATION DEPARTMENT WEBSITE USING COBIT FRAMEWORK

Sari, Ciptianingsih Ghonita, Wardoyo, Ari Eko, A’yun, Qurrota
Abstract: Abstract: In the digital era of transformation, educational websites serve as vital platforms for transparently disseminating information to stakeholders. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Jember Regency Education… ation Department website using the COBIT 5 framework. This study aims to enhance the effectiveness and usability of the Department of Education website in Jember Regency by aligning it with stakeholders' evolving needs through comprehensive evaluation and targeted recommendations. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the research identifies challenges such as mobile optimization issues, slow loading times, security vulnerabilities, and content relevance concerns. Despite commendable accessibility, these challenges significantly impact user experience and website credibility. The findings underscore the urgent need for website optimization, improved security measures, and continuous content updates. This research provides actionable recommendations to align the website with IT governance standards, offering a roadmap for enhancement. Furthermore, the MEA Capability Results highlight discrepancies between the current scores and expected standards, indicating the necessity for comprehensive alignment with COBIT 5 guidelines to optimize website functionality and better meet user expectations.Top of Form             Keywords: COBIT 5 framework; Jember Regency Department of Education; website effectiveness     Abstrak: Pada era transformasi digital, situs web pendidikan menjadi platform penting untuk menyebarkan informasi secara transparan kepada para pemangku kepentingan. Studi ini mengevaluasi efektivitas situs web Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Jember menggunakan kerangka kerja COBIT 5. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan kegunaan situs web Dinas Pendidikan di Kabupaten Jember dengan menyelaraskannya dengan kebutuhan yang berkembang dari para pemangku kepentingan melalui evaluasi komprehensif dan rekomendasi yang ditargetkan. Dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tantangan seperti masalah optimasi seluler, waktu muat yang lambat, kerentanan keamanan, dan kekhawatiran tentang relevansi konten. Meskipun aksesibilitasnya baik, tantangan-tantangan ini secara signifikan memengaruhi pengalaman pengguna dan kredibilitas situs web. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya pengoptimalan situs web, peningkatan langkah-langkah keamanan, dan pembaruan konten yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi yang dapat dilaksanakan untuk menyelaraskan situs web dengan standar tata kelola TI, menawarkan panduan untuk peningkatan. Selain itu, hasil Kemampuan MEA menyoroti perbedaan antara skor saat ini dan standar yang diharapkan, menandakan kebutuhan akan penyesuaian yang komprehensif dengan pedoman COBIT 5 untuk mengoptimalkan fungsionalitas situs web dan memenuhi harapan pengguna dengan lebih baik. Top of Form   Kata kunci: Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Jember; efektivitas website; kerangka kerja COBIT 5

ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN ON IMPROVING DISKOMINFO SERVICES IN CENTRAL LOMBOK REGENCY USING TOGAF 9.2

Suhita, Baiq Vidisasca, Fajrillah, Asti Amalia Nur, Nurtrisha, Widyatasya Agustika
Abstract: Abstract: Currently, the increasing needs of the community to obtain efficient, effective, transparent and accountable public services. Various applications are designed in order to realize a transparent work system of accountable… ccountable funds and an increase in work processes that are fast, precise, and accurate. Therefore, local governments are now developing e-Government or in the Indonesian government known as the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE). In running SPBE, the Central Lombok Regency Government, especially the Department of Communication and Informatics, participates in developing SPBE, one of which is in the Informatics Application Division which has an Informatics Application Management Program. This research aims to support SPBE-based informatics application management services for OPDs in Central Lombok Regency and the public. This SPBE design adopts the TOGAF 9.2 approach, and is also adjusted to the Presidential Regulation on Electronic-Based Government Systems in designing. This research focuses on the Informatics Application Management Program with business process architecture domain, service architecture domain, data and information architecture domain, application architecture domain, and technology (infrastructure) architecture domain. The result of this research is a blueprint that will be used as a solution or support for the running of SPBE in the Informatics Application Management Program. Keywords: electronic-based government system, department of communication and informatics, informatics application management program, togaf 9.2 Abstrak Saat ini, meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat untuk mendapatkan pelayanan publik yang efisien, efektif, transparan dan akuntabel publik. Berbagai aplikasi di rancang agar dapat mewujudkan sistem kerja yang transparan dana akuntabel serta adanya peningkatan proses kerja yang cepat, tepat, dan akurat. Maka dari itu, Pemerintah daerah kini mengembangkan e-Government atau di pemerintahan Indonesia dikenal sebagai Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE). Dalam menjalankan SPBE Pemerintah Kabupaten Lombok Tengah khususnya Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika ikut serta mengembangkan SPBE salah satunya pada Bidang Aplikasi Informatika yang memiliki Program Pengelolaan Aplikasi Informatika. Dalam penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menunjang layanan pengelolaan aplikasi informatika berbasis SPBE bagi OPD yang ada di Kab. Lombok Tengah dan juga publik. Perancangan SPBE ini mengadopsi pendekatan TOGAF 9.2, dan juga di sesuaikan dengan Peraturan Presiden tentang Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik dalam melakukan perancangan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada Program Pengelolaan Aplikasi Informatika dengan domain arsitektur proses bisnis, domain arsitektur layanan, domain arsitektur data dan informasi, domain arsitektur ap-likasi, dan domain arsitektur teknologi (infrastruktur). Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu suatu blueprint yang nantinya akan dijadikan solusi ataupun penunjang berjalannya SPBE dalam Program Pengelolaan Aplikasi Informatika. Kata kunci: aplikasi informatika, program pengelolaan aplikasi informatika, enterprise architecture, togaf 9.2

MOTOR SPAREPART SALES APPLICATION NEW SEI KAMAH RUDI SPARE PARTS SHOP

Suparmadi, Suparmadi, Parini, Parini, Ihsan, Mhd.
Abstract: Abstract: Technology plays an important role in trading business management. The sales application is a system that performs data processing and financial transactions that are equipped with integrated management such as… sales transaction processes such as cash registers and inventory calculations or stock items. the role of this goods sales application can simplify the operational form they need and be able to increase their work effectiveness. The main objective of software procurement is to replace manual operations with technology, which is able to make the business survive in the midst of business competition and be able to develop according to expectations. Rudi Sparepart Store is a motorcycle spare parts sales store located in Sei Kamah Baru, Sei Dadap District which is engaged in sales, especially motorcycle spare parts and all motorcycle accessories. By implementing a sales application at the Rudi Spare Parts Store, it can help the shop admin process sales transactions for motorbike spare parts and reports can be generated quickly.   Keywords: application; sales ; spare parts     Abstrak: Teknologi memegang peranan penting dalam manajemen bisnis perdagangan. Aplikasi penjualan merupakan suatu sistem yang melakukan pengolahan data serta transaksi keuangan yang dilengkapi dengan manajemen terintegrasi seperti proses transaksi penjualan seperti mesin kasir dan perhitungan inventory atau stok barang. peran aplikasi penjualan barang ini dapat mempermudah bentuk operasional yang mereka butuhkan dan mampu meningkatkan efektivitas kerja mereka. Tujuan utama pengadaan perangkat lunak adalah untuk menggantikan operasi manual dengan teknologi, yang mampu membuat bisnis bertahan di tengah persaingan bisnis dan mampu berkembang sesuai harapan. Rudi Sparepart Store merupakan toko penjualan sparepart sepeda motor yang berlokasi di Sei Kamah Baru , Kecamatan Sei Dadap yang bergerak di bidang penjualan khususnya spare part sepeda motor dan segala aksesoris sepeda motor. Dengan mengimplementasikan aplikasi penjualan di Toko Sparepart Rudi dapat membantu admin toko dalam memproses transaksi penjualan spare part motor dan laporan dapat dihasilkan dengan cepat.   Kata kunci: aplikasi; penjualan ; suku cadang

SMS GATEWAY IMPLEMENTATION FOR CAR SPARE PARTS INVENTORY AT CV. MOL JAYA

Purnama, Laila, Helmiah, Fauriatun, Dermawan, Ari
Abstract: Abstract : CV. MOL JAYA is one of the CVs engaged in providing car spare parts. In terms of spare parts inventory processing in CV. Mol Jaya is still experiencing difficulties, such as not being able to find out the amount… nt of spare parts stock and sales reports that are not optimal, so the cause of work is delayed because they have to wait for parts orders from suppliers. This study aims to manage inventory and speed up the work of employees in overcoming spare parts supply problems in the Warehouse. The method in this study applies Supply Chain Management as for the stages, namely by managing raw materials, production, to distribution to end consumers in the most economical and effective way. The results of this research are in the form of a web-based goods inventory gateway sms application that has been successfully built and running well, as an information system that can assist in inventory management, quantity of spare parts stock and sales reports. The application of Supply Chain Management in a web-based application is very effective for coordinating the relationship between suppliers and CV. Mol Jaya. Keywords : Inventory; Supply Chain Management; SMS gateway Abstrak : CV. MOL JAYA merupakan salah satu CV yang bergerak dibidang menyediakan barang sperepart mobil . Dalam hal pengolahan persedian sparepart di CV. Mol Jaya masih mengalami kesulitan , seperti tidak dapat mengetahui jumlah stok onderdil dan laporan penjualan kurang maksimal , sehingga penyebab pekerjaan tertunda karena harus menunggu pemesanan onderdil dari pemasok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelola persedian barang atau inventory dan mempercepat pekerjaan karyawan dalam mengatasi permasalahan persedian sparepart di Gudang. Metode dalam penelitian ini menerapan Supply Chain Management adapun tahapannya yaitu dengan melakukan manajemen terhadap bahan baku, produksi, sampai distribusi kepada konsumen akhir dengan cara yang paling hemat dan efektif. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa aplikasi sms gateway inventory barang berbasis web yang berhasil dibangun dan berjalan dengan baik, sebagai sistem informasi yang dapat membantu dalam pengelolaan inventory , kuantitas stock suku cadang dan laporan penjualan. Penerapan Supply Chain Management pada aplikasi berbasis web sangat efektif untuk mengkoordinasikan hubungan antara pemasok dan CV. Mol Jaya. Kata Kunci : Persediaan; Manajemen Rantai Pasokan; Gerbang SMS

MULTI-PLATFORM BASED FINANCIAL STATEMENT REPORT REPOSITORY SYSTEM AT UPT.PTPH NORTH SUMATRA

Dermawan, Muhammad Rizky, Samsudin, Samsudin
Abstract: Abstract: The role of information technology and information systems are two parts that cannot be separated. Both of them developed on the response of human urgency, which then has quite crucial influence and implications… s in this era. The development of both is fast and varied, following the aspect of increasing human need for information quickly and accurately. One example of its development in this millennial era is the development of data processing tools in the form of a repository system. The repository is a storage-based service that offers digital materials in various formats managed by certain parties to its users. UPT.PTPH North Sumatra Province is a government agency engaged in the plant and horticulture sector that does not yet have a computerized information system. To obtain related information, workers or staff must manually search for the desired data. The prototyping model used in the design proved to be adaptive in dealing with change. The results of the study reveal that a multi-platform-based financial statement repository system in the form of websites and Android applications can speed up the report processing process, provide valid financial data and a more transparent and structured data management process.   Keywords: data management; information system; information technology; prototyping model; repository.     Abstrak: Peran teknologi informasi dan sistem informasi merupakan dua bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Keduanya berkembang atas respon urgensi manusia, yang kemudian memiliki pengaruh dan implikasi yang  cukup krusial pada zaman ini. Perkembangan keduanya yang cepat dan variatif, mengikuti dari aspek peningkatan kebutuhan manusia terhadap informasi secara cepat dan akurat. Salah satu contoh dari perkembangannya pada zaman millenial ini adalah  berkembangnya alat bantu pengolahan data berupa sistem repository. Repository adalah sebuah fasilitas storage-based service yang menawarkan bahan digital dalam berbagai format yang dikelola oleh pihak tertentu kepada kalangan penggunanya. UPT.PTPH Provinsi Sumatera Utara adalah instansi pemerintah yang bergerak di sektor tanaman dan hortikultura yang belum memiliki sistem informasi terkomputerisasi. Untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait, para pekerja ataupun staff harus secara manual mencari data yang diinginkan. Prototyping model yang digunakan dalam perancangan terbukti adaptif dalam menangani perubahan. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa sistem repository financial statement berbasis multi platform berupa website dan aplikasi andoid dapat mempercepat proses pengerjaan laporan, memberikan data keuangan yang valid serta proses pengelolaan data  yang lebih transparan dan terstruktur.   Kata Kunci: model prototyping; pengelolaan data; repository; sistem informasi; teknologi informasi.  

SISTEM PAKAR BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING DALAM MENGANALISA KERUSAKAN MESIN FOTOKOPI DAN PENANNGGULANGANNYA (STUDY KASUS DI Q-EL COPIER SERVICE CENTER AND DISTRIBUTOR)

Noviardi, Refli
Abstract: Abstract: Photo Copy Machine is a machine which used for duplicating data on paper for many purpose. So this Machine is very important for many people. Cause of it. This machine can be damage quickly. And photo copy’ s… ™ s machine is not a simple machine, becase all spare part in this machine is connecting one another. This condition can be worst because the comparison between machine and  technicians not balance and this condition make user need more time to fix that machine. Expert System is Computer Based system which adopting the expert skill to solve the problem base on the expert. This system is very suitable to solve the problem because with expert system, the user can know the machine damage and know how to fix this machine. And this sistem can be useful for user.with forward Chaining method. And the purpose from this research to make an expert system to analize the problem which can be realize from the machine’s operational dan fix it.   Keyword: Expert System; Damage analysis; Forward Chaining; Photocopy Machine   Abstrak:Mesin fotokopi merupakan mesin yang digunakan untuk menggandakan dokumen dalam bentuk kertas yang akan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan, tingginya kebutuhan akan mesin fotokopi ini membuat pengoperasionalan mesin sangat tinggi dalam waktu yang lama. Keadaan ini membuat kondisi mesin menjadi turun dan mudah mengalami kerusakan. Mesin fotokopi merupakan salah satu mesin yang kompleks yang saling berhubungan satu sama lain, sehingga perlu penanganan ahli dalam memperbaikinya. Keterbatasan jumlah teknisi membuat mesin yang rusak lama untuk diperbaiki, sehingga diperlukan sebuah sistem yang dapat menggantikan posisi pakar dalam memperbaiki mesin fotokopi. Sistem pakar merupakan sistem yang berbasis komputer yang mengadopsi cara kerja pakar dalam menganalisa suatu masalah dengan metode yang telah disesuaikan dengan masalah yang ada, berdasarkan masalah yang telah dijabarkan diatas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana menciptakan sebuah aplikasi sistem pakar dengan metode forward chaining untuk menganalisa kerusakan mesin dan memberikan solusi untuk memperbaiki mesin fotokopi tersebut.   Kata Kunci: Analisa Kerusakan; Forward Chaining; Fotokopi; Sistem Pakar.  

Fiscal Decentralization and Regional Financial Independence in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review

Selly Swandari, Andriawan Kustiawan, Imelda Veronica Gea, Akbar Lufi Zulfikar
Abstract: This study examines the development of fiscal decentralization and its relationship to regional financial independence in Indonesia through a systematic literature review. The objective is to synthesize empirical and conceptual… ceptual findings published between 2017 and 2026 concerning the determinants, measurement, and consequences of regional financial independence, particularly the role of local own-source revenue (PAD), intergovernmental transfers, and capital expenditure. Using a systematic search of Scopus, Google Scholar, and Garuda databases, 30 relevant articles were screened, selected, and analyzed following defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review finds that fiscal decentralization consistently strengthens local revenue mobilization and administrative accountability when accompanied by adequate institutional capacity, transparent governance, and effective management of natural and economic resources. However, the effectiveness of decentralization varies considerably across regions due to disparities in economic potential, human resources, and political commitment. The synthesis further shows that financial independence positively affects the quality of public services and regional economic growth, although the relationship is moderated by expenditure efficiency and governance quality. The novelty of this review lies in its integrative framework linking revenue-side determinants, expenditure behavior, and governance mechanisms within a single analytical narrative, an integration rarely addressed jointly in prior single-country studies. The findings offer practical implications for policymakers designing fiscal transfer formulas and for future researchers seeking to test moderating variables such as digitalization and institutional quality in the fiscal decentralization–financial independence nexus.

Implementation of the Waiting List Policy in the Administration of the Hajj Pilgrimage at the Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Central Maluku Regency

Rahawarin, Mohamad Arsad, Selanno, Hendry
Abstract: This study analyzes the implementation of the waiting list policy in the administration of the Hajj pilgrimage at the Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Central Maluku Regency. A descriptive qualitative approach… ach was used to examine how the policy is translated into public service practices, particularly in a local context where the waiting period has reached approximately 18 years, with about 2,500 prospective pilgrims and an annual quota of 135 people. Data were obtained through interviews, observation, and document review involving officials responsible for Hajj and Umrah services and relevant community informants. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that policy implementation is supported by four interrelated factors: bureaucratic structure, resources, communication, and the disposition of implementing officers. A clear organizational structure and standard operating procedures facilitate coordination and accountability. Competent human resources, adequate facilities, and the use of Siskohat strengthen service accuracy and transparency. Multi-channel communication helps reduce misunderstanding, while professional and empathetic officer attitudes build public trust. The novelty of this study lies in its local-level analysis of Hajj waiting list implementation in an archipelagic regency. The study implies that transparent, responsive, and humanistic public services are essential for maintaining fairness and legitimacy in long-term Hajj queue management.