Abstract:Abstract: Current technological developments are no stranger among students, almost all students now have an Android that is enabled to share information and be used to help with daily activities. Based on the usefulness…
of android which is only enabled to share information or as a communication tool, the service team creates training or workshops which later aims to develop students' interest in reviewing or developing technology in the field of android or in the controller field. In order for the training not to start from the ground up, the training participants were taken from the main works of private vocational schools, majoring in computers, class XI of the Department of Software Engineering (RPL), with a total number of participants of 53 people. The implementation of a two-day workshop found results, on the first day with the theme of training on IOT-based automatic switch hardware design, it was found that 46 students managed to assemble automatic hardware switches, and 7 students failed to assemble the hardware automatically perfectly. On the second day, 53 students succeeded in making an automatic software switch on Android, and during the trial, all students also managed to do it. From the two days of the workshop activities, and seen from the students' activeness and curiosity about the development of Android and the controller, many students still want to know, other developments from Android besides being used as automatic switches are based on IoT. Keyword: Royer Oscillator circuit, Power wireless transfer, Booster converter circuit
Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi saat ini sudah tidak asing dikalangan pelajar, hampir semua pelajar kini memiliki android yang difungsikan untuk berbagi informasi serta difungsikan untuk membantu kegiatan sehari hari. Berdasarkan kegunaan android yang hanya difungsikan untuk berbagi informasi atau sebagai alat komunikasi, maka tim pengabdian membuat pelatihan atau workshop yang nantinya bertujuan untuk menumbuh kembangkan minat siswa siswi dalam mengulas atau mengembangkan teknologi dibidang android dibidang controller. Agar pelatihan tidak dimulai dari dasar, maka peserta pelatihan diambil dari SMK Swasta karya utama, jurusan komputer, kelas XI Jurusan Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak (RPL), dengan total peserta 53 orang. Terselenggaranya workshop selama dua hari,mendapati hasil, pada hari pertama dengan tema pelatihan perancangan hardware switch otomatis berbasis iot, didapati 46 siswa berhasil merangkai hardwarei switch otomatis, dan 7 siswa tidak berhasil merangkai hardware otomatis secara sempurna. Dihari kedua, 53 siswa berhasil membuat software switch otomatis di android, dan pada saat uji coba, seluruh siswa juga berhasil melakukannya. Dari dua hari kegiatan workshop yang dilakukan,dan dilihat dari keaktifan dan rasa ingin tahu siswa tentang pengembangan dari android dan controller, banyak siswa yang masih ingin tahu, pengembangan lain dari android selain digunakan sebagai switch otomatis berbasis iot.
Kata Kunci: Royer Oscillator circuit, Power wireless transfer, Booster converter circuit
Abstract:Abstract: The development of information and communication technology has driven digital transformation in various sectors, including agriculture. One of the technologies widely applied is the Internet of Things (IoT), which…
hich enables devices to be interconnected through the internet to perform monitoring and data exchange in real time. In hydroponic cultivation, water quality stability is a crucial factor that affects plant growth. The main parameters that need to be monitored include water acidity level (pH), water temperature, and dissolved nutrient concentration measured using Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). However, water quality monitoring is still commonly conducted manually, making it less efficient and potentially causing delays in detecting changes in water conditions. This study aims to design an IoT-based water quality monitoring system for hydroponic cultivation using an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with pH, temperature, and TDS sensors. The collected data are sent to a server and displayed on a web dashboard in real time, equipped with automatic notification features. The proposed system is expected to improve monitoring efficiency and increase the productivity of hydroponic cultivation
Keywords: esp32; hydroponics; internet of things; real-time monitoring; water quality.
Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi mendorong transformasi digital dalam berbagai sektor, termasuk pertanian. Salah satu teknologi yang banyak diterapkan adalah Internet of Things (IoT) yang memungkinkan perangkat saling terhubung melalui jaringan internet untuk melakukan pemantauan dan pertukaran data secara real-time. Pada budidaya hidroponik, kestabilan kualitas air menjadi faktor penting yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman. Parameter utama yang perlu diperhatikan meliputi tingkat keasaman air (pH), suhu air, serta konsentrasi nutrisi terlarut yang diukur menggunakan Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Namun, pemantauan kualitas air masih banyak dilakukan secara manual sehingga kurang efisien dan berpotensi menimbulkan keterlambatan dalam mendeteksi perubahan kondisi air. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sistem pemantauan kualitas air hidroponik berbasis IoT menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 yang terintegrasi dengan sensor pH, suhu, dan TDS. Data dikirim ke server dan ditampilkan pada web dashboard secara real-time serta dilengkapi notifikasi otomatis. Sistem ini diharapkan meningkatkan efisiensi pemantauan dan produktivitas budidaya hidroponik.
Kata kunci: esp32; hidroponik; internet of things; kualitas air; monitoring real-time
Abstract:Abstract: Mental health issues, particularly depression among young adult university students, are often detected late due to stigma and reluctance to seek medical consultation. The objective of this study is to develop…
an early screening model employing machine learning techniques, specifically the random forest algorithm, on a dataset of 268 students (aged 17-29 years; consisting of 98 males and 170 females) within a multicultural educational setting. The principal challenges associated with this dataset are class imbalance and the potential for data leakage from clinical scores. This study implements a rigorous feature selection approach that involves the elimination of depression score features and the utilization of the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) to balance the training data distribution. Furthermore, a Threshold Tuning strategy is employed to prioritize detection sensitivity (Recall). The findings indicate that reducing the decision threshold to an optimal value of 0.25 led to a substantial enhancement in the recall value, increasing it from 36% (baseline) to 77%. A feature importance analysis was conducted, the results of which indicated that Total Social Connectedness (ToSC) is the most dominant predictor. In summary, the present study corroborates the notion that optimizing sensitivity through threshold tuning is of paramount importance for medical screening. Furthermore, social isolation factors emerge as more significant indicators of depression risk than demographic attributes.
Keywords: data mining; depression; imbalanced data; random forest; smote; threshold tuning
Abstrak: Masalah kesehatan mental, khususnya depresi di kalangan mahasiswa dewasa muda, sering terdeteksi terlambat akibat stigma dan enggan mencari konsultasi medis. Tujuan studi ini adalah mengembangkan model skrining dini menggunakan teknik machine learning, khususnya algoritma random forest, pada dataset 268 mahasiswa (usia 17-29 tahun; terdiri dari 98 laki-laki dan 170 perempuan) dalam lingkungan pendidikan multikultural. Tantangan utama yang terkait dengan dataset ini adalah ketidakseimbangan kelas dan potensi kebocoran data dari skor klinis. Studi ini menerapkan pendekatan seleksi fitur yang ketat, yang melibatkan eliminasi fitur skor depresi dan penggunaan Teknik Over-sampling Minoritas Sintetis (SMOTE) untuk menyeimbangkan distribusi data pelatihan. Selain itu, strategi Penyesuaian Ambang Batas diterapkan untuk memprioritaskan sensitivitas deteksi (Recall). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mengurangi ambang batas keputusan ke nilai optimal 0,25 menyebabkan peningkatan signifikan dalam nilai recall, dari 36% (dasar) menjadi 77%. Analisis pentingnya fitur dilakukan, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Total Social Connectedness (ToSC) adalah prediktor yang paling dominan. Secara ringkas, studi ini membenarkan bahwa mengoptimalkan sensitivitas melalui penyesuaian ambang batas sangat penting untuk skrining medis. Selain itu, faktor isolasi sosial muncul sebagai indikator risiko depresi yang lebih signifikan daripada atribut demografis.
Kata kunci: penambangan data; depresi; data tidak seimbang; hutan acak; smote; penyesuaian ambang batas
Abstract:Abstract: Automated batik motif classification is challenged by high inter-class similarity and texture complexity. This study proposes a hybrid model integrating MobileNetV2 as a feature extractor and Support Vector Machine…
hine (SVM) as the classifier to optimize accuracy and efficiency. Utilizing a Kaggle dataset of 8,640 images across 20 batik categories, the data was partitioned into 420 training images per class (Dayak: 360) and 15 testing images per class. The results demonstrate superior performance with 96.00% accuracy, exceeding the 90% target. The system showed high computational efficiency with a total execution time of 359.92 seconds and feature extraction taking only 22.63 seconds. This hybrid approach provides an ideal performance balance for resource-constrained mobile applications.
Keywords: batik classification; MobileNetV2; support vector machine; hybrid model; computational efficiency
Abstrak: Klasifikasi motif batik secara otomatis menghadapi tantangan kemiripan visual antar-kelas yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimalkan akurasi dan efisiensi pengenalan batik menggunakan model hibrida MobileNetV2 sebagai pengekstraksi fitur dan Support Vector Machine (SVM) sebagai klasifikator. Menggunakan dataset Kaggle berisi 8.640 citra dari 20 kategori batik, data dibagi menjadi 420 citra latih per kelas (kecuali Batik Dayak 360) dan 15 citra uji per kelas. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan performa impresif dengan akurasi 96,00%, melampaui target awal 90%. Sistem ini sangat efisien dengan total waktu eksekusi 359,92 detik, di mana ekstraksi fitur hanya membutuhkan 22,63 detik. Kombinasi MobileNetV2 dan SVM memberikan keseimbangan performa ideal untuk implementasi pada perangkat bergerak dengan sumber daya terbatas.
Kata kunci: klasifikasi batik; MobileNetV2; Support Vector Machine; Hybrid Model; efisiensi komputasi
Abstract:Abstract: Academic achievement mapping is an important process in higher education to support effective academic monitoring and guidance. In practice, student grouping is often conducted manually by academic staff using…
simple criteria such as Grade Point Average (GPA) thresholds and subjective judgment, without systematic data analysis. This study aims to apply the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm to objectively group students based on their academic achievement levels. The dataset consists of academic records from 179 sixth-semester students of the Computer Science Study Program at Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, where 160 eligible students are processed in the FCM calculation. Three variables are used: cumulative GPA, total completed credits, and the total number of low grades (D/E). The FCM algorithm automatically performs the mapping and groups students into three categories, namely excellent, stable, and at-risk students. Cluster quality is evaluated using the Silhouette Score and Davies–Bouldin Index, showing satisfactory clustering performance. The results indicate that the proposed approach provides a data-driven and objective basis for academic decision support.
Keywords: academic achievement; clustering; fuzzy c-means; student
Abstrak: Pemetaan pencapaian akademik mahasiswa merupakan proses penting dalam pendidikan tinggi untuk mendukung pemantauan dan pembinaan akademik yang tepat sasaran. Dalam praktiknya, pengelompokan mahasiswa masih sering dilakukan secara manual oleh pihak akademik berdasarkan kriteria sederhana, seperti batasan Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK) dan penilaian subjektif, tanpa analisis data yang sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan algoritma Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) untuk mengelompokkan mahasiswa secara objektif berdasarkan tingkat pencapaian akademik. Data penelitian berasal dari 179 mahasiswa semester enam Program Studi Ilmu Komputer Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, dengan 160 mahasiswa memenuhi kriteria dan diproses menggunakan algoritma FCM. Variabel yang digunakan meliputi IPK kumulatif, jumlah SKS yang telah ditempuh, dan total nilai rendah (D/E). Proses pemetaan sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh algoritma FCM dan menghasilkan tiga kategori mahasiswa, yaitu unggul, stabil, dan berisiko. Evaluasi menggunakan Silhouette Score dan Davies–Bouldin Index menunjukkan kualitas pengelompokan yang cukup baik.
Kata kunci: fuzzy c-means; clustering; mahasiswa; pencapaian akademik
Abstract:Abstract: Malaria remains a major global health problem, particularly in tropical countries such as Indonesia. Accurate early diagnosis is essential for reducing malaria-related morbidity and mortality. Conventional microscopic…
oscopic examination is time-consuming, highly dependent on expert personnel, and prone to human error. This study compares the performance of two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures, ResNet-50 and DenseNet-121, for malaria image classification. The Cell Images for Malaria dataset provided by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through Kaggle was used, consisting of 27,558 microscopic blood cell images categorized into Parasitized and Uninfected classes. The dataset was divided into 80% training data and 20% testing data. Image preprocessing included resizing to 224 × 224 pixels, normalization, labeling, and data augmentation using RandomFlip, RandomRotation, RandomZoom, and RandomContrast. Experimental results showed that the ResNet-50 model trained for 100 epochs achieved the highest performance, with an accuracy of 95.54% and precision, recall, and F1-score of 0.96. The confusion matrix indicated 5,272 correctly classified images out of 5,510 testing samples. These findings demonstrate that ResNet-50 outperformed DenseNet-121 and has strong potential for supporting accurate, reliable, and efficient computer-aided malaria diagnosis based on microscopic blood smear images.
Keywords: computer-aided diagnosis; convolutional neural network (CNN); densenet-121; early detection; image classification; malaria; microscopic blood smear images; resnet-50;
Abstrak : Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global yang serius, terutama di negara tropis seperti Indonesia. Diagnosis dini yang akurat sangat penting untuk menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas. Metode konvensional berupa pemeriksaan mikroskopis memiliki keterbatasan karena memerlukan waktu yang relatif lama, bergantung pada tenaga ahli, dan berpotensi menimbulkan kesalahan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kinerja arsitektur Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) yaitu ResNet-50 dan DenseNet-121 dalam klasifikasi citra malaria. Dataset yang digunakan berasal dari Cell Images for Malaria yang disediakan oleh National Institutes of Health (NIH) melalui platform Kaggle, terdiri dari 27.558 citra dengan pembagian 80% data latih, 20% data validasi. Tahap praproses meliputi cleaning, resizing citra menjadi 224×224 piksel, normalisasi, labeling, serta data augmentasi menggunakan RandomFlip, RandomRotation, RandomZoom, dan RandomContrast. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa model ResNet-50 pada epoch 100 memperoleh akurasi sebesar 95,54% dengan nilai precision, recall, dan F1-score masing-masing sebesar 0,96. Confusion matrix menunjukkan jumlah prediksi benar sebanyak 5.272 dari total 5.510 data uji. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa arsitektur CNN mampu mengklasifikasikan citra malaria dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi dan memiliki kemampuan generalisasi yang baik terhadap data baru. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam evaluasi performa arsitektur CNN untuk mendukung pengembangan sistem diagnosis malaria berbasis citra mikroskopis yang lebih cepat dan akurat.
Kata kunci: convolutional neural network (CNN); citra mikroskopis hapusan darah; densenet-121; diagnosis berbantuan komputer; deteksi dini; klasifikasi citra; malaria; resnet-50
Abstract:This study aims to apply the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method as a decision support tool in determining the eligibility of education grant recipients in North Sumatra Province. The background of this research arises…
from the large number of grant applicants compared to the available budget, as well as the absence of clear and objective evaluation standards. The ANP method was chosen because it allows the interdependence between assessment criteria such as institutional feasibility, performance and achievement, social and educational impact, and accountability and transparency to be analyzed comprehensively. Data were obtained through interviews, documentation, and observation at the North Sumatra Provincial Education Office. The results of the ANP model show that the criterion with the highest weight is accountability and transparency (0.44), followed by social and educational impact (0.31). Among the three alternatives, community-based education foundations (A2) obtained the highest total weight (0.30), indicating that they are the most eligible recipients of education grants. The implementation of the ANP-based decision support system produces valid and consistent ranking results (CR < 0.1), enabling faster, fairer, and more transparent decision-making. Therefore, the ANP method contributes significantly to improving governance, objectivity, and accountability in the distribution of education grants in North Sumatra Province.
Abstract:Abstract: Mental health is an essential aspect of overall well-being, particularly for university students vulnerable to emotional strain. This study aims to identify clusters of student mental health trends using the K-Means…
Means clustering technique. The research involved 60 students from four academic programs at the Faculty of Science and Technology, selected using stratified and cluster sampling techniques. Data were collected using a modified Mental Health Inventory (MHI). The results revealed distinct commonalities among majors: the Statistics program was predominantly defined by the depressed cluster at 53.3%, while Mathematics followed at 40% within the same cluster. In contrast, Biology students predominantly fell under the neu-tral/stable cluster (66.7%), whilst Information Systems students exhibited an even distribution (33.3% per cluster) without a dominant trend. The clustering quality was evaluated using the Silhouette Coefficient, yielding a range of 0.39 to 0.60. Biology (0.60) and Statistics (0.54) exhibited a reasonable structure, but Information Systems (0.39) and Mathematics (0.34) demonstrated a deficient structure. In conclusion, K-Means effectively discerns mental health patterns, providing a data-driven basis for targeted psychological interventions in educational settings.
Keywords: biology; information systems; k-means; mathematics; mental health; silhouette coefficient; statistics
Abstrak: Kesehatan mental merupakan komponen vital dari kesejahteraan total, terutama bagi maha-siswa yang rentan terhadap stres emosional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kelompok tren kesehatan mental mahasiswa melalui penerapan metode pengelompokan K-Means. Studi ini mencakup 60 mahasiswa dari empat program studi di Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, yang dipilih melalui metode pengambilan sampel bertingkat dan kelompok. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan Inventaris Kesehatan Mental (MHI) yang dimodifikasi. Temuan menunjukkan kesamaan yang jelas di antara jurusan: program studi Statistika terutama ditandai oleh kelompok depresi (53,3%), diikuti oleh Matematika dengan 40% dalam kelompok depresi. Sebaliknya, mahasiswa Biologi terutama termasuk dalam kelompok netral/stabil (66,7%), sedangkan mahasiswa Sistem Informasi memiliki distribusi yang merata (33,3% per kelompok) tanpa pola yang dominan. Kualitas pengelompokan dinilai dengan Koefisien Sil-houette, menghasilkan rentang 0,39 hingga 0,60. Biologi (0,60) dan Statistika (0,54) memiliki struktur sedang, sedangkan Sistem Informasi (0,39) dan Matematika (0,34) menunjukkan struktur yang buruk. Kesimpulannya, K-Means secara akurat mengidentifikasi tren kesehatan mental, menawarkan landasan berbasis data untuk terapi psikologis yang ditargetkan di ling-kungan pendidikan.
Kata kunci: biologi; kesehatan mental; K-Means; matematika; silhouette coefficient; sistem in-formasi; statistika
Abstract:Abstract: The increasing use of digital banking applications has led to the need for a deeper understanding of user perceptions, especially through aspect-based sentiment analysis. This study aims to classify the sentiment…
nt of SeaBank app users by focusing on four main aspects: learnability, efficiency, technical issues or errors, and satisfaction. Review data totaling 1,971 comments were collected from the Google Play Store and labeled with sentiments based on the scores (ratings) given by users. The CRISP-DM approach serves as the methodological framework for this study, which includes five classification algorithms: Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Decision Tree, and Random Forest. The evaluation results show that the SVM algorithm provides the best performance with the highest average value of the four aspects achieving accuracy of 93.91%, Precision of 91.16%, recall of 97.96% and F1-Measure of 94.33%. According to the research findings, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm provides the best performance when performing aspect-based sentiment analysis on text data from digital banking application reviews. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for the development of automated evaluation systems that rely on user opinions as the basis for decision making.
Keywords: aspects; CRISP-DM; digital Banking; seabank; sentiment analysis
Abstrak: Peningkatan pemakaian aplikasi perbankan digital mendorong perlunya pemahaman yang lebih dalam mengenai persepsi pengguna, terutama melalui analisis sentimen berbasis aspek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan sentimen pengguna aplikasi SeaBank dengan berfokus pada empat aspek utama: kemudahan dipelajari (learnability), efisiensi penggunaan (efficiency), kendala atau kesalahan teknis (error), serta tingkat kepuasan (satisfaction). Data ulasan berjumlah 1.971 komentar dikumpulkan dari Google Play Store dan diberi label sentimen berdasarkan skor (rating) yang diberikan oleh pengguna. Pendekatan CRISP-DM berfungsi sebagai kerangka metodologis untuk penelitian ini, yang mencakup lima algoritma klasifikasi: Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Decision Tree, dan Random Forest. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa algoritma SVM memberikan performa terbaik dengan nilai rata-rata dari ke empat aspek tertinggi yang mencapai accuracy sebesar 93.91%, Precision sebesar 91.16%, recall sebesar 97.96% dan F1-Measure sebesar 94.33%. Menurut temuan penelitian, algoritma Support Vector Machine (SVM) memberikan kinerja terbaik saat melakukan analisis sentimen berbasis aspek pada data teks dari ulasan aplikasi Seabank. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagi pengembangan sistem evaluasi otomatis yang mengandalkan opini pengguna sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan.
Kata kunci: Analisis Sentimen, Aspek, Bank Digital, SeaBank, CRISP-DM
Abstract:Abstract: MBG is a strategic program of the Prabowo-Gibran administration. This program has become a widely discussed issue in the public. To better understand public perception of this program, sentiment analysis is necessary.…
essary. This study aims to compare the performance of algorithms machine learning SVM, RF, And BERT with preprocessing data analyzing public sentiment of the MBG program in media X. The total dataset for this study was 39,858 out of 42,465 successfully crawled tweets. The research methods included data collection, preprocessing data (cleaning, case folding, word normalization, stopword removal and stemming), feature extraction, model training (fine-tuning), handling class imbalance with SMOTE, and evaluation using accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score. The research results show that without SMOTE, the best performing models are BERT with 89% accuracy, SVM 87%, and RF 78.4%. After SMOTE, the best algorithms were SVM with 92.94%, BERT with 88.3%, and RF with 86.59%. The results confirmed that SVM is the best algorithm if at leastclass imbalance. BERT is the best algorithm before and after SMOTE, because BERT is more effective in capturing the nuances of language on social media, so BERT is the most recommended in MBG sentiment analysis.
Keywords: sentiment analysis; machine learning; SVM, RF, and BERT
Abstrak: MBG merupakan program strategis pemerintahan Prabowo - Gibran. Program ini menjadi isu yang banyak diperbincangkan publik. Untuk mengetahui lebih dalam persepsi masyrakat tentang program ini, perlu dilakukan analisis sentiment. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kinerja algoritma machine learning SVM, RF, dan BERT dengan preprocessing data menganalisis sentiment public program MBG di media X. Total dataset penelitian ini adalah 39.858 dari 42.465 tweet yang berhasil di crawling. Metode penelitian mencakup pengumpulan data, preprocessing data (cleaning, case folding, normalisasi kata, stopword removal dan stemming), ekstraksi fitur, pelatihan model (fine-tuning), penanganan class imbalance dengan SMOTE, dan evaluasi menggunakan akurasi, presisi, recall, dan f1-score. Hasil peneltian menunjukkan, tanpa SMOTE model dengan kinerja terbaik adalah BERT dengan akurasi 89%, SVM 87%, dan RF 78,4%. Setelah SMOTE algoritma terbaik adalah SVM 92,94%, BERT 88,3% dan RF 86,59%. Hasil penelitian menegaskan bahwa SVM adalah algoritma terbaik jika minimal class imbalance. BERT adalah algoritma terbaik sebelum dan sesudah SMOTE, karena BERT lebih efektif dalam menangkap nuansa bahasa pada media sosial, sehingga BERT paling di rekomendasikan dalam analisis sentimen MBG.
Kata kunci: analisis sentimen; machine learning; SVM, RF, dan BERT