Abstract:Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major driver of internal displacement, particularly in fragile states like Libya where environmental shocks intersect with political instability and weak governance. This study…
udy investigates how climate-induced internal displacement affects social cohesion in Libya’s coastal cities, focusing on Tripoli, Misrata, and Benghazi. Using a qualitative research design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations involving internally displaced persons (IDPs), host community members, and local stakeholders. Findings reveal that environmental factors such as drought and flooding have forced vulnerable populations to migrate from Libya’s interior regions to urban coastal centers. These displacements have strained public services, exacerbated competition for resources, and led to growing tensions between displaced populations and host communities. Social trust, mutual support, and access to services have all been undermined, while IDPs often face legal invisibility, psychological stress, and marginalization. Despite these challenges, the research identifies promising local initiatives that have fostered integration and rebuilt social ties, including joint livelihood programs and inclusive municipal governance efforts. However, these efforts remain fragmented and unsustainable without broader policy support. The study concludes that to prevent further erosion of social cohesion, Libya must adopt a national legal framework to recognize and protect climate-displaced persons, strengthen municipal capacities, and integrate displacement considerations into urban planning and climate adaptation strategies. This article contributes to emerging literature on climate migration and urban resilience by providing grounded, context-specific insights into how environmental displacement reshapes the social fabric in post-conflict settings.
Abstract:This study aims to determine the reasons behind customers' reluctance to adopt electronic payments and how these factors relate to their values. To identify the characteristics of electronic payments that customers find…
objectionable and to look into the relationships between those characteristics and people's values by looking at the effects of those characteristics; to offer advice to financial institutions and service providers on how to develop appropriate strategic plans to promote electronic payments in Libya. To achieve these research objectives, the means-end chain (MEC) theory is applied in combination with hard laddering interviews as a data collection method. Subsequently, the data is analyzed using the Association Pattern Technique (APT) to produce the Hierarchical Value Map (HVM). The HVM identifies five main obstacles that keep customers from using electronic payments: a lack of awareness about the benefits and security of electronic payments, a lack of laws protecting users of electronic payments, the unpopularity of electronic payments, the cost of transactions, and the lack of e-payment discounts. The Value Map also revealed that the most important value, safety, can explain the bulk of customers' reluctance to accept electronic payments. The respondents also expressed significant concerns about the economy and the convenience of e-payments. The report offers suggestions for banks and service providers to increase e-payment usage based on these findings.
Abstract:Penelitian ini menganalisis krisis kepemimpinan pasca-kematian Saif al-Islam Gaddafi dan implikasinya terhadap stabilitas politik di Libya setelah runtuhnya rezim Muammar Gaddafi pada 2011 dalam konteks Arab Spring. Sejak…
k saat itu, Libya mengalami fragmentasi politik akibat lemahnya institusi negara, menguatnya aktor non-negara, dan konflik kekuasaan berkepanjangan. Dalam situasi tersebut, Saif al-Islam dipandang memiliki legitimasi simbolik dan potensi untuk mengkonsolidasikan kekuatan politik yang terpecah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi kasus dan analisis deskriptif-analitis berbasis data sekunder dari jurnal, laporan internasional, dan media terpercaya, dengan kerangka teori kepemimpinan karismatik, krisis suksesi, dan konsep failed state. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kematiannya memperdalam krisis kepemimpinan dengan menghilangkan figur potensial pemersatu, memperkuat peran milisi, serta meningkatkan risiko konflik, sekaligus mencerminkan lemahnya kapasitas negara dalam mengendalikan kekerasan. Disimpulkan bahwa stabilitas politik Libya tidak hanya bergantung pada institusi, tetapi juga pada keberadaan figur yang mampu mengkonsolidasikan kekuasaan; ketiadaan figur tersebut di negara yang rapuh memperbesar risiko instabilitas jangka panjang, sehingga penguatan institusi menjadi kunci stabilitas berkelanjutan.
Abstract:This study sought to identify the role of social media platforms in tourism marketing and promotion. It was also to evaluate the extent to which social media platforms used to the purpose of tourism promotion in Libya, evaluate…
valuate they're contributing to promoting tourism sites in Libya, and to evaluate their extent to which they succeeded in promoting tourism sites in Libya. The convenience sampling method was used in this study where the data was obtained from 120 respondents by using a questionnaire. The study concludes that social media platforms play a very sensitive and important role in the effectiveness of tourism marketing and promotion among all users of these media. Additionally, social media platforms have the ability to provide users with accurate and confident information about their destinations which helped them to make accurate decisions about their destinations and tourism sites that they thinking to travel to or visit. Moreover, the users of these platforms mentioned that since these platforms were available to the end-users it was characterized with their ease of use and provide the users of the ability to share and post their experiences and perspectives regarding the sites they visited. This will facilitate the opportunity for tourism destinations to share, marketing, and promoting their contents with their customers effectively and efficiently.