Abstract:The crisis of integrity, ethical disorientation, and the declining quality of strategic decision-making in contemporary leadership demand a robust and transhistorical normative foundation. The figure of King Solomon in ancient…
ncient Israelite tradition represents a prototype of leadership legitimized by divine wisdom, making it critically relevant for scholarly examination. This study addresses the problem of how the construction of Solomon’s character and the praxis of his wisdom in Old Testament texts can be transformed into a conceptual paradigm for modern leadership without falling into historical romanticism. The objective of this research is to formulate a theoretical leadership model grounded in biblical wisdom through an analysis of Solomon’s character, theological orientation, and decision-making patterns. The method employed is a theological hermeneutical approach integrated with interdisciplinary literature studies, including leadership theory, public ethics, and Old Testament theology. The analysis focuses on key narratives that portray the judicial, administrative, and spiritual dimensions of Solomon’s leadership. The findings indicate that Solomon’s wisdom is theocentric, deliberative, and oriented toward distributive justice, thereby shaping an integrative and visionary model of leadership. The relevance of these findings lies in their capacity to offer a normative framework for leadership formation rooted in transcendent morality while remaining adaptive to modern social complexity. The novelty of this study resides in the formulation of a hermeneutical reconstruction model of Solomonic wisdom as a normative-strategic paradigm for the development of contemporary leadership theory based on sacred texts.
Abstract:Ancient Israelite tradition reflects a patriarchal social structure that positioned men at the center of social, legal, and religious authority, resulting in limitations on women’s rights and roles, including access to inheritance…
inheritance law. This article addresses theological and juridical issues concerning the mechanism of legal change through the narrative of the daughters of Zelophehad in Numbers 27:1-11, which constitutes a significant turning point in Israelite legal tradition. The research problem focuses on the lack of attention in previous studies to the theological meaning of God’s decision in Numbers 27:7, as earlier research has tended to emphasize socio-cultural aspects, contextual relevance, or purely linguistic analysis. This study employs a qualitative approach based on a literature review, utilizing Hebrew textual exegesis, analysis of Israel’s patriarchal context, and a critical reading through the lens of feminist theology. The findings indicate that the daughters of Zelophehad’s claim was not merely a response to a legal vacuum, but a conscious action that positioned women as active subjects in the process of legal formation. God’s decision affirming their claim underscores divine justice that transcends the limitations of the patriarchal system and corrects institutionalized structural injustice. The conclusion affirms that this narrative presents God as the source of justice who sides with the restoration of the dignity of marginalized groups and opens space for women’s participation as agents of legal change. The novelty of this study lies in its theological interpretation that positions women not only as recipients of inheritance rights, but as pioneers of legitimate and divinely recognized legal transformation. These findings contribute to the development of feminist theology and Old Testament legal studies, while also providing a reflective foundation for gender equality discourse in contemporary theological and religious practice across cultures.
Abstract:The phenomenon of low congregation involvement in the preaching and intercessory prayer segments indicates structural and conceptual weaknesses in church worship management, which impact the quality of the congregation’s…
�s spiritual participation. Although physical attendance is maintained, the apparent spiritual absence, reflected in passive behavior or the departure of congregants during crucial liturgical moments, reveals a management failure to holistically integrate liturgical, theological, and pastoral aspects. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collected through participatory observation and in-depth interviews to examine the role of management in designing, implementing, and evaluating worship services that facilitate meaningful spiritual engagement. The analysis confirms that weak liturgical formation, the absence of a structured participatory evaluation system, and a less dialogical pastoral approach are dominant factors contributing to low congregation participation. Worship management that is purely administrative and procedural without reinforcement of the spiritual dimension contributes to a less transformative worship atmosphere. This study recommends reforming worship management through strengthening liturgical education, innovating more participatory and contextual forms of worship, and establishing worship evaluation teams involving leadership and congregants collaboratively and sustainably. The novelty of this research lies in emphasizing worship management not merely as a technical-administrative process but as a means of dynamically and contextually shaping the congregation’s spirituality, thereby providing a conceptual contribution to developing an adaptive and transformative worship management model within the modern church environment.
Abstract:The participation of women in various spheres of life has witnessed significant progress; however, it is undeniable that patriarchal culture remains deeply entrenched and continues to reproduce discriminatory practices and…
nd violence against women, including through religious interpretation. In many instances, religion inadvertently reinforces gender inequality through scriptural interpretations that are predominantly shaped by male perspectives and patriarchal structures. Therefore, a hermeneutical approach is required, one capable of deconstructing such biases and rearticulating the voices of women in a just manner. This study aims to interpret Song of Songs 3:1-5 through the lens of feminist literary criticism, specifically employing the “woman as reader” approach developed by Elaine Showalter. This approach emphasizes the experiences, voices, and agency of women as subjects within the text. Through the stages of interpretation, narrative deconstruction, and critical evaluation, the analysis reveals that the female character in this passage is portrayed as an autonomous individual who demonstrates initiative and actively expresses her love and longing. This representation subtly challenges patriarchal constructions that traditionally position women as passive objects in gender relations. On the other hand, the text also opens a reflective space to examine how women, consciously or unconsciously, may contribute to the perpetuation of systems that oppress them. Consequently, a feminist reading of Song of Songs not only unveils the emancipatory potential within the biblical text but also offers a critical and transformative hermeneutical framework. This represents an effort to reclaim a gender-just theological space and to reimagine sacred scripture as a site of both spiritual and social struggle toward justice and equality.
Abstract:Congregational growth and spiritual development of church members are the primary goals of every religious community. However, the challenges faced by the church today are not solely limited to spiritual aspects but also…
consider management aspects that support healthy and sustainable growth. This paper aims to investigate the implementation strategies of church management theory as an effort to advance congregation growth and enhance individual spiritual quality. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, allowing researchers to delve into the complexity of social situations influencing church growth. By combining data from various sources, including books, scholarly articles, and academic journals, the author presents key principles of church management theory, such as shared leadership, humility, and resource management effectiveness. Furthermore, this paper discusses factors influencing congregational growth, including the significant role of prayer, discipleship, fellowship, and testimony in shaping enthusiastic and committed communities. By applying appropriate strategies supported by strong leadership, churches can achieve meaningful and spiritually significant growth, strengthening the foundation of faith and expanding their influence in society. Thus, this paper provides a comprehensive view of the importance of integrating management theory within the church context and offers practical guidance for churches to reinforce growth and spiritual development efforts.
Abstract:The advancement of digital technology has encouraged the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in online counseling services to enhance the accessibility and quality of mental health care. The emergence of AI through…
chatbots, virtual counselors, and digital mental health platforms presents various opportunities, challenges, and ethical implications that require comprehensive examination. This study aims to analyze the opportunities offered by AI, the challenges associated with its implementation, and the ethical implications of its use in online counseling services. The study employed a literature review method with a qualitative approach, examining 15 scientific articles published between 2016 and 2026. Data were analyzed using content analysis through the synthesis of findings from previous studies. The results indicate that AI has the potential to expand access to counseling services, improve service efficiency, support preliminary assessments, and facilitate the delivery of more personalized and data-driven interventions. However, the use of AI continues to face several challenges, including limitations in understanding human emotions and social contexts, the risk of inaccurate responses, algorithmic bias, and the potential for user dependency on technology. The most prominent ethical concerns involve privacy protection, data security, algorithmic transparency, system accountability, and professional responsibility. This study concludes that AI is more appropriately positioned as a supportive tool or co-counselor for professional counselors rather than a replacement for human practitioners. The novelty of this study lies in its integration of the opportunities, challenges, and ethical implications of AI into a comprehensive analytical framework.
Abstract:The rapid advancement of information technology has encouraged companies to adopt digital marketing as a strategic approach to enhancing consumer brand awareness. Amanda Brownies Samarinda has utilized various digital platforms;…
atforms; however, the effectiveness of the implemented strategies requires further examination. This study aims to analyze the digital marketing strategies employed by Amanda Brownies Samarinda, their role in enhancing brand awareness, and the factors that support and hinder their effectiveness. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed in this research. Data were collected through observation, structured interviews, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model. The findings reveal that Amanda Brownies Samarinda implements an integrated digital marketing strategy through seven platforms, namely Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, WhatsApp Business, GoFood, GrabFood, and ShopeeFood. These strategies contribute to enhancing brand awareness through four dimensions: recognition, recall, purchase, and consumption. Consistency in visual identity, promotional intensity, ease of access to information, transaction convenience, product quality, and consumer engagement were identified as the primary factors supporting the success of digital marketing implementation. Nevertheless, the utilization of TikTok has not yet been optimized compared to the other platforms. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of the role of integrating seven digital platforms in enhancing brand awareness through the dimensions of recognition, recall, purchase, and consumption, thereby providing a more holistic understanding of digital marketing effectiveness within the culinary industry, particularly at Amanda Brownies Samarinda.
Abstract:Bankruptcy risk is a critical issue for publicly listed companies as it may threaten business sustainability and undermine investor confidence. This study aims to examine the effects of asset growth, revenue growth, market…
et valuation, property, plant and equipment (PPE), goodwill, and research and development expenditure on bankruptcy risk, proxied by the Altman Z-score, among publicly listed companies in ASEAN countries. The study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from 1,354 non-financial firms listed in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines over the 2015–2023 period, yielding a total of 7,726 firm-year observations. Data were analyzed using a fixed-effects panel regression model. The findings reveal that asset growth and goodwill exert a positive and significant effect on the Altman Z-score, whereas research and development expenditure has a negative and significant effect. Revenue growth demonstrates a marginally positive influence, while market valuation and PPE do not exhibit a significant effect on bankruptcy risk. These results suggest that corporate financial stability is determined not only by financial factors but also by the quality of strategic resources and firms’ adaptive capabilities. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory perspectives into a bankruptcy prediction framework for publicly listed companies across ASEAN countries.
Abstract:The advancement of digital technology has accelerated the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in e-counseling services to address the growing demand for mental health support in the digital era. The increasing number…
r of clients, counselors’ limited availability, and the challenges associated with conducting psychological assessments through online platforms have created a pressing need for innovative solutions. This study aims to examine the role of AI as a co-counselor, evaluate the effectiveness of its integration into e-counseling practices, and identify the challenges associated with its implementation. The study employed a Narrative Literature Review method by critically analyzing relevant scholarly publications. The findings indicate that AI functions as a collaborative partner that assists counselors in assessment processes, data analysis, emotion detection, service documentation, and the continuous monitoring of clients’ psychological conditions. The integration of AI has been shown to enhance the efficiency, accessibility, and overall quality of digital counseling services. However, its implementation continues to face significant challenges related to data privacy, information security, algorithmic bias, and limitations in understanding cultural contexts and human empathy. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive conceptualization of AI as a co-counselor that supports the entire e-counseling service cycle through a collaborative model integrating the analytical capabilities of technology with the humanistic competencies of counselors, thereby fostering more effective, ethical, and inclusive counseling services.
Abstract:The advancement of digital technology has accelerated the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in e-counseling services to enhance the accessibility and efficiency of psychological support. While offering numerous benefits,…
nefits, the use of AI also presents challenges related to the quality of therapeutic relationships, privacy, data security, and ethical considerations. This study aims to analyze the role of AI, its impacts, and the ethical challenges emerging in e-counseling services through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Data were collected from Google Scholar, GARUDA, ScienceDirect, SAGE Journals, and Crossref, covering publications from 2018 to 2026. The review of 13 selected articles revealed that AI serves as a supportive tool through chatbots, data analytics, preliminary assessments, and automated response systems that help expand access to counseling services and improve service responsiveness. The implementation of AI contributes positively by increasing efficiency and accessibility; however, it remains limited in understanding emotions, demonstrating empathy, and comprehending clients’ psychological contexts. The findings also indicate that privacy, data security, algorithmic transparency, and accountability constitute the primary ethical challenges that require careful attention. This study concludes that AI is more appropriately positioned as a complement to counselors rather than a substitute for human counselors. The novelty of this study lies in its integrated analysis of the roles, impacts, and ethical challenges of AI within a single framework, thereby providing a more comprehensive understanding of the development of e-counseling based on collaborative interaction between technology and professional counselors.