Abstract:This study is grounded in the crisis of leadership integrity within Christian education, characterized by inconsistency between teaching and the lived practice of Christian Religious Education teachers, which consequently…
y weakens the formation of students’ character. The research problem addresses how Moses’ leadership integrity in Numbers 12:3–8 is understood through exegetical analysis and how it is relevant to the leadership of contemporary Christian Religious Education teachers. This study aims to identify the principles of Moses’ leadership integrity and to formulate its theological and practical relevance for Christian education. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method through biblical exegesis, theological analysis, and practical theology based on library research. The findings indicate that Moses’ integrity is grounded in profound humility, an intimate relationship with God as the source of leadership legitimacy, and moral consistency in obedience to the divine calling despite criticism and internal conflict. The study concludes that leadership integrity is not based on formal position, but on character quality aligned with the will of God and a living spiritual relationship. Its implication for Christian Religious Education teachers is that integrity constitutes the foundation of pedagogical and spiritual authority in shaping students’ character through life example, alignment between faith and action, and deep spiritual devotion. The novelty of this research lies in integrating the exegetical study of Numbers 12:3–8 with the construction of a leadership model for Christian Religious Education teachers based on three core dimensions of Moses’ integrity, forming a coherent theological framework applicable to contemporary Christian education.
Abstract:The development of digital technology has brought significant changes to Sunday School ministry and children’s faith education in the modern era. Children, as digital native generations, are increasingly connected to visual…
isual media, audiovisual content, and internet use, causing conventional learning methods to become less engaging and less effective in fostering active learner participation. This study aims to analyze Sunday School strategies in addressing the opportunities and challenges of digitalization, the utilization of digital media for children’s spiritual growth, and the roles of teachers, churches, and families in developing relevant and transformative spiritual learning. The research employed a qualitative approach with a library research design enriched through phenomenological analysis of digitalization practices in Sunday School ministry. Data were obtained through a review of literature on Christian educational theology, child pedagogy, digital literacy, and reflective observation of the use of Bible animation videos, social media, and online learning platforms. The findings indicate that the digitalization of Sunday School ministry through Bible animation videos, YouTube, Zoom, Google Meet, and Christian learning applications enhances children’s interest, participation, and understanding of God’s Word through learning experiences that are more interactive, communicative, and contextual. The challenges of digitalization are reflected in gadget-related distractions, digital dependency, reduced learning concentration, and unequal access to technology among certain families. The study concludes that the success of digital Sunday School requires the integration of technology, teacher competence, parental guidance, digital literacy, and continuous spiritual formation. The novelty of this study lies in the development of a digital Sunday School ministry model that integrates technological media, pedagogical strategies, family supervision, and children’s spiritual formation in a holistic manner, thereby ensuring that church ministry remains adaptive, inclusive, and centered on children’s faith development in the digital era.
Abstract:Vocational education requires teachers with optimal performance in order to produce graduates who are competent and prepared to face the demands of the workforce. Teacher performance is influenced by various factors, including…
luding principal leadership and teacher workload, both of which are directly related to the implementation of instructional duties and school administration. This study focuses on the influence of principal leadership on teacher performance, the influence of teacher workload on teacher performance, and the simultaneous influence of both variables on teacher performance at SMKN 1 Puloampel. The study employed a quantitative method with a descriptive survey approach involving 55 teachers selected through a total sampling technique. Data were collected through observation and questionnaire distribution using a Likert scale and were subsequently analyzed using the t-test and F-test with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0. The findings revealed that principal leadership did not have a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, whereas teacher workload had a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. Simultaneous testing further indicated that principal leadership and teacher workload collectively did not exert a significant effect on teacher performance. These findings demonstrate that teacher performance is more strongly influenced by internal factors such as professional competence, work motivation, teaching experience, and task management abilities. The novelty of this study lies in the finding that a proportionally organized teacher workload is capable of enhancing teachers’ discipline, responsibility, and work effectiveness, while principal leadership has not yet demonstrated a significant influence on teacher performance within the vocational school environment. This study contributes to the development of vocational education management through the strengthening of teacher professionalism and balanced workload management.
Abstract:Twenty-first-century science education requires students not only to master scientific concepts but also to possess critical thinking skills to analyze, evaluate, and solve problems logically. The reality in schools indicates…
cates that science learning is still frequently teacher-centered, resulting in students’ conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills not being optimally developed. This study aimed to determine the relationship between conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills among eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri Karoaipi on the topic of the human respiratory system. The study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational research design. The research sample consisted of 25 students selected through a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using descriptive tests of conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills, while data analysis was conducted through descriptive statistics, normality testing, and simple linear regression analysis using SPSS. The findings revealed that students’ conceptual understanding was categorized as good, with a mean score of 77.36, while critical thinking skills were also categorized as good, with a mean score of 78.76. Regression analysis demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.045 and an R Square value of 0.002, indicating that the relationship between conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills was classified as very low. These findings suggest that critical thinking skills are influenced not only by conceptual mastery but also by learning strategies, problem-solving experiences, analytical activities, and student engagement during science learning. The novelty of this study lies in the empirical finding that strong conceptual mastery does not necessarily correspond to high critical thinking skills among junior high school students in rural schools, particularly on the topic of the human respiratory system.
Abstract:Twenty-first-century education requires students to possess critical thinking abilities and science process skills in order to respond to the advancement of science and technology and to solve problems scientifically and…
systematically. Empirical conditions in schools indicate that junior high school students’ critical thinking skills remain relatively low because science learning is still predominantly teacher-centered and insufficiently engages students in scientific investigation activities. This study aimed to determine the relationship between science process skills and the critical thinking skills of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri Tindaret on the topic of the human excretory system. The study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational research design. The research sample consisted of 25 students selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using a critical thinking skills test and an observation sheet assessing science process skills. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and the Pearson Product-Moment correlation test. The findings revealed that students’ critical thinking skills obtained a mean score of 75.80, while science process skills achieved a mean score of 73.00, both categorized as fairly good to high. The correlation analysis produced a coefficient value of 0.732 with a significance level of 0.000, indicating a strong and significant positive relationship between science process skills and students’ critical thinking skills. The findings further demonstrated that students who actively engaged in observation, experimentation, data processing, and scientific communication exhibited better analytical abilities and conclusion-drawing skills. The novelty of this study lies in revealing the empirical relationship between science process skills and critical thinking skills specifically in the topic of the human excretory system at SMP Negeri Tindaret, as well as in providing recommendations for science learning based on scientific investigation to strengthen students’ higher-order thinking skills in the twenty-first century.
Abstract:Research on leadership styles and the strengthening of school culture in Islamic schools has become increasingly significant in response to the growing demand for educational quality grounded in religious values. School…
principals play a strategic role in developing an adaptive, collaborative, and character-oriented organizational culture that supports students’ holistic development. This study focuses on publication trends, thematic cluster structures, and the tendencies of leadership style implementation in strengthening Islamic school culture based on bibliometric analysis. The study employed a descriptive quantitative approach using bibliometric analysis of 397 Scopus-indexed documents published between 2019-2025. Data collection was conducted using Publish or Perish, while data visualization analysis was performed using VOSviewer through keyword co-occurrence techniques. The findings reveal that school culture and distributed leadership emerged as the most dominant themes and occupied central positions within the bibliometric network. The shift in research paradigms indicates a transition from structural approaches toward participatory, collaborative, and contextual approaches in modern educational leadership. Another finding demonstrates that the concepts of Islamic school and Islamic leadership have not yet appeared prominently in international research networks, thereby indicating a significant research gap regarding the integration of Islamic values into school culture and educational leadership practices. This study concludes that the strengthening of school culture is influenced not only by the administrative capabilities of school principals, but also by their ability to foster collaboration, social relations, innovation, and the continuous internalization of moral values. The novelty of this research lies in the use of bibliometric analysis to systematically map the relationship between leadership styles and Islamic school culture, while also offering a perspective on integrating the values of amanah, shura, and exemplary conduct into modern collaborative leadership models.
Abstract:This study aims to examine the effect of volleyball learning on students’ gross motor development, which constitutes a crucial aspect in supporting adolescents’ physical fitness and movement skills. The research problem…
lem arises from the low level of students’ gross motor abilities, as indicated by weak coordination, agility, balance, and muscle strength, resulting from limited structured physical activity and the dominance of conventional teaching approaches. A quantitative approach was employed using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design to evaluate the effectiveness of systematically designed volleyball instruction. The findings reveal a significant improvement in the experimental group, with the mean score increasing from 64.28 to 78.45, while the control group showed only a modest increase from 63.91 to 68.12. Statistical analysis indicates a significant difference with a t-value of 6.214 and a significance level of 0.000, supported by an effect size of 1.28, which falls into the large category. These results confirm that volleyball-based learning is effective in enhancing overall gross motor skills through structured and varied movement activities. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive approach that integrates multiple motor components within a unified analytical framework, as well as the use of effect size to strengthen the practical significance of the findings. This study provides a meaningful contribution to the development of more innovative, interactive, and movement-based physical education learning models to optimize students’ motor development sustainably.
Abstract:The development of digital technology has transformed how elementary school children interact with information through the dominance of images, videos, and interactive media, while instructional practices remain largely…
text-based and verbal. The mismatch between children’s neurocognitive characteristics and text-based instructional design creates a pedagogical gap that may hinder memory retention, attention, and learning motivation. This study aims to analyze the urgency of visual-based learning and the impact of textual design incompatibility on student learning outcomes in the digital era. The study employs a systematic literature review approach by synthesizing findings from neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and multimedia learning theory relevant to elementary education. The results indicate that the visual system has a strong neurobiological foundation, supports faster information processing, enhances long-term retention, and strengthens the formation of conceptual mental models when integrated with verbal narration. The findings also reveal that digitalization without instructional design grounded in cognitive principles risks generating excessive cognitive load and the screen inferiority effect. The study concludes that adaptive visual integration based on multimedia principles and cognitive load management constitutes a fundamental strategy for improving the quality of elementary education. The novelty of this research lies in its integrative neuro-pedagogical approach, which systematically connects neuroscience findings, learning theories, and instructional design practices to reconstruct the paradigm of twenty-first-century learning.
Abstract:This study was motivated by the low mathematics learning outcomes of vocational high school students, which are influenced by affective factors, particularly learning interest and self-confidence. Mathematics plays a crucial…
cial role in developing students’ logical, critical, and systematic thinking skills; therefore, successful mathematics learning constitutes an essential component of vocational education. The research problem focused on the influence of learning interest and self-confidence on the mathematical cognitive learning outcomes of eleventh-grade students at SMK Negeri 7 Kabupaten Tangerang. The study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational survey design. The research sample consisted of 129 students selected through cluster sampling techniques. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires and documentation of students’ mathematics scores. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The findings revealed that learning interest did not have a significant effect on mathematics learning outcomes, contributing only 1.1%, whereas self-confidence had a significant effect with a contribution of 10.8%. Simultaneous testing demonstrated that learning interest and self-confidence collectively exerted a significant influence on mathematics learning outcomes with a contribution of 13.8%. The findings indicate that self-confidence is a more dominant affective factor than learning interest in improving the mathematical cognitive learning outcomes of vocational high school students. The novelty of this study lies in the finding that the vocational practice-oriented characteristics of vocational high school students cause learning interest not to directly influence mathematics learning outcomes, while self-confidence emerges as a more determining factor in students’ academic achievement. The results of this study are expected to serve as a foundation for developing mathematics learning strategies that are more oriented toward strengthening students’ psychological aspects.
Abstract:Early childhood is frequently understood as a golden period of development; therefore, the formulation of learning goals becomes a crucial component that influences the direction of children’s behavior, motivation, and engagement…
engagement in the learning process. Problems arise when learning goals are predominantly formulated from an adult perspective, while the characteristics of children’s cognitive development are not fully taken into account, causing learning objectives to be difficult for children to understand and internalize. This study aims to examine the formation of learning goals for early childhood through the perspective of Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory in order to obtain a conceptual understanding that is more aligned with children’s developmental stages. The research method employs a qualitative approach through a literature review of textbooks and national and international journal articles relevant to learning goals, cognitive development, and early childhood education, which are then analyzed descriptively through processes of identification, classification, and synthesis of theoretical concepts. The findings indicate that learning goals for early childhood tend to be concrete, short-term, contextual, and activity-oriented, and are not yet supported by mature self-regulation abilities. Based on Piaget’s framework, early childhood falls within the preoperational stage; therefore, understanding learning goals is highly dependent on direct experiences, play-based activities, simple symbols, and teacher guidance. The conclusion emphasizes that the design of learning goals must be consciously adjusted to children’s cognitive developmental stages so that learning objectives can be understood, meaningful, and optimally achieved. The novelty of this study lies in the conceptual integration of Piaget’s cognitive development theory with the practical formulation of learning goals in early childhood education as a theoretical–practical foundation for teachers.