Abstract:Abstract: Enormous logistical needs on General Hospital Kartini range to facilitate treatment requires a system that can predict to meet those needs with the right so as not to result in advantages and disadvantages to the…
he amount of usage that is always changing every year. At this time the calculations have been carried out with the help of software that is on a high-speed computer such as Neural Networks. Neural networks are used to predict the projection Backpropogation logistics patients based on the type of drugs Analgesics, antiemetics, vitamins, Antiepileptic, Anesthesia, Anti-Parkinson, Psychotherapeutic, Corticosteroids. This logistical projection data processing using software of Matlab 6.1. After using Backpropogation finally found the best architectural pattern is 8-3-3-1 of 5 aritektur architecture that has been tested. Of the pattern is then predicted projection logistics at General Hospital Kartini range in 2014 will increase to 91 290 from 65 422 in 2013 for an increase of 25 868 (28.33%).
Keywords: neural networks, backpropagation algorithm, projection logistics, matlab
Abstrak: Kebutuhan logistik yang sangat besar pada Rumah Sakit Umum Ibu Kartini Kisaran untuk memperlancar pengobatan membutuhkan suatu sistem yang bisa memprediksi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut dengan tepat agar tidak mengakibatkan kelebihan dan kekurangan terhadap jumlah pemakaian yang selalu berubah setiap tahunnya. Pada saat ini proses perhitungan telah banyak dilakukan dengan bantuan software-software yang ada pada komputer yang berkecepatan tinggi seperti Jaringan Saraf Tiruan. Jaringan Saraf Tiruan Backpropogation digunakan untuk memprediksi proyeksi logistik pasien berdasarkan jenis obat Analgetik, Antiemetik, Vitamin, Antiepilepsi, Anestesi, Anti Parkinson, Psikofarmaka, Kortikosteroid. Pengolahan data proyeksi logistik ini menggunakan software Matlab 6.1. Setelah menggunakan Backpropogation akhirnya ditemukan pola arsitektur yang terbaik yaitu arsitektur 8-3-3-1 dari 5 arsitektur yang telah diujikan. Dari pola tersebut kemudian diprediksi proyeksi logistik di Rumah Sakit Umum Ibu Kartini Kisaran pada tahun 2014 akan meningkat menjadi 91290 dari tahun 2013 sebesar 65422 atau meningkat sebesar 25868 (28,33%).
Kata Kunci: jaringan saraf tiruan, algoritma backpropagation, proyeksi logistik, matlab
Abstract:The rights of justice collaborators (JCs) to obtain sentence reductions in murder cases remain inconsistently applied within Indonesia’s criminal justice system. This research addresses three core issues: the normative legal…
legal basis for JC rights, the consistency of judicial decisions in granting those rights, and the necessity for legal reform. Using a normative juridical approach supported by document analysis and expert interviews, the study examines Law No. 31/2014, SEMA No. 4/2011, and recent judicial decisions, including the high-profile cases of Richard Eliezer and Abdul Khoir. Findings reveal that while legal provisions exist, the absence of detailed indicators, formal mechanisms for status determination, and binding multi-institutional coordination leads to implementation gaps. Judicial discretion remains unchecked, resulting in unequal treatment of justice collaborators with similar contributions. The study concludes that a lex specialis law is urgently needed to standardize definitions, evaluation mechanisms, and inter-agency protection schemes. Recommendations include harmonization of technical norms, incorporation of JC recognition in verdicts, and alignment with UNCAC and UNTOC standards. This would strengthen legal certainty, uphold the principle of nulla poena sine lege, and enhance the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in addressing serious crimes through systemic cooperation.
Abstract:The rapid advancement of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI) in the twenty-first century has fundamentally transformed the structure of modern constitutional governance. Digitalization has reshaped the interactions…
teractions between governments and citizens, altered the patterns of political participation, and presented major challenges to constitutional principles. This study aims to analyze the implications of technological development for constitutional law and propose the concept of a digital constitution as an adaptive framework in the AI era. This study employs a normative legal method, using both conceptual and statutory approaches. Legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources, which are analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. The findings reveal that, while digital transformation enhances governmental efficiency and public transparency, it also generates serious risks, including data misuse, digital surveillance, and political disinformation. These dynamics demand a reinterpretation of constitutional norms to protect citizens' digital rights in cyberspace. The concept of a digital constitution is proposed as a normative response that integrates digital rights into constitutional rights and reaffirms the principle of the rule of law within technological governance. To achieve a democratic and just constitutional order, it is crucial to strengthen regulatory frameworks, ensure algorithmic accountability, and foster collaboration among state institutions, civil society, and the private sector. Ultimately, constitutional law must evolve into an adaptive, transparent, and fair system that can address the profound challenges of the digital and AI-driven era.
Abstract:The teaching profession plays a strategic role in advancing national education, as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. However, teachers frequently face challenges, including threats of physical…
al violence from students’ parents, which undermine their dignity and safety in the educational environment. This study addresses the problem of how legal frameworks provide protection for teachers and whether existing regulations adequately ensure their rights and security. The research aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for teachers under the Criminal Code, Law No. 14 of 2005 on Teachers and Lecturers, Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, and Ministerial Regulations concerning teacher protection. The study employs a normative juridical method with a statute, conceptual, and case approach, relying on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, analyzed through qualitative interpretation and juridical argumentation. The results indicate that although legal instruments exist, their implementation remains weak due to the absence of technical regulations, limited institutional coordination, and insufficient support systems for teachers at the school level. The study concludes that derivative regulations and integrated mechanisms are essential for ensuring effective protection. It recommends strengthening inter-agency coordination, establishing school-level protection units, and enhancing teachers’ legal literacy.
Abstract:This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for consumers in digital transactions in Indonesia. The method used is library research with a normative juridical approach. The results of the study indicate…
ate that Indonesia actually has an adequate legal basis to protect digital consumers, which is primarily sourced from Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. These regulations have set out basic principles such as the obligation of business actors to provide honest information, consumer rights to security, and the recognition of electronic evidence. However, its implementation in the field encounters various significant obstacles. Case studies on e-commerce and fintech platforms reveal that consumer losses still often occur, such as products that do not match the description, difficulties with refunds, and the vulnerability of personal data. The key finding of this study is that the main challenge lies not in the legal vacuum, but in three aspects: (1) low digital literacy and consumer law so that they are not optimal in fighting for their rights; (2) alternative dispute resolution mechanisms such as BPSK and ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) which are not yet effective, fast, and easily accessible; and (3) weak supervision and law enforcement against unscrupulous business actors in the digital space. Therefore, it is concluded that digital consumer protection efforts require a holistic approach that relies not only on regulations, but also through massive public education, strengthening dispute resolution institutions, and closer synergy between the government, business actors, and the community.
Abstract:Justice collaborators, or "crown witnesses," have become essential in modern criminal justice systems, particularly in dismantling organized crime and uncovering complex murder cases. This study explores the legal protections…
tions afforded to justice collaborators in Indonesia through a doctrinal analysis of the Supreme Court Decision No. 1704 K/PID.SUS/2022, commonly known as the Richard Eliezer verdict. The objective is to critically examine the adequacy and application of legal safeguards provided to individuals who cooperate with law enforcement while implicated in serious crimes. Employing normative legal research methods and a statutory and case approach, the paper reveals discrepancies in the implementation of protections for justice collaborators. While the Indonesian Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) offers procedural protections, this analysis identifies significant gaps in enforcement, judicial interpretation, and institutional coordination. The findings underscore a need for stronger legislative frameworks and consistent judicial standards to uphold the rights and safety of justice collaborators. The implications extend to criminal law reform and the balancing of retributive justice with restorative mechanisms. This study contributes to the legal discourse on human rights protections in criminal procedure, particularly concerning vulnerable individuals assisting the justice system under duress or threat.
Abstract:Freight forwarding agreements in Indonesia frequently contain exoneration clauses that exempt logistics providers from liability for loss or damage, raising serious concerns regarding consumer protection. While such clauses…
ses are designed to manage contractual risk, they often conflict with the principles enshrined in Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK), particularly those ensuring fairness, good faith, and legal accountability. This study investigates the legality and ethical implications of exoneration clauses within standard-form freight forwarding contracts used by companies such as JNE, TIKI, and SiCepat. Employing a doctrinal legal research methodology, the study integrates statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches to analyze primary legislation, judicial decisions, and relevant legal doctrines. It critically evaluates the use of these clauses in light of consumer rights, contract theory, and the economic impact on service quality. Findings reveal that exoneration clauses not only contravene the UUPK but also create systemic contractual imbalances due to the lack of negotiation opportunities and transparency. The study proposes a normative legal framework for reform, including clause classification, interactive consent mechanisms, and regulatory enforcement to ensure contractual fairness. This research contributes to both legal scholarship and policy development by highlighting the urgent need for doctrinal clarity and regulatory oversight in Indonesia's logistics sector.
Abstract:This study examines the fulfillment of remission rights for drug offenders in Indonesia following the enactment of Government Regulation No. 99 of 2012, which introduced restrictive provisions inconsistent with the rehabilitative…
ilitative vision of Law No. 12 of 1995. The research problem lies in the normative contradiction between correctional laws oriented toward behavioural reform and derivative regulations that prioritise punitive measures. The study aims to evaluate the implementation of remission regulations and their alignment with principles of justice and human rights. Employing a normative legal research design, it analyses statutes, judicial decisions, doctrines, and comparative law. Findings reveal that remission has shifted from a universal right to a conditional privilege, disproportionately affecting low-level drug offenders, exacerbating prison overcrowding, and weakening legal certainty. The study concludes that policy reform is necessary through individualised assessments, restorative justice integration, independent oversight, and regulatory harmonisation to restore fairness and uphold human rights.
Abstract:The Province of Papua holds a special constitutional status under Law No. 2 of 2021, implemented through Government Regulation (PP) No. 106 of 2021, which assigns 23 governmental functions to regional authorities. The regulation…
gulation embodies asymmetric decentralization intended to protect the rights of Indigenous Papuans (OAP) and address local needs. However, it raises legal concerns regarding ambiguous authority distribution between central, provincial, and municipal levels, as well as the unclear operational role of the Papuan People’s Assembly (MRP). The main research problem is whether PP No. 106/2021 provides a coherent and constitutionally consistent governance framework. This study applies doctrinal legal research using normative-analytical methods, including statutory interpretation, constitutional tests, and comparative perspectives. The findings indicate weak accountability mechanisms in managing Special Autonomy Funds, limited integration of customary law, and institutional fragility in newly established bodies such as BP-DOP and UPAP. The study concludes that PP No. 106/2021 does not fully align with the constitutional principles of legal certainty and decentralization. It recommends substantial revisions, strengthening MRP’s legal status, formal recognition of customary law through Perdasus, and an institutional blueprint with clear performance indicators to ensure effective, inclusive, and adaptive governance in Papua
Abstract:The aim of this research is to analyze the evolution and contribution of artificial intelligence (AI) in the Indonesian education system. This research aims to understand how AI technology has developed and been applied…
in various aspects of education, from administration, personalized learning, to evaluating learning outcomes. The research methods used are literature studies and secondary data analysis from various sources, including academic journals, government reports, and case studies of AI implementation in a number of educational institutions in Indonesia. The research results show that AI has made a significant contribution to improving administrative efficiency, facilitating more adaptive learning, and providing in-depth data analysis for educational decision making. However, challenges such as the digital divide, limited infrastructure, and the need to increase teacher competency in using AI technology still need to be overcome. This research concludes that with the right policy support and investment in infrastructure and training, AI has great potential to transform Indonesian education in a more inclusive and quality direction.