Abstract:Pembaruan hukum pidana nasional melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP Baru) menandai perubahan paradigma sistem pemidanaan di Indonesia dari orientasi yang bersifat retributif…
butif menuju pendekatan yang lebih humanis, restoratif, dan rehabilitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara yuridis tujuan pemidanaan dalam pembaruan hukum pidana berdasarkan KUHP Baru serta mengkaji relevansinya terhadap arah pembangunan sistem pemidanaan nasional. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perumusan tujuan pemidanaan dalam Pasal 51 dan pedoman pemidanaan dalam Pasal 52 KUHP Baru memberikan arah baru bagi kebijakan hukum pidana nasional dengan menempatkan pemidanaan tidak lagi semata-mata sebagai sarana pembalasan, melainkan sebagai instrumen untuk mencegah tindak pidana, melindungi masyarakat, membina dan merehabilitasi pelaku, menyelesaikan konflik, memulihkan keseimbangan sosial, serta menumbuhkan tanggung jawab dan penyesalan pelaku tanpa merendahkan martabat kemanusiaannya. Reformulasi tersebut mencerminkan integrasi teori pemidanaan modern, prinsip keadilan restoratif, individualisasi pidana, dan nilai-nilai Pancasila sebagai dasar filosofis hukum pidana nasional. Dengan demikian, tujuan pemidanaan dalam KUHP Baru menjadi landasan normatif bagi hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan yang lebih proporsional, berkeadilan, memberikan kepastian hukum, serta menghasilkan kemanfaatan bagi korban, pelaku, masyarakat, dan negara. Implementasi tujuan pemidanaan tersebut diharapkan mampu mewujudkan sistem pemidanaan nasional yang adaptif, berorientasi pada perlindungan masyarakat, serta selaras dengan perkembangan hukum pidana modern.
The renewal of the national criminal law through Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (New Criminal Code) marks a paradigm shift in the penal system in Indonesia from a retributive orientation to a more humane, restorative, and rehabilitative approach. This study aims to juridically analyze the purpose of punishment in the reform of the criminal law based on the New Criminal Code and examine its relevance to the direction of development of the national penal system. The research uses a normative legal research method with a normative juridical approach. The data used are secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials obtained through literature studies, then analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the study show that the formulation of the purpose of punishment in Article 51 and the penal guidelines in Article 52 of the New Criminal Code provides a new direction for national criminal law policy by placing punishment no longer solely as a means of retribution, but as an instrument to prevent criminal acts, protect society, foster and rehabilitate perpetrators, resolve conflicts, restore social balance, and foster responsibility and remorse for perpetrators without degrading their human dignity. The reformulation reflects the integration of modern criminal theory, the principle of restorative justice, criminal individualization, and the values of Pancasila as the philosophical basis of national criminal law. Thus, the purpose of punishment in the New Criminal Code becomes a normative basis for judges to render more proportionate sentences, fairness, provide legal certainty, and produce benefits for victims, perpetrators, society, and the state. The implementation of the penal goals is expected to be able to realize a national penal system that is adaptive, oriented towards community protection, and in line with the development of modern criminal law.
Abstract:Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana membawa perubahan penting dalam sistem pemidanaan Indonesia, termasuk pengaturan mengenai pengulangan tindak pidana sebagai dasar pemberatan…
beratan pidana. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis reformulasi pengaturan residivisme dalam KUHP Nasional sebagai dasar pemberatan pidana, khususnya dalam membangun pengaturan yang lebih jelas, sistematis, dan memberikan kepastian hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif dengan menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan dan bahan hukum yang relevan dengan pengaturan residivisme serta pemberatan pidana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan residivisme dalam KUHP lama melalui Pasal 486, Pasal 487, dan Pasal 488 memiliki karakter terbatas karena pemberatan dikaitkan dengan kelompok tindak pidana tertentu. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan kompleksitas dalam penerapan dan membutuhkan identifikasi riwayat kriminal pelaku secara tepat. KUHP Nasional melalui Pasal 23 memberikan pengaturan yang lebih terstruktur mengenai pengulangan tindak pidana berdasarkan tenggang waktu dan karakteristik tindak pidana, sedangkan Pasal 58 huruf c menempatkan pengulangan tindak pidana sebagai faktor yang memperberat pidana dan Pasal 59 mengatur batas pemberatan paling banyak sepertiga dari maksimum ancaman pidana. Reformulasi tersebut memperlihatkan upaya memperjelas hubungan antara pengulangan tindak pidana dan pemberatan pidana. Namun, penerapannya tetap perlu memperhatikan proporsionalitas, kepastian hukum, tujuan pemidanaan, pembinaan, pencegahan pengulangan, dan reintegrasi sosial. Dengan demikian, reformulasi residivisme perlu diarahkan pada konstruksi yang konsisten dan terukur agar pemberatan pidana tidak hanya berorientasi pada penambahan berat sanksi, tetapi juga mendukung pencegahan residivisme. Pengaturan yang demikian diharapkan mampu memberikan pedoman yang lebih pasti bagi hakim dan aparat penegak hukum dalam menerapkan pemberatan terhadap pelaku yang mengulangi tindak pidana.
The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code has brought important changes in the Indonesian penal system, including regulations regarding the repetition of criminal acts as the basis for criminal charges. This study aims to analyze the reformulation of recidivism regulations in the National Criminal Code as the basis for criminal charges, especially in building clearer, systematic, and more legal certainty regulations. This research uses a prescriptive normative legal research method by examining laws and regulations and legal materials relevant to the regulation of recidivism and criminal charges. The results of the study show that the regulation of recidivism in the old Criminal Code through Article 486, Article 487, and Article 488 has a limited character because the charges are associated with certain groups of criminal acts. This condition creates complexity in implementation and requires proper identification of the criminal history of the perpetrator. The National Criminal Code through Article 23 provides a more structured regulation regarding the repetition of criminal acts based on the grace period and characteristics of the criminal act, while Article 58 letter c places the repetition of criminal acts as a factor that aggravates the crime and Article 59 regulates the limit of the aggravation of a maximum of one-third of the maximum criminal threat. The reformulation shows an effort to clarify the relationship between the repetition of a criminal act and the aggravation of a criminal offense. However, its application still needs to pay attention to proportionality, legal certainty, the purpose of criminalization, coaching, prevention of repetition, and social reintegration. Thus, the reformulation of recidivism needs to be directed at a consistent and measurable construction so that criminal repetition is not only oriented towards increasing the severity of sanctions, but also supports the prevention of recidivism. Such an arrangement is expected to be able to provide a more definite guideline for judges and law enforcement officials in applying the burden to perpetrators who repeat criminal acts.
Abstract:This article discusses the evolution of civil law in modern society, from its traditional roots to the transformation influenced by social, economic, and technological developments. Civil law , which is rooted in tradition,…
on, law old , continue develop For adapt self with complexity life public moment This . This study examines important milestones in the development of civil law, including codification, judicial reform, and integration of international legal standards. In addition, this article highlights modern challenges such as digitalization, globalization, and human rights protection that drive significant changes in the principles and application of civil law. Thus, this article emphasizes that civil law is dynamic, capable of preserving fundamental values while adapting to innovations in order to serve justice effectively in the modern era.
Abstract:This article examines the role of Jalāl al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Suyūṭī (d. 911 AH/1505 CE) in reformulating the rules of Arabic grammar (naḥw) within Egypt's Mamluk-era madrasah tradition. Naḥw historiography has largely…
aphy has largely centred on early figures such as Sībawayh and al-Mubarrad, positioning post-classical scholars like al-Suyūṭī merely as compilers lacking methodological originality. Using library research with a historical-philological approach to al-Suyūṭī's grammatical works, particularly Ham‘ al-Hawāmi‘, al-Iqtirāḥ fī ‘Ilm Uṣūl al-Naḥw, and al-Muzhir, this study finds that al-Suyūṭī undertook three key methodological steps: codifying and systematizing rules across the Baṣrah, Kūfah, and Baghdad schools; strengthening naḥw's epistemological foundation through uṣūl al-naḥw; and popularizing grammatical rules for madrasah pedagogy through concise, graded writing. These steps established al-Suyūṭī's works as standard references in Egypt's naḥw curriculum and beyond. The article concludes that al-Suyūṭī's endeavor was a form of methodological ijtihād bridging classical grammatical tradition with post-classical pedagogical needs, showing that post-classical scholarship reflected consolidation and pedagogical innovation rather than stagnation.
Abstract:The growth of the gig economy in Indonesia has triggered significant transformations in the traditional labour structure. This study aims to analyse the impact of the gig economy on workers' employment patterns, income,…
and social protection using a literature review method. The results of the analysis show that the gig economy offers flexibility and new employment opportunities but also increases income uncertainty and widens the social protection gap between gig and traditional workers. In addition, there is a skills disruption that requires increased digital literacy and worker adaptability. This research recommends the need for labour regulation reform, strengthening portable social security systems, and expanding access to digital training so that the gig economy can provide inclusive and sustainable benefits for the entire Indonesian workforce.
Abstract:The development of the gig economy and cross-border remote work has significantly changed the face of the world of work but also poses complex regulatory challenges. This research aims to identify and analyse the regulatory…
ory challenges faced in the context of the gig economy and cross-border remote work and evaluate the policy responses from various countries. The method used is a literature review by examining scientific literature, national and international regulations, and related policy reports. The results showed that the unclear legal status of workers, differences in regulations between countries, taxation issues, and limited social protection are the main obstacles. This research recommends the need for adaptive regulatory reforms and international collaboration to create an inclusive and equitable legal framework to support sustainable growth of the digital economy and protect workers' rights.
Abstract:This study aims to analyse the implementation of bureaucratic reform and its impact on public service transparency in Indonesia. Through a qualitative approach with a literature review, this study found that bureaucratic…
reforms carried out through organisational restructuring, simplification of procedures, strengthening human resources, and the use of information technology have encouraged the creation of more open and accountable public services. The digitisation of services and the public complaints system expanded public access to information and increased participation in service oversight. The results show that public service transparency has improved significantly, although challenges remain in terms of apparatus resistance and infrastructure limitations. Thus, bureaucratic reform plays an important role in realising governance that is transparent, efficient and responsive to the needs of society.
Abstract:Medical crimes are a complex issue in the criminal justice system in Indonesia. The concept of resolving medical crimes needs to be seen from a Restorative Justice perspective to create a more holistic and fair approach.…
Restorative Justice emphasizes the restoration of damaged relationships, not just punishment of the perpetrator. In this context, this research explores the application of Restorative Justice principles in resolving medical crimes. This research uses normative and empirical legal research methods to analyze the development and implementation of Restorative Justice in handling medical crimes in Indonesia. Findings indicate the need for reform in the criminal justice system to integrate Restorative Justice approaches. Implementation of this concept can improve justice, victim satisfaction, and rehabilitation of perpetrators of medical crimes. The results of this research are expected to contribute to further understanding of the effectiveness of Restorative Justice in dealing with medical crimes in Indonesia. The practical implication is the need to improve regulations and increase awareness of actors in the criminal justice system to ensure that justice and recovery are the main focus in handling medical crimes.
Abstract:Penelitian ini menganalisis defisit firewall normatif dalam perlindungan data keselamatan pada pendidikan penerbang Indonesia serta membangun konsep Double Burden Vulnerability (DBV) pada taruna pra-lisensi. Metode socio-legal…
-legal digunakan dengan bobot dominan analisis doktrinal terhadap ICAO Annex 19 Edisi Ketiga, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP, PM 2 Tahun 2026, dan Safety Management System Manual, yang didukung wawancara semi-terstruktur terhadap 14 informan. Tiga belas transkrip dikodekan dalam NVivo melalui dua siklus, sedangkan satu wawancara ahli digunakan untuk validasi doktrinal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 359 Undang-Undang Penerbangan membentuk firewall hanya untuk hasil investigasi kecelakaan dan kejadian serius, sementara Pasal 584 ayat (1) KUHP 2023 memidana kealpaan biasa tanpa mensyaratkan korban. Ketidakpastian status taruna berulang pada tingkat internasional, nasional, dan institusional, serta termanifestasi sebagai ketakutan melapor, quiescent silence, penyaringan oleh senioritas, dan anonimitas yang bersyarat. Reformasi memerlukan ambang kesalahan yang lebih tinggi, perlindungan pelapor yang operasional, dan pengakuan eksplisit taruna sebagai subjek yang dilindungi.
This study examines the normative firewall deficit in safety-data protection within Indonesian pilot education and develops the concept of Double Burden Vulnerability (DBV) for pre-licence cadets. A socio-legal design was employed, weighted toward doctrinal analysis of ICAO Annex 19 Third Edition, Law Number 1 of 2009 on Aviation, Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Penal Code, Minister of Transportation Regulation PM 2 of 2026, and the institutional Safety Management System Manual, supported by semi-structured interviews with 14 informants. Thirteen transcripts were coded in NVivo through two cycles, while one legal-expert interview was used for doctrinal validation. The findings show that Article 359 of the Aviation Law provides a firewall only for investigation records concerning accidents and serious incidents, whereas Article 584(1) of the 2023 Penal Code criminalises ordinary negligence without requiring a victim. Cadets’ uncertain legal status recurs across international, national, and institutional rules and manifests socially as fear of reporting, quiescent silence, seniority-based filtering, and conditional anonymity. Reform requires a higher culpability threshold, operational reporter protection, and explicit recognition of cadets as protected reporting subjects.
Abstract:The purpose of this study is to examine the development of education in Indonesia from the colonial era through the reform period, analyzed within the framework of legal foundations. The method employed in this article is…
s library research, which serves to elaborate on the discussion of Indonesian education during the colonial period and the post-independence era up to the reform era, viewed from a legal perspective. The findings indicate that education in the colonial period was politically driven, primarily serving Dutch interests in exploiting Indonesia’s natural resources and economy. In contrast, during the post-independence period through the reform era, education was implemented in a structured manner and underwent several refinements, beginning with the 1947 curriculum and continuing through 1952, 1964, 1968, 1975, 1984, 1994, 2004, 2006, 2013, and culminating in the Merdeka Curriculum. In the post-independence era, education was oriented toward shaping individuals based on the principles of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.