Abstract:Pertumbuhan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) memengaruhi cara anak-anak berinteraksi di dunia digital, termasuk melalui platform permainan daring seperti Roblox. Di samping memberikan dampak positif dalam hal pendidikan,…
didikan, seperti stimulasi kreativitas dan kerja sama tim, Roblox juga menimbulkan potensi bahaya terkait paparan konten yang tidak pantas, contohnya kekerasan, ujaran kebencian, dan eksploitasi daring. Kajian ini berupaya untuk mengkaji bagaimana peran orang tua dalam menjaga anaknya dari materi negatif dalam permainan daring Roblox, menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini bakal mengkaji kerangka-kerangka hukum dalam negeri yang relevan, seperti dalam Pasal 28B ayat (2) dari Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, yang mana UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 soal Perlindungan Anak, serta UU Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik nom de plume UU ITE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa walaupun aturan hukum di Indonesia secara teori sudah memberikan perlindungan buat anak-anak di dunia advanced, penerapannya di lapangan masih jauh dari sempurna. Ini terjadi karena kemampuan orang tua dalam hal literasi digital yang masih rendah, plus kurangnya pengawasan terhadap aktivitas anak di dunia maya. Karena itu, penting banget untuk memperkuat keterlibatan orang tua, di mana mereka berperan sebagai pemberi fasilitas, pendamping, dan pengawas kegiatan online anak. Kerja sama yang kuat antara keluarga, pemerintah, dan para pembuat platform digital jadi kunci utama buat menciptakan ruang digital yang aman, sesuai dengan prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak.
Abstract:The discourse on casino legalization in Indonesia arises as a response to the widespread illegal gambling that remains difficult to eradicate despite being prohibited under the Criminal Code (KUHP), Law No. 7 of 1974, and…
d the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE). The gap between legal norms (das sollen) and social reality (das sein) shows that prohibition alone has not been effective. This research uses a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach based on legislation and a comparative approach, particularly examining Malaysia and Singapore, which have successfully managed casinos through strict regulations. The findings indicate that casino legalization in Indonesia could serve as an alternative fiscal policy, provided that clear regulations are established, ensuring economic benefits such as increased state revenue and effective control over illegal gambling, without undermining national morals and values.
Abstract:Penelitian ini mengkaji transformasi cinta pada tokoh Zulaikha dalam novel Yusuf Zulaikha karya Abidah El Khalieqy melalui perspektif psikoanalisis Erich Fromm. Fokus kajian diarahkan pada peralihan bentuk cinta dari cinta…
ta Eros yang berorientasi pada hasrat, kepemilikan, dan pemuasan diri menuju cinta Agape yang bersifat spiritual, altruistik, dan memberi tanpa pamrih. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis teks sastra. Data diperoleh melalui pembacaan intensif terhadap teks novel dengan mengidentifikasi kutipan, motif, dialog, serta simbol-simbol yang merepresentasikan dinamika psikologis tokoh, kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan konsep jenis-jenis cinta menurut Fromm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cinta Eros pada diri Zulaikha ditandai oleh ketertarikan emosional yang intens, konflik batin, dan krisis moral akibat pertentangan antara hasrat pribadi dan nilai religius. Seiring perjalanan naratif, Zulaikha mengalami transformasi menuju cinta Agape yang ditandai dengan kedewasaan emosional, pengendalian diri, kesadaran tanggung jawab personal, serta kemampuan mencintai tanpa kehilangan integritas diri. Transformasi ini menegaskan pandangan Fromm bahwa cinta sejati merupakan kekuatan produktif yang membebaskan manusia dari keterikatan egoistik dan mengarahkan pada pertumbuhan spiritual. Kajian ini memperkaya pemahaman interdisipliner antara psikologi dan sastra, khususnya dalam konteks sastra Indonesia yang mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai religius.
Abstract:This study critically examines the constitutionality of Indonesia’s presidential candidacy threshold under Article 222 of Law No. 7 of 2017 in relation to the principle of popular sovereignty in Article 1(2) of the 1945…
5 Constitution. The threshold requiring a party or coalition to hold 20% of DPR seats or 25% of the popular vote has been controversial for limiting voter choice and reinforcing oligarchic dominance. Using a normative legal research method, the study applies doctrinal interpretation through grammatical, systematic, historical, and teleological approaches to evaluate whether the threshold is consistent with constitutional democracy. The analysis identifies a disconnect between the legislative rule and the constitutional concept of sovereignty residing with the people, informed by theories of democracy, sovereignty, and progressive legal thought. While procedurally legitimate, the threshold lacks substantive constitutional validity because of its exclusionary impact on political participation. The study proposes four reform options: repeal, proportional adjustment, judicial reinterpretation, and constitutional amendment. These reforms would realign electoral rules with democratic principles and restore voters’ political agency. A doctrinal reinterpretation model is offered, framing the threshold as a regulatory instrument rather than a rigid barrier, advocating a legal structure that promotes inclusivity and reflects the people’s general will.
Abstract:This research examines the application of the Brain-Based Learning (BBL) model to reduce math anxiety in teaching fractions at the elementary school level. This study used a quantitative approach with a pretest–posttest…
t quasi-experimental control group design involving two fifth-grade classes: one experimental class that received fraction instruction through BBL and one control class that was taught using conventional methods, with 40 students in each group. Mathematics anxiety related to fractions was measured using a modified mathematics anxiety scale for elementary school students, while fraction achievement was evaluated through a valid written test. The results showed that both groups had relatively equivalent initial abilities, supported by normal and homogeneous pretest data and no significant differences in pretest scores. After the intervention, the experimental class showed consistently lower levels of anxiety related to fractions in all dimensions (tests/assessments, classroom learning situations, fraction tasks, and fraction avoidance) and significantly higher post-test scores than the control class, with an average difference of about seven points. The findings show that BBL, which aligns the learning process with the way the brain naturally learns by fostering positive emotions, multisensory experiences, and meaningful social interaction, is effective in improving students' understanding of fractions while simultaneously reducing their math anxiety. This study offers a unique perspective by conducting an experimental trial of BBL as a targeted intervention for math anxiety related to fractions in Indonesian elementary schools and highlighting its potential as a neuroeducation-based pedagogical strategy to foster numeracy and emotional well-being in math learning.
Abstract:The teaching profession plays a strategic role in advancing national education, as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. However, teachers frequently face challenges, including threats of physical…
al violence from students’ parents, which undermine their dignity and safety in the educational environment. This study addresses the problem of how legal frameworks provide protection for teachers and whether existing regulations adequately ensure their rights and security. The research aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for teachers under the Criminal Code, Law No. 14 of 2005 on Teachers and Lecturers, Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, and Ministerial Regulations concerning teacher protection. The study employs a normative juridical method with a statute, conceptual, and case approach, relying on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, analyzed through qualitative interpretation and juridical argumentation. The results indicate that although legal instruments exist, their implementation remains weak due to the absence of technical regulations, limited institutional coordination, and insufficient support systems for teachers at the school level. The study concludes that derivative regulations and integrated mechanisms are essential for ensuring effective protection. It recommends strengthening inter-agency coordination, establishing school-level protection units, and enhancing teachers’ legal literacy.
Abstract:This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for consumers in digital transactions in Indonesia. The method used is library research with a normative juridical approach. The results of the study indicate…
ate that Indonesia actually has an adequate legal basis to protect digital consumers, which is primarily sourced from Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. These regulations have set out basic principles such as the obligation of business actors to provide honest information, consumer rights to security, and the recognition of electronic evidence. However, its implementation in the field encounters various significant obstacles. Case studies on e-commerce and fintech platforms reveal that consumer losses still often occur, such as products that do not match the description, difficulties with refunds, and the vulnerability of personal data. The key finding of this study is that the main challenge lies not in the legal vacuum, but in three aspects: (1) low digital literacy and consumer law so that they are not optimal in fighting for their rights; (2) alternative dispute resolution mechanisms such as BPSK and ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) which are not yet effective, fast, and easily accessible; and (3) weak supervision and law enforcement against unscrupulous business actors in the digital space. Therefore, it is concluded that digital consumer protection efforts require a holistic approach that relies not only on regulations, but also through massive public education, strengthening dispute resolution institutions, and closer synergy between the government, business actors, and the community.
Abstract:Justice collaborators, or "crown witnesses," have become essential in modern criminal justice systems, particularly in dismantling organized crime and uncovering complex murder cases. This study explores the legal protections…
tions afforded to justice collaborators in Indonesia through a doctrinal analysis of the Supreme Court Decision No. 1704 K/PID.SUS/2022, commonly known as the Richard Eliezer verdict. The objective is to critically examine the adequacy and application of legal safeguards provided to individuals who cooperate with law enforcement while implicated in serious crimes. Employing normative legal research methods and a statutory and case approach, the paper reveals discrepancies in the implementation of protections for justice collaborators. While the Indonesian Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) offers procedural protections, this analysis identifies significant gaps in enforcement, judicial interpretation, and institutional coordination. The findings underscore a need for stronger legislative frameworks and consistent judicial standards to uphold the rights and safety of justice collaborators. The implications extend to criminal law reform and the balancing of retributive justice with restorative mechanisms. This study contributes to the legal discourse on human rights protections in criminal procedure, particularly concerning vulnerable individuals assisting the justice system under duress or threat.
Abstract:Freight forwarding agreements in Indonesia frequently contain exoneration clauses that exempt logistics providers from liability for loss or damage, raising serious concerns regarding consumer protection. While such clauses…
ses are designed to manage contractual risk, they often conflict with the principles enshrined in Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK), particularly those ensuring fairness, good faith, and legal accountability. This study investigates the legality and ethical implications of exoneration clauses within standard-form freight forwarding contracts used by companies such as JNE, TIKI, and SiCepat. Employing a doctrinal legal research methodology, the study integrates statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches to analyze primary legislation, judicial decisions, and relevant legal doctrines. It critically evaluates the use of these clauses in light of consumer rights, contract theory, and the economic impact on service quality. Findings reveal that exoneration clauses not only contravene the UUPK but also create systemic contractual imbalances due to the lack of negotiation opportunities and transparency. The study proposes a normative legal framework for reform, including clause classification, interactive consent mechanisms, and regulatory enforcement to ensure contractual fairness. This research contributes to both legal scholarship and policy development by highlighting the urgent need for doctrinal clarity and regulatory oversight in Indonesia's logistics sector.
Abstract:The Indonesian capital market plays a pivotal role in mobilising long-term financing for corporations and providing investment opportunities to the public. However, persistent stock fraud cases undermine market integrity…
and investor confidence. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the existing legal framework for investor protection against stock fraud, analyse its practical implementation, and recommend measures to strengthen both preventive and repressive mechanisms. Employing a normative legal research design with a qualitative approach, the study integrates statute, conceptual, and case approaches, focusing on Law No. 8 of 1995 on Capital Markets, OJK regulations, the Criminal Code, and notable cases such as PT Hanson International Tbk. The findings reveal that while the legal framework normatively aligns with the Legal Protection Theory, Justice Theory, and Legal Effectiveness Theory, substantial gaps remain between regulation and enforcement. Weak supervisory coordination, delayed intervention, lengthy judicial processes, and low investor legal literacy reduce effectiveness. Recommended reforms include adopting regtech and suptech, enhancing cross-agency data integration, implementing AI-based surveillance, establishing a specialised capital market court, and strengthening investor education. The study concludes that combining regulatory improvements, adaptive enforcement, and public legal empowerment is essential to safeguard investors, maintain market integrity, and promote sustainable economic growth.