Abstract:Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana memperkenalkan pengakuan bersalah sebagai mekanisme baru yang tersebar dalam Pasal 78, Pasal 205, dan Pasal 234. Ketiga ketentuan…
n tersebut sama-sama memberi ruang percepatan pemeriksaan perkara, tetapi membentuk kedalaman pengujian hakim yang berbeda terhadap kesukarelaan pengakuan terdakwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsistensi standar pengawasan hakim dalam tiga jalur pengakuan bersalah serta merumuskan parameter minimum yang menjamin pengakuan diberikan secara bebas, sadar, tanpa paksaan, dan berdasarkan pemahaman penuh. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Bahan hukum utama meliputi UU Nomor 20 Tahun 2025, SEMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2026, serta Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 213/PUU-XXIV/2026. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 205 memuat pengujian paling mendalam karena mewajibkan hakim menelusuri kualitas pemeriksaan pada tahap penyidikan dan penuntutan, sedangkan Pasal 78 menekankan kesukarelaan, pendampingan advokat, pemahaman konsekuensi, dan dukungan dua alat bukti. Pasal 234 menggunakan pengujian yang lebih ringkas. Perbedaan ini dapat menimbulkan disparitas tingkat perlindungan terdakwa. Penelitian menawarkan Model Uji Keabsahan Lima Parameter yang mencakup kelayakan prosedural, pendampingan hukum efektif, pemahaman dan pelepasan hak secara sadar, kebebasan dari tekanan, serta dasar faktual dan dokumentasi pengakuan sebagai standar minimum yang dapat diterapkan lintas ketentuan.
The enactment of Law Number 20 of 2025 on the Criminal Procedure Code introduced guilty plea mechanisms through Articles 78, 205, and 234. Although all three provisions facilitate an expedited criminal process, they establish different levels of judicial scrutiny over the voluntariness of a defendant's admission. This study examines the consistency of judicial review standards across the three mechanisms and formulates minimum safeguards to ensure that a guilty plea is made freely, knowingly, without coercion, and with full understanding of its legal consequences. The research employs normative legal methods using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The main legal materials are Law Number 20 of 2025, Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 1 of 2026, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 213/PUU-XXIV/2026. The study finds that Article 205 provides the most intensive scrutiny because the judge must review the quality of investigation and prosecution, while Article 78 emphasizes voluntariness, effective legal assistance, informed consequences, and support by two lawful items of evidence. Article 234 adopts a more concise examination. This disparity may produce unequal protection among defendants. The article proposes a Five-Parameter Validity Test covering procedural eligibility, effective legal assistance, informed waiver of rights, freedom from coercion, and factual basis with adequate documentation as a minimum standard across all guilty plea mechanisms.
Abstract:Program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) merupakan program strategis nasional untuk mempercepat pendaftaran tanah guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum hak atas tanah. Pelaksanaannya yang bersifat massal berpotensi…
menimbulkan ketidaksesuaian data fisik dan data yuridis yang dapat memengaruhi keabsahan sertipikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bentuk-bentuk ketidaksesuaian data fisik dan data yuridis dalam pelaksanaan PTSL, akibat hukumnya terhadap keabsahan sertipikat hak atas tanah, pihak yang berpotensi bertanggung jawab, serta mekanisme penyelesaiannya. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, kasus, dan komparatif, melalui penelaahan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang didukung dokumentasi kasus pada Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Serang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidaksesuaian data fisik berupa perbedaan luas, batas, dan tumpang tindih bidang, serta ketidaksesuaian data yuridis berupa kekeliruan identitas, alas hak, dan klaim ganda berpotensi menimbulkan cacat administratif maupun cacat yuridis pada sertipikat. Panitia Ajudikasi PTSL berkedudukan sebagai pihak yang bertanggung jawab utama secara kelembagaan, dengan dukungan Satuan Tugas Fisik dan Satuan Tugas Yuridis; Kantor Pertanahan dan pemohon dapat pula dimintai pertanggungjawaban apabila kelalaian atau kesalahan terbukti. Penyelesaian dilakukan secara bertahap sesuai jenis permasalahan, mulai dari pembetulan data dan mediasi hingga pembatalan sertipikat melalui mekanisme administratif atau peradilan.
The Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program is a national strategic program intended to accelerate land registration and realize legal certainty over land rights. Its mass implementation may result in discrepancies between physical and juridical data that can affect the validity of land title certificates. This study analyzes the forms of physical and juridical data discrepancies in PTSL, their legal consequences for certificate validity, potentially liable parties, and available settlement mechanisms. This normative juridical study employs statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches by examining primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials supported by case documentation from the Serang Regency Land Office. The findings indicate that discrepancies in physical data, including differences in area, boundaries, and overlapping plots, as well as discrepancies in juridical data, including identity errors, defective bases of title, and multiple claims, may result in administrative and/or juridical defects in certificates. The PTSL Adjudication Committee bears primary institutional responsibility, assisted by the Physical and Juridical Task Forces, while the Land Office and applicants may also be held responsible where negligence or fault is proven. Settlement is conducted progressively according to the nature of the problem, ranging from data correction and mediation to certificate cancellation through administrative or judicial mechanisms.
Abstract:Increasing the legal responsibility of hospitals in the management of drugs and medical devices is a strategic step in improving the quality of health services and protecting patient rights. Hospitals have an obligation…
to ensure that all drugs and medical devices used meet the standards of safety, effectiveness, and compliance with applicable regulations. Good governance includes distribution supervision, stock management, and usage control, which serve to minimise risks to patients. In addition, improper management can potentially lead to legal consequences in the form of sanctions or prosecution. Overall, strengthening the legal responsibility of hospitals is an important element in creating a safer, more efficient and reliable healthcare system in accordance with regulatory standards and medical ethics.
Abstract:The police who serve as investigators carry out the investigation process and the police who serve as investigators carry out the investigation. The process of inquiry and investigation is a very important thing in criminal…
nal procedural law, because in its implementation it often has to touch on the degree and/or dignity of the individual under suspicion, therefore one of the important mottos in criminal procedural law is that the essence of investigating criminal cases is to to clear up the problem, to pursue the perpetrator of the crime, while preventing innocent people from acting inappropriately. Regarding the authority of investigators, of course there are efforts that can be made by the reported party if he has been named a suspect or other efforts that can be taken by the reported party if an Inquiries/investigation error occurs.
Abstract:This research is motivated by the consequences of the raw material ordering method which is still subjective, namely based on visual estimates without a structured system. This results in The coral experiencing a decrease…
e in revenue and losses. The purpose of this study is to find out how the inventory management system at The coral in Fodo Village, Gunungsitoli City, To find out the application of the Just-In-Time method in the potato raw material inventory management system increases the efficiency of producing French fries, To find out how the effectiveness of the Just-In-Time method in reducing raw material waste and ensuring optimal raw material availability for producing French fries at The coral. This study uses a quantitative research approach, namely a research method that emphasizes objective measurements and statistical analysis of numerical data to test the established hypothesis. This study uses a company method approach and a just-in-time method that aims to test the independent and dependent variables between the company method and the just-in-time method. Thus, from the comparison of the two methods above, it can be concluded that purchasing raw potato raw material inventory using the just-in-time method at The coral can minimize raw material inventory according to production needs, to avoid damage to raw material stocks that affect the quality of raw materials such as potatoes that are easily damaged.
Abstract:Direct incentive programs from a brand manufacturer to a distributor's sales force are uncommon in the Indonesian B2B lighting sector, and their consequences for portfolio composition and distributor profitability have not…
ot been empirically tested. This study examines whether a flat 3 percent quarterly bonus, applied uniformly across a portfolio of more than three hundred products spanning a 600-fold price range, produces unintended consequences beyond its stated goal of volume growth. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design is used. The quantitative phase analyses 781 product-quarter observations covering 326 products over eleven quarters from mid-2023 through end-2025. The qualitative phase uses confirmatory interviews with seventeen informants from distributor management and sales teams. The incentive program successfully drives all four sales performance dimensions measured in the study, covering volume growth, revenue share, transaction frequency, and a cumulative growth index, all of which are statistically significant. However, higher-priced products attract significantly fewer transactions per quarter and grow more slowly over time. Seven of eight hypotheses are supported. Qualitative findings confirm that the incentive effect adds to total selling activity rather than redirecting it, but transaction attention consistently concentrates on lower-priced products across the eleven-quarter period. The study extends agency theory to a three-party setting and provides the first panel-level evidence of composition effects from a uniform sales incentive in Indonesian B2B distribution.
Abstract:Electronic Medical Records (EMR) are designed to improve service quality, documentation accuracy, and administrative efficiency, including reimbursement through the Indonesian Case-Based Groups (INA-CBGs). However, incomplete…
plete medical assessments remain a challenge, potentially leading to service gaps and reduced hospital claims. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted at Dharma Yadnya General Hospital, Denpasar, which has fully implemented EMR since 2024. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with five informants: two medical record officers, the head of the emergency nursing unit, the head of the inpatient nursing unit, and the head of the medical record department. Data analysis used the 3M framework: Man, Method, and Material. From the Man aspect, heavy workloads of doctors and the lack of administrative support staff often caused delays and incomplete documentation. From the Method aspect, although Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and system reminders existed, monitoring relied mainly on manual follow-ups via WhatsApp groups, limiting effectiveness. From the Material aspect, the EMR system was user-friendly and supported by weekly vendor maintenance, but occasional network disruptions and insufficient administrative staff still hampered real-time documentation. Incomplete medical assessments in EMR directly affect INA-CBGs claims, especially when comorbidities, complications, or procedures are not recorded, resulting in under-coding and reduced reimbursement. Strengthening human resources, enforcing SOPs, and improving system support are essential to ensure documentation completeness, service quality, and financial sustainability
Abstract:In binding the sale and purchase agreement between two parties must be carried out and obeyed in accordance with Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code states that an agreement made legally will bind the parties as…
binding as the law and become law for them. The agreed agreement will give birth to obligations that must be carried out by the parties, if not carried out, there will be default due to breach of the agreed agreement. As happened between Baniyamin as the buyer and the late Muhammad Husen as the seller in the binding of the shophouse sale and purchase agreement, there was a default due to the seller not delivering the object of sale and purchase, the buyer had fully paid the price of the shophouse but did not get his rights so that the buyer was disadvantaged in the sale and purchase agreement. The results showed that the buyer made several efforts to obtain his compensation rights for defaults made by the heirs starting from family settlements, giving warning letters twice but there was still no response, and filing a default lawsuit to the Court. The heirs' responsibility for the testator's debt initially planned to pay Rp. 50,000,000. This amount is insufficient from the total loss suffered by the buyer, so that at the time of mediation in the Court the buyer gave the option to the heirs to be able to make payments in stages with a minimum of paying half of the total loss suffered, but the heirs were not able to do so.
Abstract:Violation. Ethics. Profession. Notary Public. can occur. In. Various forms, ranging from non-compliance with obligations to maintain confidentiality, permission from authorities, to making deeds that do not comply with legal…
egal procedures. Many factors can trigger this violation, such as a lack of understanding of the code of ethics, economic pressure, and conflicts of interest. The impact of these violations not only harms the image of the notary profession, but also has the potential to reduce public trust in legal institutions as a whole.This research adopts a normative-juridical method, which involves literature study and analysis of secondary data. Data that includes secondary sources such as statutory regulations, scientific journals, research results, and so on is an important reference in understanding the authority of Article 67 paragraph (1) of the Law on the Position of Notaries (UUJN) which states that supervision of notaries is carried out by the Minister. In carrying out this supervision, the Minister formed a Notary Supervisory Council which is tasked with ensuring notary compliance with applicable regulations. Supervising notaries is a Supervisory Council created by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. This institution consists of the Regional Supervisory Council (MPD), Regional Supervisory Council (MPW), and Central Supervisory Council (MPP).According to I Gede A.B. Wiranata, there are eight factors that can influence the decline in morality in the legal profession. These factors include profession, business orientation in carrying out the profession, lack of social awareness and care, stagnation in the justice system, influence of position, consumer lifestyle, weak faith, and the influence of family characteristics. If a notary is involved in violations such as falsifying client data, making deeds that favor one party, or providing false information to clients, this can threaten his career. The client has the right to report the action to the Honorary Council to provide sanctions to the notary in accordance with the applicable code of ethics. Apart from that, clients can also report these actions to the police, which could potentially result in criminal legal consequences for the notary concerned. Therefore, notaries are obliged to carry out their duties based on a professional code of ethics.In general, the position of a notary is regulated in Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notaries, which has been updated through Law Number 2 of 2014, and based on the guidelines contained in the Notary Code of Ethics prepared by the Indonesian Notary Association (INI) in 2005 and updated in 2015.
Abstract:The phenomenon of escalating anime consumption as a form of entertainment among junior high school students (Sekolah Menengah Pertama, SMP) generates an imperative to comprehend its psychological and educational ramifications,…
tions, particularly concerning learning motivation. This study employs a systematic literature review methodology to analyze the correlation between anime exposure and the learning motivation levels of SMP students, with a particular focus on both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational dimensions. The synthesized literature reveals that anime, through its narrative complexity, visual quality, and motivational character portrayal, functions as a stimulus capable of enhancing intrinsic motivation by instilling ethical values and achievement-oriented zeal, as well as facilitating extrinsic motivation via social recognition incentives and identity aspirations. This augmentation in motivation contributes positively to increased concentration, active participation, and learning perseverance. Nonetheless, findings also indicate potential risks of diminished learning efficacy attributable to disproportionate time allocation towards excessive anime viewing, which may adversely impact academic performance. The contribution of this research lies in the integration of motivational theory (intrinsic and extrinsic) with media effects theory within the context of anime genres—particularly the action genre—to explicate the dynamics of media influence on cognitive, affective, and behavioral learning facets. Overall, the study concludes that the influence of anime consumption on junior high school students’ learning motivation is dualistic in nature; anime can serve as a facilitative medium for learning motivation when consumed in a controlled manner. Therefore, time management and content comprehension emerge as critical factors in optimizing the educational benefits of anime consumption without eliciting detrimental consequences on academic achievement.