Abstract:Perkawinan anak masih menjadi persoalan hukum di Indonesia meskipun batas usia minimum perkawinan telah dinaikkan menjadi 19 tahun melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019. Kenaikan usia ini justru meningkatkan permohonan…
an dispensasi kawin ke Pengadilan Agama, sehingga menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai kesesuaian pemberian dispensasi dengan ketentuan yang berlaku serta dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam mengabulkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian pemberian dispensasi kawin pasca perubahan batas usia perkawinan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 dan PERMA Nomor 5 Tahun 2019, serta menganalisis dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam Penetapan Nomor 2006/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Srg berdasarkan PERMA RI Nomor 5 Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus dan konseptual. Bahan hukum primer berupa Penetapan Nomor 2006/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Srg dan peraturan terkait dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dispensasi kawin telah sesuai secara formal-prosedural dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 dan PERMA Nomor 5 Tahun 2019, karena hakim telah menempuh seluruh tahapan prosedural yang diwajibkan. Namun, dari sisi materiil alasan berupa kekhawatiran perbuatan menyimpang dari ajaran agama Islam bersifat umum sehingga standar "alasan sangat mendesak" cenderung diterapkan longgar. Dasar pertimbangan hakim terdiri atas unsur formil berupa kewenangan dan kelengkapan syarat administratif, serta unsur materiil berupa fakta hubungan asmara calon mempelai dan penerapan kaidah fikih dar'u al-mafasid muqaddamun ala jalbi al-mashalih, yang ditinjau dari Teori Perkawinan telah memuat sebagian aspek kesiapan calon mempelai namun belum komprehensif pada aspek kesiapan psikologis.
Child marriage remains a legal issue in Indonesia even though the minimum age for marriage has been raised to 19 years through Law Number 16 of 2019. This increase in age has actually increased applications for marriage dispensation to the Religious Courts, raising questions regarding the conformity of granted dispensations with applicable regulations and the judge's basis for consideration in granting them. This study aims to analyze the conformity of granting marriage dispensation after the change in the minimum age limit for marriage based on Law Number 16 of 2019 and Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) Number 5 of 2019, as well as to analyze the judge's basis for consideration in Decree Number 2006/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Srg based on PERMA Number 5 of 2019. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory, case, and conceptual approach. Primary legal materials, including Decree Number 2006/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Srg and related regulations, were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The research results show that the granting of marriage dispensation is formally and procedurally in conformity with Law Number 16 of 2019 and PERMA Number 5 of 2019, as the judge followed all required procedural steps. However, from a substantive standpoint, the reasoning concerning acts deviating from Islamic teachings is general in nature, so the "very urgent reason" standard tends to be applied loosely. The judge's basis for consideration consists of formal elements, namely authority and completeness of administrative requirements, and material elements, namely the fact of the romantic relationship between the prospective spouses and the application of the fiqh principle of dar'u al-mafasid muqaddamun ala jalbi al-mashalih, which, when reviewed through Marriage Theory, has addressed some aspects of the prospective spouses' readiness but has not been comprehensive regarding psychological readiness.
Abstract:Penelitian ini mengkaji pertanggungjawaban hukum seorang direktur yang menggunakan aset pribadinya untuk memenuhi kewajiban pembayaran pesangon perusahaan, khususnya ditinjau dari Pasal 1338 KUH Perdata dan Undang-Undang…
Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keabsahan perjanjian yang melibatkan penggunaan aset pribadi direktur serta untuk menentukan dasar hukum pertanggungjawaban direktur atas pembayaran hak-hak karyawan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Bahan hukum dianalisis secara deskriptif dan kualitatif melalui penalaran deduktif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian di mana seorang direktur secara sukarela berjanji menggunakan aset pribadinya untuk menjamin atau memenuhi kewajiban pesangon perusahaan dapat mengikat secara sah selama memenuhi syarat sahnya perjanjian berdasarkan Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata. Pertanggungjawaban pribadi direktur timbul dari hubungan kontraktual yang dibangun secara sukarela, bukan secara otomatis karena jabatannya sebagai organ perusahaan. Penggunaan aset pribadi juga tidak menghapuskan prinsip pemisahan entitas hukum (kekayaan terpisah) antara perusahaan dan direktur. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya pengaturan kontraktual yang jelas guna memberikan kepastian hukum dalam pemenuhan kewajiban pesangon.
This study examines the legal responsibility of a director who uses personal assets to fulfill a company’s severance payment obligations, particularly from the perspective of Article 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code and Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. This study aims to analyze the validity of an agreement involving the use of a director’s personal assets and to determine the legal basis of the director’s responsibility for the payment of employee compensation. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Legal materials were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively through deductive reasoning. The findings indicate that an agreement in which a director voluntarily undertakes to use personal assets to secure or fulfill the company’s severance obligations may be legally binding as long as it satisfies the requirements for a valid agreement under Article 1320 of the Civil Code. The director’s personal liability arises from the contractual relationship voluntarily established, rather than automatically from the director’s position as a corporate organ. The use of personal assets also does not eliminate the separate legal entity principle between the company and the director. These findings emphasize the importance of clear contractual arrangements in providing legal certainty for the fulfillment of severance obligations.
Abstract:Penelitian ini menganalisis defisit firewall normatif dalam perlindungan data keselamatan pada pendidikan penerbang Indonesia serta membangun konsep Double Burden Vulnerability (DBV) pada taruna pra-lisensi. Metode socio-legal…
-legal digunakan dengan bobot dominan analisis doktrinal terhadap ICAO Annex 19 Edisi Ketiga, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP, PM 2 Tahun 2026, dan Safety Management System Manual, yang didukung wawancara semi-terstruktur terhadap 14 informan. Tiga belas transkrip dikodekan dalam NVivo melalui dua siklus, sedangkan satu wawancara ahli digunakan untuk validasi doktrinal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 359 Undang-Undang Penerbangan membentuk firewall hanya untuk hasil investigasi kecelakaan dan kejadian serius, sementara Pasal 584 ayat (1) KUHP 2023 memidana kealpaan biasa tanpa mensyaratkan korban. Ketidakpastian status taruna berulang pada tingkat internasional, nasional, dan institusional, serta termanifestasi sebagai ketakutan melapor, quiescent silence, penyaringan oleh senioritas, dan anonimitas yang bersyarat. Reformasi memerlukan ambang kesalahan yang lebih tinggi, perlindungan pelapor yang operasional, dan pengakuan eksplisit taruna sebagai subjek yang dilindungi.
This study examines the normative firewall deficit in safety-data protection within Indonesian pilot education and develops the concept of Double Burden Vulnerability (DBV) for pre-licence cadets. A socio-legal design was employed, weighted toward doctrinal analysis of ICAO Annex 19 Third Edition, Law Number 1 of 2009 on Aviation, Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Penal Code, Minister of Transportation Regulation PM 2 of 2026, and the institutional Safety Management System Manual, supported by semi-structured interviews with 14 informants. Thirteen transcripts were coded in NVivo through two cycles, while one legal-expert interview was used for doctrinal validation. The findings show that Article 359 of the Aviation Law provides a firewall only for investigation records concerning accidents and serious incidents, whereas Article 584(1) of the 2023 Penal Code criminalises ordinary negligence without requiring a victim. Cadets’ uncertain legal status recurs across international, national, and institutional rules and manifests socially as fear of reporting, quiescent silence, seniority-based filtering, and conditional anonymity. Reform requires a higher culpability threshold, operational reporter protection, and explicit recognition of cadets as protected reporting subjects.
Abstract:The development of information technology has significantly influenced information management and dissemination, including in road infrastructure. However, road condition data collection in Muara Bulian is still conducted…
d manually, resulting in ineffective data management and limited public access to accurate information. This study aims to design and develop a web-based Geographic Information System (Web-GIS) for road conditions in Muara Bulian. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method using observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review for data collection. The system was developed using the Waterfall model, consisting of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. The application was developed using Python and the Flask framework, with SQLite as the database and Leaflet.js and QGIS to support interactive map visualization. The results show that the system can display road condition information through interactive digital maps, provide road location search and detailed information, support basemap switching, facilitate road data management, and generate reports. Black Box Testing confirmed that all system functions operated according to the specified requirements. The Web-GIS is expected to support the government in managing road infrastructure data and facilitate public access to road condition information effectively and efficiently.
Abstract:The reliability of data packet transmission within the deployed Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) security protocol is highly crucial to ensure user data confidentiality. This study aims to analyze the security implementation…
tation of the WPA2-Personal protocol-based WLAN through direct observation of data packet traffic. A qualitative-descriptive research method was applied by conducting packet capturing using the Wireshark application on a small-scale test network utilizing a smartphone as an access point and a laptop as a client. The results demonstrate that all local and internet data communication activities operated stably and were recorded consistently. Packet analysis successfully identified various major protocols, including ARP, DNS, TCP, UDP, TLS, and HTTPS. The implementation of TLS encryption on HTTPS traffic proved capable of protecting the confidentiality of application data content, preventing it from being read in plaintext even though the packets were successfully captured. This study concludes that the combination of WPA2-Personal authentication and the HTTPS communication protocol still provides adequate security protection and remains highly viable for small-scale wireless network environments.
Abstract:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi pengembangan pasar yang diterapkan dalam mengatasi stagnasi kunjungan wisatawan (di bawah 50.000 pengunjung per tahun) akibat kejenuhan pasar pada objek wisata religi…
Patung Yesus Buntu Burake di Tana Toraja. Industri pariwisata religi di Indonesia memiliki potensi besar, namun banyak destinasi menghadapi tantangan dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan jumlah kunjungan akibat persaingan yang semakin ketat dan perubahan perilaku konsumen. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi langsung, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian terdiri atas pengelola objek wisata (Dinas Pariwisata) dan wisatawan yang dipilih secara purposive. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pengembangan pasar saat ini masih berada pada fase transisi dan belum berjalan secara optimal. Promosi destinasi masih sangat didominasi oleh konten organik (word-of-mouth digital) yang diunggah secara sukarela oleh pengunjung melalui media sosial visual seperti TikTok dan Instagram, sedangkan iklan resmi berbayar dan kemitraan strategis dengan biro perjalanan berskala besar masih sangat minim. Selain itu, ditemukan adanya kesenjangan antara daya tarik utama objek wisata yang dinilai sangat memuaskan dengan kualitas infrastruktur layanan pendukung yang masih memerlukan standardisasi, meliputi aksesibilitas jalan, kebersihan toilet, keterbatasan tempat sampah, serta minimnya fasilitas ramah muslim (muslim-friendly) khususnya kepastian kuliner halal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi pengembangan pasar memerlukan peralihan pendekatan dari promosi pasif menjadi pemasaran digital berbayar yang terstruktur, perluasan segmen pasar geografis dan demografis, serta peningkatan kualitas fasilitas operasional demi menciptakan kepuasan pengunjung yang berkelanjutan.
This study aims to analyze the market development strategy implemented to overcome the stagnation of tourist visits (under 50,000 visitors per year) caused by market saturation at the religious tourism object of the Jesus Statue Buntu Burake in Tana Toraja. The religious tourism industry in Indonesia has great potential, yet many destinations face challenges in maintaining and increasing visitor numbers due to increasingly intense competition and changing consumer behavior. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. Research informants consisted of tourism site managers (Tourism Office) and tourists selected purposively. Data analysis used the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the current market development strategy is still in a transitional phase and has not operated optimally. Destination promotion is still heavily dominated by organic content (digital word-of-mouth) voluntarily uploaded by visitors on visual social media platforms such as TikTok and Instagram, while official paid advertisements and strategic partnerships with large-scale travel agencies remain highly limited. Furthermore, the study identifies a gap between the core attraction, which is rated highly satisfying, and the quality of supporting service infrastructure that still requires standardization, including road accessibility, toilet cleanliness, availability of trash bins, and the lack of Muslim-friendly facilities, particularly the certainty of halal culinary options. This study concludes that the market development strategy requires shifting from a passive promotion approach to a structured paid digital marketing campaign, expanding geographical and demographic market segments, and upgrading operational facilities to create sustainable visitor satisfaction.
Abstract:This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of the SF'Barik Nutmeg Jam IKM business in Beong Village, Siau Tengah Subdistrict, Sitaro Regency. The research method used was a case study with a quantitative descriptive…
riptive approach. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 40 respondents. The results of the study Break-Even Point (BEP), show that the total production cost for the agroindustry is Rp805,250 and total revenue of Rp1,400,000, resulting in an operating profit of Rp594,750. An R/C Ratio of 1.74 indicates that the business is viable. The BEP analysis shows that the break-even point is at 23.01 units, rounded to 24 units, with a BEP revenue of Rp805,350. Descriptively, the business is still managed in a simple, family-based manner, with marketing conducted through word-of-mouth promotion and social media. Based on the research findings, the SF’Barik Nutmeg Jam IKM is viable to operate and develop because it is capable of generating profits and has potential for the development of agro-industry based on local commodities.
Abstract:Fractional premium schemes in life insurance generally follow two main approaches: True Fractional Premiums, which are easy to implement but less fair to policyholders who die mid-period, and Apportionable Fractional Premiums,…
miums, which are more actuarially fair but administratively more complex. This study designs a Hybrid Fractional Premiums model that combines both approaches through a weighted linear combination using parameter , based on the 2023 Indonesian Mortality Table (TMPI), a 5% interest rate, a 10-year coverage period, and monthly premium payments. This descriptive quantitative study applies actuarial mathematics, covering the present value of insurance benefits, true fractional, apportionable fractional, and hybrid annuity factors, up to premium determination using the equivalence principle. The results show that the hybrid premium consistently lies between the true fractional and apportionable premiums, increases sharply with the insured's age, and is higher for males than females due to differences in mortality rates. Changes in the value of have a linear effect on the premium, although the impact is relatively small (a difference of less than IDR 200 per month). The hybrid model with is recommended as the optimal balance between actuarial fairness and ease of implementation, offering a more flexible alternative for premium determination in Indonesia's life insurance industry.
Abstract:Romantic relationships are one form of interpersonal relationship that can influence the emotional and psychological conditions of university students. Romantic relationships can provide emotional support, comfort, attention,…
tion, a place to share problems, and motivation. However, problems within romantic relationships, such as lack of communication, dishonesty, betrayal, and lack of family approval, can also become sources of emotional and psychological pressure. This study aims to describe the dynamics of romantic relationships and their impact on the mental health of UIN Palopo students. This study employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The informants consisted of four UIN Palopo students selected using purposive sampling. The informants consisted of one male student and three female students from the Islamic Guidance and Counseling, Islamic Religious Education, and Islamic Education Management study programs, all of whom were eighth-semester students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the dynamics of romantic relationships experienced by students developed through several stages, namely introduction, emotional closeness, commitment, conflict, and the end of the relationship. Communication, attention, trust, openness, and emotional attachment were important elements in the development and maintenance of relationships. Romantic relationships had positive impacts in the form of emotional support, comfort, attention, a place to share stories and problems, and increased motivation. Meanwhile, negative impacts included sadness, disappointment, feelings of loss, stress, anxiety, frustration, mood changes, difficulty regulating emotions, decreased appetite, loss of motivation, and reduced social interaction. Thus, romantic relationships can have both positive and negative impacts on students' mental health depending on the dynamics and experiences that occur within the relationship.
Abstract:Level design is one of the key components in determining the gameplay experience in 2D platformer games. However, manual level design is time-consuming and difficult to scale. Graph theory can be used to represent the abstract…
stract structure of a level, with nodes as spatial units and edges as paths connecting those spaces. The problem is that this graph structure cannot always be directly translated into a valid and playable physical layout due to platformer constraints, such as jump height, safe distance, and gravity. This research proposes a chunk-based transformation approach, in which each graph node is represented as a fixed-size level chunk containing a platform layout, obstacles, and entry and exit points. The transformation of the graph into a physical level is carried out through the selection, arrangement, and alignment of chunks based on the graph’s topology. This study aims to design a framework for transforming an abstract graph G=(V,E) into a chunk-based 2D platformer level layout. The method used is qualitative-descriptive, involving the formulation of a graph model, rules for mapping and arranging chunks, and playability criteria. The results of the study reveal three main stages: mapping vertices to corresponding chunks, arranging chunks according to the graph’s structure, and validating reachability using an automatic path-finding agent.