Abstract:Keanekaragaman Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi meningkatkan penggunaan media sosial, melainkan menimbulkan risiko penyalahgunaan data pribadi, termasuk melalui WhatsApp. Penelitian ini tujuannya menganalisis…
sis penipuan melalui penyalahgunaan data pribadi pada WhatsApp dalam sistem hukum indonesian serta pertanggungjawaban pidana pelakunya menurut peraturan perundang-undangan. Penelitian ini memakai metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangaan dan konseptual. Bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa penyalahgunaan data pribadi melalui WhatsApp umumnya dilakukan melalui phishing, pencurian identitas, pengambilalihan kaun, dan pemanfaatan informasi pribadi secara melaawan hukum. Perlindungan hukum sudah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi, Undaqng-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, serta Kitab Undaqng-Undang Hukum Pidana. Berdqasarkan teori pertanggungjawaban pidana Roeslan Saleh, pelaku bisa dimintai pertanggungjawaban apabila memenuhi unsur tindak pidana, mempunyai kebisaan bertanggung jawab, terdapat kesalahan, serta tidak terdapat alasan ppembenar ataupun pemaaf. Namun, penerapannya masih menghadapi kendala berupa rendahnya literasi digital, perkembangan modus kejahatan siber, dan belum optimalnya penegakan hukum. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan peningkatan literasi digital dan efektivitas penegakan hukum guna memperkuat pelindungan data pribadi.
Advancements in information and communication technology have increased social media usage but also created risks regarding the misuse of personal data, including via WhatsApp. This study aims to analyze fraud involving the misuse of personal data on WhatsApp within the Indonesian legal system and the criminal liability of perpetrators under prevailing legislation. The research employs a normative legal method utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches, with qualitative analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that the misuse of personal data via WhatsApp typically occurs through phishing, identity theft, account takeovers, and the unlawful use of personal information. Legal protections are established under Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, and the Criminal Code. Based on Roeslan Salehs theory of criminal liability, a perpetrator can be held liable if the elements of the criminal offense are met, the individual possesses the capacity for liability, fault is established, and there are no grounds for justification or excuse. However, implementation faces challenges such as low digital literacy, evolving cybercrime methods, and suboptimal law enforcement. Therefore, enhancing digital literacy and the effectiveness of law enforcement is essential to strengthen personal data protection.
Abstract:Penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan sanksi disiplin kerja terhadap pelanggaran karyawan di PT. Pouchen Indonesia serta kesesuaiannya dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Metode yang digunakan…
an adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis-empiris melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pelanggaran yang paling sering terjadi meliputi keterlambatan, ketidakhadiran tanpa keterangan, ketidakpatuhan terhadap SOP dan penggunaan APD, serta pelanggaran ringan lain yang bersifat berulang. Penyebabnya antara lain jarak tempat tinggal, kurangnya pemahaman aturan, rendahnya kesadaran disiplin, dan pengawasan yang belum merata. Perusahaan menerapkan sanksi secara bertahap, mulai teguran lisan, Surat Peringatan I, II, III, hingga Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja sebagai langkah terakhir, yang selalu didahului pencatatan, klarifikasi, dan kesempatan membela diri. Penerapan sanksi tersebut telah sesuai dengan Pasal 108, Pasal 111, Pasal 151 ayat (1), dan Pasal 161 UU Nomor 13 Tahun 2003, sehingga tidak ditemukan pemotongan upah tanpa dasar maupun sanksi sewenang-wenang. Dengan demikian, sistem sanksi disiplin di PT. Pouchen Indonesia telah mencerminkan asas kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan perlindungan hak pekerja.
This study analyzes the application of work discipline sanctions for employee violations at PT. Pouchen Indonesia and their conformity with Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. It employs empirical legal research with a juridical-empirical approach through observation, interviews, and library research. The findings show that the most frequent violations include tardiness, unexcused absence, non-compliance with SOP and PPE use, and other minor repeated violations. The causes include distance from residence, lack of understanding of regulations, low disciplinary awareness, and uneven supervision. The company applies sanctions progressively, from verbal warning, Warning Letters I, II, III, to Termination of Employment as the final step, always preceded by recording, clarification, and the right of defense. The application conforms to Articles 108, 111, 151 paragraph (1), and 161 of Law No. 13 of 2003, with no unlawful wage deductions or arbitrary sanctions found. Thus, the disciplinary sanction system at PT. Pouchen Indonesia reflects the principles of legal certainty, justice, and protection of workers' rights.
Abstract:Perkawinan anak masih menjadi persoalan hukum di Indonesia meskipun batas usia minimum perkawinan telah dinaikkan menjadi 19 tahun melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019. Kenaikan usia ini justru meningkatkan permohonan…
an dispensasi kawin ke Pengadilan Agama, sehingga menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai kesesuaian pemberian dispensasi dengan ketentuan yang berlaku serta dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam mengabulkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian pemberian dispensasi kawin pasca perubahan batas usia perkawinan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 dan PERMA Nomor 5 Tahun 2019, serta menganalisis dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam Penetapan Nomor 2006/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Srg berdasarkan PERMA RI Nomor 5 Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus dan konseptual. Bahan hukum primer berupa Penetapan Nomor 2006/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Srg dan peraturan terkait dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dispensasi kawin telah sesuai secara formal-prosedural dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 dan PERMA Nomor 5 Tahun 2019, karena hakim telah menempuh seluruh tahapan prosedural yang diwajibkan. Namun, dari sisi materiil alasan berupa kekhawatiran perbuatan menyimpang dari ajaran agama Islam bersifat umum sehingga standar "alasan sangat mendesak" cenderung diterapkan longgar. Dasar pertimbangan hakim terdiri atas unsur formil berupa kewenangan dan kelengkapan syarat administratif, serta unsur materiil berupa fakta hubungan asmara calon mempelai dan penerapan kaidah fikih dar'u al-mafasid muqaddamun ala jalbi al-mashalih, yang ditinjau dari Teori Perkawinan telah memuat sebagian aspek kesiapan calon mempelai namun belum komprehensif pada aspek kesiapan psikologis.
Child marriage remains a legal issue in Indonesia even though the minimum age for marriage has been raised to 19 years through Law Number 16 of 2019. This increase in age has actually increased applications for marriage dispensation to the Religious Courts, raising questions regarding the conformity of granted dispensations with applicable regulations and the judge's basis for consideration in granting them. This study aims to analyze the conformity of granting marriage dispensation after the change in the minimum age limit for marriage based on Law Number 16 of 2019 and Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) Number 5 of 2019, as well as to analyze the judge's basis for consideration in Decree Number 2006/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Srg based on PERMA Number 5 of 2019. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory, case, and conceptual approach. Primary legal materials, including Decree Number 2006/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Srg and related regulations, were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The research results show that the granting of marriage dispensation is formally and procedurally in conformity with Law Number 16 of 2019 and PERMA Number 5 of 2019, as the judge followed all required procedural steps. However, from a substantive standpoint, the reasoning concerning acts deviating from Islamic teachings is general in nature, so the "very urgent reason" standard tends to be applied loosely. The judge's basis for consideration consists of formal elements, namely authority and completeness of administrative requirements, and material elements, namely the fact of the romantic relationship between the prospective spouses and the application of the fiqh principle of dar'u al-mafasid muqaddamun ala jalbi al-mashalih, which, when reviewed through Marriage Theory, has addressed some aspects of the prospective spouses' readiness but has not been comprehensive regarding psychological readiness.
Abstract:Penelitian ini mengkaji pertanggungjawaban hukum seorang direktur yang menggunakan aset pribadinya untuk memenuhi kewajiban pembayaran pesangon perusahaan, khususnya ditinjau dari Pasal 1338 KUH Perdata dan Undang-Undang…
Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keabsahan perjanjian yang melibatkan penggunaan aset pribadi direktur serta untuk menentukan dasar hukum pertanggungjawaban direktur atas pembayaran hak-hak karyawan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Bahan hukum dianalisis secara deskriptif dan kualitatif melalui penalaran deduktif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian di mana seorang direktur secara sukarela berjanji menggunakan aset pribadinya untuk menjamin atau memenuhi kewajiban pesangon perusahaan dapat mengikat secara sah selama memenuhi syarat sahnya perjanjian berdasarkan Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata. Pertanggungjawaban pribadi direktur timbul dari hubungan kontraktual yang dibangun secara sukarela, bukan secara otomatis karena jabatannya sebagai organ perusahaan. Penggunaan aset pribadi juga tidak menghapuskan prinsip pemisahan entitas hukum (kekayaan terpisah) antara perusahaan dan direktur. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya pengaturan kontraktual yang jelas guna memberikan kepastian hukum dalam pemenuhan kewajiban pesangon.
This study examines the legal responsibility of a director who uses personal assets to fulfill a company’s severance payment obligations, particularly from the perspective of Article 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code and Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. This study aims to analyze the validity of an agreement involving the use of a director’s personal assets and to determine the legal basis of the director’s responsibility for the payment of employee compensation. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Legal materials were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively through deductive reasoning. The findings indicate that an agreement in which a director voluntarily undertakes to use personal assets to secure or fulfill the company’s severance obligations may be legally binding as long as it satisfies the requirements for a valid agreement under Article 1320 of the Civil Code. The director’s personal liability arises from the contractual relationship voluntarily established, rather than automatically from the director’s position as a corporate organ. The use of personal assets also does not eliminate the separate legal entity principle between the company and the director. These findings emphasize the importance of clear contractual arrangements in providing legal certainty for the fulfillment of severance obligations.
Abstract:Penelitian ini menganalisis defisit firewall normatif dalam perlindungan data keselamatan pada pendidikan penerbang Indonesia serta membangun konsep Double Burden Vulnerability (DBV) pada taruna pra-lisensi. Metode socio-legal…
-legal digunakan dengan bobot dominan analisis doktrinal terhadap ICAO Annex 19 Edisi Ketiga, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP, PM 2 Tahun 2026, dan Safety Management System Manual, yang didukung wawancara semi-terstruktur terhadap 14 informan. Tiga belas transkrip dikodekan dalam NVivo melalui dua siklus, sedangkan satu wawancara ahli digunakan untuk validasi doktrinal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 359 Undang-Undang Penerbangan membentuk firewall hanya untuk hasil investigasi kecelakaan dan kejadian serius, sementara Pasal 584 ayat (1) KUHP 2023 memidana kealpaan biasa tanpa mensyaratkan korban. Ketidakpastian status taruna berulang pada tingkat internasional, nasional, dan institusional, serta termanifestasi sebagai ketakutan melapor, quiescent silence, penyaringan oleh senioritas, dan anonimitas yang bersyarat. Reformasi memerlukan ambang kesalahan yang lebih tinggi, perlindungan pelapor yang operasional, dan pengakuan eksplisit taruna sebagai subjek yang dilindungi.
This study examines the normative firewall deficit in safety-data protection within Indonesian pilot education and develops the concept of Double Burden Vulnerability (DBV) for pre-licence cadets. A socio-legal design was employed, weighted toward doctrinal analysis of ICAO Annex 19 Third Edition, Law Number 1 of 2009 on Aviation, Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Penal Code, Minister of Transportation Regulation PM 2 of 2026, and the institutional Safety Management System Manual, supported by semi-structured interviews with 14 informants. Thirteen transcripts were coded in NVivo through two cycles, while one legal-expert interview was used for doctrinal validation. The findings show that Article 359 of the Aviation Law provides a firewall only for investigation records concerning accidents and serious incidents, whereas Article 584(1) of the 2023 Penal Code criminalises ordinary negligence without requiring a victim. Cadets’ uncertain legal status recurs across international, national, and institutional rules and manifests socially as fear of reporting, quiescent silence, seniority-based filtering, and conditional anonymity. Reform requires a higher culpability threshold, operational reporter protection, and explicit recognition of cadets as protected reporting subjects.
Abstract:Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh maraknya pelanggaran Persetujuan Lingkungan dalam kegiatan pertambangan nikel di Kabupaten Luwu Timur yang berdampak pada kerusakan ekologis, sementara penjatuhan sanksi administratif…
belum memberikan efek jera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penegakan sanksi administratif, mengidentifikasi kendala hukum, serta merumuskan solusi penegakan hukum lingkungan di daerah. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sanksi masih didominasi oleh teguran tertulis dan tindakan perbaikan teknis. Hambatan utama bersumber dari resentralisasi wewenang pasca-Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, keterbatasan personel pengawas bersertifikasi, dan gugatan korporasi ke Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara. Sebagai solusi, penelitian ini merumuskan pengoptimalan rekomendasi Berita Acara Pengawasan ke pusat, penerapan prinsip pencemar membayar (polluter pays principle), peluncuran Program Penilaian Peringkat Kinerja Perusahaan dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (PROPER) daerah, penggunaan diskresi darurat, serta pembentukan Satuan Tugas Terpadu lintas yurisdiksi. Solusi ini menjadi langkah strategis untuk menguatkan kolaborasi kelembagaan dan menjamin kelestarian lingkungan yang berkelanjutan.
This study is motivated by widespread violations of Environmental Approvals in nickel mining activities in East Luwu Regency, resulting in ecological damage, while administrative sanctions have failed to provide a deterrent effect. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of administrative sanction enforcement, identify legal obstacles, and formulate environmental law enforcement solutions at the regional level. The method employed is normative legal research utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that sanction implementation is still dominated by written warnings and technical corrective actions. Primary obstacles stem from the recentralization of authority post-Job Creation Law, a shortage of certified supervisory personnel, and corporate lawsuits filed with the State Administrative Court. As a solution, this study proposes optimizing Supervision Minutes recommendations to the central government, applying the polluter pays principle, launching regional Company Performance Rating Programs in Environmental Management (PROPER), utilizing emergency discretion, and establishing a cross-jurisdictional Integrated Task Force. These solutions serve as strategic steps to strengthen institutional collaboration and ensure sustainable environmental protection.
Abstract:Peningkatan prevalensi diabetes melitus dan penyakit metabolik pada usia remaja menjadi perhatian penting dalam bidang kesehatan masyarakat. Pola makan yang tidak sehat dan rendahnya aktivitas fisik merupakan faktor risiko…
ko yang berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kadar glukosa darah dan tekanan darah sejak usia sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pola makan dengan kondisi kesehatan metabolik berdasarkan kadar glukosa darah sewaktu (GDS) dan tekanan darah pada siswa SMP Negeri 5 Sungai Kakap. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui adanya Hubungan Kebiasaan Konsumsi Gula Dengan Kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu Dan Tekanan Darah Pada Siswa Smp Negeri 5 Sungai Kakap. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan Cross Sectional. Sampel penelitian ini berupa cairan biologis berupa darah utuh yang dikumpulkan secara purposive sampling dari sampel siswa smp negeri 5 sungai kakap pada bulan juli 2025. Hasil analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square untuk kebiasaan konsumsi glukosa dengan kadar glukosa menunjukan tidak ada hubungan signifikan p=0,314 (p>0,05) dan kebiasaan konsumsi glukosa dengan tekanan darah menunjukan tidak ada hubungan signifikan p=0,419 (p>0,05). Kesimpulan yang diperoleh bahwa tidak ada Hubungan Kebiasaan Konsumsi Gula Dengan Kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu Dan Tekanan Darah Pada Siswa Smp Negeri 5 Sungai Kakap. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun sebagian besar siswa memiliki kondisi kesehatan metabolik yang normal, masih terdapat remaja yang berisiko mengalami gangguan metabolik. Oleh karena itu, skrining kesehatan secara berkala, edukasi gizi, dan penerapan pola hidup sehat perlu dilakukan sejak usia remaja sebagai upaya pencegahan penyakit metabolik dan peningkatan derajat kesehatan di lingkungan sekolah.
The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic diseases among adolescents has become a critical public health concern. Unhealthy dietary habits and low physical activity are key risk factors contributing to elevated blood glucose levels and blood pressure from school age. This study aims to analyze the relationship between dietary habits and metabolic health conditions based on random blood glucose (RBG) levels and blood pressure among students at SMP Negeri 5 Sungai Kakap. Specifically, this study aims to determine the relationship between sugar consumption habits, random blood glucose levels, and blood pressure in students of SMP Negeri 5 Sungai Kakap. This analytical study utilized a cross-sectional design. The research samples consisted of whole blood biological fluids collected through purposive sampling from students at SMP Negeri 5 Sungai Kakap in July 2025. Data analysis using the chi-square test showed no significant relationship between glucose consumption habits and blood glucose levels (p=0.314; p>0.05). Similarly, there was no significant relationship between glucose consumption habits and blood pressure (p=0.419; p>0.05). In conclusion, there is no relationship between sugar consumption habits, random blood glucose levels, and blood pressure among students at SMP Negeri 5 Sungai Kakap. These findings indicate that although most students have normal metabolic health conditions, some adolescents remain at risk for metabolic disorders. Therefore, regular health screening, nutritional education, and the implementation of a healthy lifestyle must be conducted from adolescence as a preventive measure against metabolic diseases and to improve health status within the school environment.
Abstract:The advancement of digital communication has generated a range of ethical challenges, including cyberbullying, insults, negative labeling, the dissemination of unverified information, privacy violations, digital ghibah (backbiting),…
backbiting), polarization, and discrimination. These challenges call for an ethical framework that is not merely technical in nature but is also firmly grounded in Islamic values. This study aims to reconstruct a Qur’an-based digital communication ethics framework through a thematic analysis of Qur’anic interpretation of QS. Al-Hujurat verses 11–13 and to examine its relevance to strengthening character education. This qualitative study employs a library research approach using thematic Qur’anic interpretation, content analysis, and contextual analysis of the Qur’an, classical and contemporary exegetical works, as well as scholarly literature on digital communication and character education. The findings reveal that QS. Al-Hujurat verses 11–13 embody eight ethical principles that can be reconstructed within the context of digital communication: Dignity Protection, Respectful Communication, No Negative Labeling, Critical Verification, Privacy Protection, Responsible Speech, Inclusive Interaction, and Digital Equality. These eight principles are synthesized into the Qur’anic Digital Communication Ethics Framework (QDCEF), which comprises three overarching dimensions: Dignity, Responsibility, and Inclusion. The framework is further mapped onto the character values of respect, empathy, civility, tolerance, critical thinking, objectivity, trustworthiness, responsibility, integrity, justice, and self-control. These findings affirm that QS. Al-Hujurat verses 11–13 are relevant not only as a source of moral and character education but also as a conceptual foundation for reconstructing a digital communication ethics framework that bridges Qur’anic values with the demands of character education in the digital era. The proposed QDCEF thus offers a value-based conceptual framework for fostering ethical, responsible, inclusive, and character-oriented digital communication.
Abstract:This study is motivated by a fundamental problem concerning how the character-education values contained in the book of Akhlāq Lil Banīn can be implemented consistently and meaningfully within Arabic language learning, amid…
amid an intense schedule, a diversity of methods, and the gap between the readiness of learners and educators in the boarding environment. This study aims to analyze and describe the implementation of character-education values from the book of Akhlāq Lil Banīn in Arabic language learning activities at the MBS Al Mujahidin Islamic Boarding School, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. The method used is qualitative, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation; informants were selected by purposive sampling, and data analysis comprised data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the implementation of character values takes place integratively, intensively, and contextually through a combination of formal school activities and non-formal dormitory activities such as mufrodat, hiwar, muhadhoroh, qirā’ah, muḥādatsah, and integrated Arabic learning. These activities not only develop linguistic competence but also serve as a medium for internalizing religious, disciplinary, responsibility, and social-care values through habituation and role modeling. Challenges were also found in the form of differing prior abilities among learners, a dense activity schedule, and the dynamic assignment of educators, all of which affect the absorption and internalization of values. It is concluded that the success of Akhlāq Lil Banīn-based character education depends heavily on pedagogical adaptation, differentiated learning, and management of the activity rhythm.
Abstract:Background: Joint pain is a common health problem experienced by older adults due to degenerative processes in the musculoskeletal system. This condition can cause limitations in daily activities and decrease quality of…
life. One non-pharmacological therapy that can be used to reduce joint pain is a warm ginger compress because it has anti-inflammatory effects and provides warmth to the painful area. Objective: To determine the effect of warm ginger compress therapy on reducing joint pain levels in older adults. Methods: This study used a descriptive case study design involving two older adults with joint pain in Kampung Guwosari, RT 02/RW 27, Jebres, Surakarta. The intervention was conducted for 3 consecutive days, once daily for 15–20 minutes. Pain levels were measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Results: Respondent 1 experienced a decrease in pain scale from 7 to 4, while Respondent 2 experienced a decrease from 4 to 2 after receiving warm ginger compress therapy for 3 days. Conclusion: Warm ginger compress therapy can help reduce joint pain levels in older adults and can be used as a simple, safe, and affordable non-pharmacological therapy.