Abstract:Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana memperkenalkan pengakuan bersalah sebagai mekanisme baru yang tersebar dalam Pasal 78, Pasal 205, dan Pasal 234. Ketiga ketentuan…
n tersebut sama-sama memberi ruang percepatan pemeriksaan perkara, tetapi membentuk kedalaman pengujian hakim yang berbeda terhadap kesukarelaan pengakuan terdakwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsistensi standar pengawasan hakim dalam tiga jalur pengakuan bersalah serta merumuskan parameter minimum yang menjamin pengakuan diberikan secara bebas, sadar, tanpa paksaan, dan berdasarkan pemahaman penuh. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Bahan hukum utama meliputi UU Nomor 20 Tahun 2025, SEMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2026, serta Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 213/PUU-XXIV/2026. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 205 memuat pengujian paling mendalam karena mewajibkan hakim menelusuri kualitas pemeriksaan pada tahap penyidikan dan penuntutan, sedangkan Pasal 78 menekankan kesukarelaan, pendampingan advokat, pemahaman konsekuensi, dan dukungan dua alat bukti. Pasal 234 menggunakan pengujian yang lebih ringkas. Perbedaan ini dapat menimbulkan disparitas tingkat perlindungan terdakwa. Penelitian menawarkan Model Uji Keabsahan Lima Parameter yang mencakup kelayakan prosedural, pendampingan hukum efektif, pemahaman dan pelepasan hak secara sadar, kebebasan dari tekanan, serta dasar faktual dan dokumentasi pengakuan sebagai standar minimum yang dapat diterapkan lintas ketentuan.
The enactment of Law Number 20 of 2025 on the Criminal Procedure Code introduced guilty plea mechanisms through Articles 78, 205, and 234. Although all three provisions facilitate an expedited criminal process, they establish different levels of judicial scrutiny over the voluntariness of a defendant's admission. This study examines the consistency of judicial review standards across the three mechanisms and formulates minimum safeguards to ensure that a guilty plea is made freely, knowingly, without coercion, and with full understanding of its legal consequences. The research employs normative legal methods using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The main legal materials are Law Number 20 of 2025, Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 1 of 2026, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 213/PUU-XXIV/2026. The study finds that Article 205 provides the most intensive scrutiny because the judge must review the quality of investigation and prosecution, while Article 78 emphasizes voluntariness, effective legal assistance, informed consequences, and support by two lawful items of evidence. Article 234 adopts a more concise examination. This disparity may produce unequal protection among defendants. The article proposes a Five-Parameter Validity Test covering procedural eligibility, effective legal assistance, informed waiver of rights, freedom from coercion, and factual basis with adequate documentation as a minimum standard across all guilty plea mechanisms.
Abstract:Pengakuan terhadap hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana nasional membuka ruang baru bagi penempatan sanksi pidana adat Nias, khususnya Ogauta, dalam sistem pemidanaan Indonesia. Masalah…
h penelitian terletak pada ketegangan antara pengakuan kearifan lokal, asas legalitas, dan kewajiban negara melindungi hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, serta menelaah Fondrakö dan Ogauta melalui literatur hukum adat Nias. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ogauta tidak berkedudukan sebagai rezim pemidanaan yang berdiri sendiri, melainkan dapat memperoleh pengakuan secara bersyarat sebagai pemenuhan kewajiban adat apabila memenuhi Pasal 2, Pasal 66, Pasal 96, dan Pasal 597 KUHP, sebagaimana disesuaikan melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2026, serta kriteria Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 55 Tahun 2025. Penelitian ini menawarkan Model Uji Tiga Lapis yang mencakup uji eksistensi adat, uji legalitas nasional, dan uji konstitusionalitas serta hak asasi manusia untuk menentukan apakah suatu bentuk Ogauta dapat diintegrasikan, perlu ditransformasikan, atau tidak dapat diakui dalam sistem pemidanaan nasional.
The recognition of living law in Indonesia's national Criminal Code creates a new legal space for positioning Nias customary criminal sanctions, particularly Ogauta, within the national sentencing system. The central problem is the tension between recognition of local wisdom, the principle of legality, and the state's obligation to protect human rights. This research applies normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, while examining Fondrakö and Ogauta through scholarly literature on Nias customary law. The study finds that Ogauta does not operate as an autonomous criminal punishment regime. It may receive conditional recognition as the fulfillment of customary obligations only when it complies with Articles 2, 66, 96, and 597 of the Criminal Code, as adjusted by Law Number 1 of 2026, and with the criteria stipulated by Government Regulation Number 55 of 2025. The article proposes a Three-Layer Review Model consisting of an existence test, a national legality test, and a constitutional and human rights test to determine whether a particular Ogauta sanction can be integrated, requires normative transformation, or cannot be recognized within the national sentencing system.
Abstract:Sistem pendaftaran merek di Indonesia menganut asas first-to-file, tetapi penerapannya dibatasi oleh kewajiban bahwa pendaftaran harus dilakukan dengan iktikad baik. Persoalan dapat muncul ketika suatu merek memiliki kemiripan…
iripan dengan merek yang telah terdaftar atau lebih dahulu diajukan, kemudian didaftarkan oleh pihak lain yang memiliki tujuan tidak baik. Atas dasar tersebut, penelitian ini disusun untuk menganalisis ketentuan mengenai iktikad tidak baik dalam proses pendaftaran merek berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap pemilik merek terdaftar dari pendaftaran yang dilakukan dengan iktikad tidak baik dengan mengacu pada Putusan Nomor 1 PK/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2025. Berdasarkan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan kasus, diperoleh hasil bahwa iktikad tidak baik dapat menjadi alasan penolakan permohonan pendaftaran merek sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 21 ayat (3), sekaligus menjadi batas terhadap penerapan asas first-to-file. Perlindungan hukum terhadap pemilik merek diberikan dalam bentuk preventif melalui pemeriksaan substantif dan penolakan permohonan serta represif melalui pengajuan gugatan pembatalan merek sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 76 dan Pasal 77
The trademark registration system in Indonesia adopts the first-to-file principle; however, its application is subject to the requirement that registration be conducted in good faith. Issues may arise when a trademark resembles one that has already been registered or previously applied for and is subsequently registered by another party with improper intentions. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the provisions concerning bad faith in the trademark registration process under Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications. This study also examines the forms of legal protection available to registered trademark owners against registrations made in bad faith by referring to Decision Number 1 PK/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2025. Using a normative juridical research method with a statutory and case approach, the study finds that bad faith may constitute a basis for rejecting a trademark registration application as provided under Article 21 paragraph (3), while also serving as a limitation on the application of the first-to-file principle. Legal protection for registered trademark owners is provided preventively through substantive examination and rejection of applications, and repressively through the filing of trademark cancellation lawsuits as regulated under Articles 76 and 77.
Abstract:Toddlerhood is a crucial period in the stages of human development characterized by significant acceleration in physical growth, cognitive development, and the formation of emotional and social foundations. This study aims…
ms to identify the types of sleep disorders and their impact on cognitive, behavioral, and physical development of toddlers through a literature review approach. A literature search was conducted on the ScienceDirect database with the inclusion criteria of English-language articles published between 2021-2025, focusing on toddlers aged 1-5 years. Of the 39 articles found, three were selected for analysis. Results showed that sleep disorders, such as behavioral insomnia and sleep apnea, correlate with behavioral problems such as social withdrawal, inattention, and hyperactivity, especially in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and premature infants. Risk factors include neonatal drug exposure and inconsistent parenting. Multidimensional sleep assessment is recommended for early detection, while behavior-based interventions and sleep hygiene education are effective in treatment. Sleep disorders also impact family well-being, increasing parental stress.
Abstract:ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran bendahara pengeluaran dalam mendukung tertib administrasi keuangan pada Inspektorat Daerah Kota Magelang. Tertib administrasi keuangan merupakan aspek penting dalam…
alam pengelolaan keuangan daerah yang bertujuan mewujudkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas dalam penggunaan anggaran. Bendahara pengeluaran memiliki peran strategis dalam proses penatausahaan keuangan, mulai dari pengajuan pembayaran, pemeriksaan kelengkapan dokumen, hingga penyusunan laporan pertanggungjawaban. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sumber data terdiri dari data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan bendahara pengeluaran dan staf terkait, serta data sekunder yang diperoleh dari dokumen administrasi keuangan pada Inspektorat Daerah Kota Magelang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bendahara pengeluaran memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung tertib administrasi keuangan melalui pengelolaan uang persediaan, pencatatan transaksi keuangan, serta penyusunan laporan pertanggungjawaban (SPJ). Selain itu, bendahara pengeluaran juga memastikan setiap transaksi didukung oleh dokumen yang lengkap dan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya masih terdapat kendala, yaitu sistem aplikasi keuangan yang terkadang mengalami maintenance sehingga proses penginputan data dan penyusunan laporan administrasi keuangan menjadi terhambat.
Kata Kunci: Bendahara Pengeluaran, Administrasi Keuangan, Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah, Akuntabilitas.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the role of the expenditure treasurer in supporting orderly financial administration at the Regional Inspectorate of Magelang City. Orderly financial administration is an important aspect of regional financial management aimed at ensuring transparency and accountability in the use of public funds. The expenditure treasurer has a strategic role in the financial administration process, starting from submitting payment requests, verifying supporting documents, and preparing accountability reports. This research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data sources consisted of primary data obtained through interviews with the expenditure treasurer and related staff, as well as secondary data obtained from financial administration documents at the Regional Inspectorate of Magelang City. The results indicate that the expenditure treasurer plays an important role in supporting orderly financial administration through managing petty cash funds, recording financial transactions, and preparing accountability reports (SPJ). In addition, the treasurer ensures that every transaction is supported by complete and valid documentation in accordance with applicable regulations. However, in its implementation there are still obstacles, namely the financial application system occasionally undergoes maintenance, which temporarily disrupts the data input process and the preparation of financial administration reports.
Keywords: Expenditure Treasurer, Financial Administration, Regional Financial Management, Accountability.
Abstract:This study aims to analyze the potential of the coastal area of Tiku Beach and formulate management strategies to support optimal and sustainable tourism development in Nagari Tiku Selatan, Tanjung Mutiara District, Agam…
Regency. The study employed a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, supported by quantitative data obtained through questionnaires. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and a literature review. Informants and respondents were selected using purposive sampling, while data analysis was conducted descriptively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, followed by a SWOT analysis to identify the internal and external factors of the area. The results show that Tiku Beach has significant potential, including a sandy and gently sloping beach, ocean views and sunsets, mangrove ecosystems, traditional fishing activities, local culture, and seafood-based culinary products. Coastal area management has involved the local community, the nagari government, and the Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis), but still faces limitations in facilities, cleanliness, tourism promotion, institutional capacity, human resource quality, and coordination among stakeholders. The SWOT strategy is directed toward the development of nature-based, cultural, and educational tourism; improvement of facilities and accessibility; digital promotion; strengthening institutions and partnerships; and environmental protection to address coastal abrasion, pollution,and excessive development.
Abstract:This study aims to understand the communication used by the leader, describe employee work discipline, and analyse the leadership communication strategy used to improve work discipline at the Somolo-Molo District Office.…
A descriptive qualitative case-study design was employed. Seven informants were selected purposively: one key informant (the District Head), two main informants (the District Secretary and the Head of General Affairs Subdivision), and four supporting informants (employees/staff). Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation and analysed through data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing, and verification. The findings show that leadership communication is open and two-way and combines meetings, assemblies, direct communication, letters/dispositions, digital media, and informal communication. Work discipline is categorised as fairly good but not yet fully consistent. In measurable qualitative terms, all seven informants described attendance as generally maintained, while all seven also identified occasional lateness and the need for stronger consistency; effective use of working hours, leave/out-of-office reporting, and completion of some tasks still require reminders. Leadership communication is implemented through informative, persuasive, educational, repetitive, role-modelling, personal coaching, supervision, gradual reprimand, proportionate firmness, evaluation, and positive reinforcement approaches. Identified improvements include better punctuality, more orderly absence reporting, more effective use of working hours, and faster task completion. Sustainable discipline requires consistent rule enforcement, routine briefings, documented follow-up, multichannel communication, and exemplary conduct across all levels of leadership.
Abstract:Perkembangan teknologi informasi mendorong transformasi pelayanan kesehatan menuju sistem pelayanan berbasis digital, salah satunya melalui aplikasi Mobile JKN yang dikembangkan oleh BPJS Kesehatan. Mobile JKN merupakan…
inovasi pelayanan yang bertujuan mempermudah peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) dalam mengakses berbagai layanan kesehatan, termasuk pendaftaran pelayanan secara online. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya masih ditemukan pasien yang belum memanfaatkan aplikasi tersebut secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses difusi inovasi dalam pelayanan pendaftaran online melalui Mobile JKN pada pasien BPJS di RSUD Lembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian terdiri atas pasien BPJS sebagai informan utama serta petugas rumah sakit sebagai informan pendukung. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, sedangkan keabsahan data diuji menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses difusi inovasi Mobile JKN di RSUD Lembang telah berlangsung, namun belum mencapai tingkat adopsi yang optimal. Berdasarkan teori Difusi Inovasi Everett M. Rogers, proses tersebut dipengaruhi oleh lima unsur, yaitu inovasi, saluran komunikasi, waktu, sistem sosial, dan kategori adopter. Sebagian besar pasien telah mengetahui keberadaan Mobile JKN serta mengakui manfaatnya dalam mempermudah proses pendaftaran pelayanan kesehatan. Akan tetapi, pemanfaatan aplikasi masih terkendala oleh rendahnya literasi digital, lupa kata sandi, kesulitan verifikasi wajah, pergantian nomor telepon, keterbatasan penggunaan telepon pintar, serta kebiasaan pasien yang lebih memilih melakukan pendaftaran secara langsung. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa mayoritas pasien berada pada kategori Late Majority, sehingga proses penerimaan inovasi masih memerlukan edukasi, pendampingan, dan strategi komunikasi yang berkelanjutan agar penggunaan Mobile JKN dapat lebih optimal.
Abstract:Digital transformation has moved beyond the simple adoption of information technology and has become a fundamental organizational process affecting leadership, employee behavior, innovation, and performance. This study examines…
xamines the relationship between digital leadership and organizational performance by investigating employee innovation implementation as an intervening mechanism. Drawing on the Dynamic Capability View, digital leadership is conceptualized as a strategic capability that enables organizations to mobilize technological resources, stimulate employee experimentation, and facilitate the implementation of new ideas. A quantitative research design is proposed using a structured questionnaire administered to employees in digitally transforming organizations. The hypothesized relationships are tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The proposed model examines both the direct effect of digital leadership on organizational performance and its indirect effect through employee innovation implementation. The study contributes to digital leadership literature by distinguishing innovation implementation from the broader concept of innovative behavior and by explaining how employee-generated ideas can be translated into organizational value.
Abstract:The rapid expansion of digital learning and artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed educational systems worldwide, including in Ghana. However, the integration of digital technologies into education also…
so raises critical concerns regarding epistemological inequality, technological dependency, and the marginalization of indigenous knowledge systems. This study aims to critically examine digital learning in Ghana through a decolonial perspective by exploring the relationship between artificial intelligence, local knowledge, and future educational transformation. The study employed a qualitative conceptual approach based on critical literature review and decolonial theoretical analysis. Data sources consisted of scholarly articles, academic books, policy reports, and international publications related to digital learning, AI in education, indigenous knowledge systems, and postcolonial educational transformation. The findings reveal that contemporary digital learning systems frequently reproduce colonial epistemologies through linguistic dominance, curriculum standardization, algorithmic bias, and dependency on externally developed technological infrastructures. Indigenous languages and local knowledge systems remain underrepresented within mainstream educational technologies, limiting epistemic inclusivity and cultural relevance. Nevertheless, the study also identifies the transformative potential of culturally responsive AI, multilingual digital learning environments, and indigenous knowledge integration in constructing more equitable educational futures. The study concludes that decolonizing digital learning in Ghana requires the reconstruction of educational technologies grounded in epistemic justice, cultural dignity, local participation, and technological sovereignty. This article contributes to contemporary discussions on decolonial education, ethical AI, and digital transformation within the Global South by positioning digital learning as both a technological and epistemological arena of struggle.