Abstract:This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for consumers in digital transactions in Indonesia. The method used is library research with a normative juridical approach. The results of the study indicate…
ate that Indonesia actually has an adequate legal basis to protect digital consumers, which is primarily sourced from Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. These regulations have set out basic principles such as the obligation of business actors to provide honest information, consumer rights to security, and the recognition of electronic evidence. However, its implementation in the field encounters various significant obstacles. Case studies on e-commerce and fintech platforms reveal that consumer losses still often occur, such as products that do not match the description, difficulties with refunds, and the vulnerability of personal data. The key finding of this study is that the main challenge lies not in the legal vacuum, but in three aspects: (1) low digital literacy and consumer law so that they are not optimal in fighting for their rights; (2) alternative dispute resolution mechanisms such as BPSK and ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) which are not yet effective, fast, and easily accessible; and (3) weak supervision and law enforcement against unscrupulous business actors in the digital space. Therefore, it is concluded that digital consumer protection efforts require a holistic approach that relies not only on regulations, but also through massive public education, strengthening dispute resolution institutions, and closer synergy between the government, business actors, and the community.
Abstract:This study aims to construct an integrated constellation model and determine optimal strategies for reinforcing lecturers’ professional commitment at leading private universities in Bogor. Utilizing the POP-SDM (Modeling…
ng and Optimization of Management Resources) framework, the research integrates elements of local wisdom and organizational support within a systemic approach to human resource development. The exploratory qualitative phase involved in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to uncover major determinants influencing professional commitment. From the thematic analysis, four principal variables emerged—teamwork, organizational climate, religiosity, and work motivation—which were validated through expert judgment. Quantitative verification was subsequently performed using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to examine both direct and indirect relationships among constructs. The analysis confirmed that all variables exert positive and significant effects on lecturers’ professional commitment, with work motivation being the most dominant factor. To refine improvement priorities, the SITOREM (Scientific Identification Theory for Conducting Operational Research in Educational Management) method was applied, identifying indicators that should be improved, maintained, or further developed. The findings offer empirical and practical insights, including: (1) a validated POP-SDM–based commitment model combining cultural and organizational dimensions; (2) evidence-based strategies to enhance lecturer professionalism; and (3) an optimization framework to guide sustainable lecturer development in higher education institutions.
Abstract:Public service quality is one of the fundamental indicators in assessing the performance of government institutions, especially at the district level where direct interactions with citizens take place. This study aims to…
analyze the influence of employee motivation on the quality of administrative services at the Leihitu Sub-district Office, Central Maluku Regency. The research employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory design to identify causal relationships between variables. The population in this study consists of all employees involved in administrative services, and total sampling was used due to the manageable number of staff. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire using a Likert scale to measure motivation and service quality indicators. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression to determine the effect of motivation on service quality. The results show that employee motivation significantly and positively influences administrative service quality. Employees with higher intrinsic and extrinsic motivation tend to demonstrate better responsiveness, discipline, communication, and consistency in carrying out public service functions. The study concludes that strengthening motivation is essential to improve public service performance. Therefore, organizational leaders are encouraged to enhance work motivation through recognition, supportive leadership, fair reward systems, and professional development opportunities to ensure services meet community expectations.
Abstract:The Indonesian capital market plays a pivotal role in mobilising long-term financing for corporations and providing investment opportunities to the public. However, persistent stock fraud cases undermine market integrity…
and investor confidence. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the existing legal framework for investor protection against stock fraud, analyse its practical implementation, and recommend measures to strengthen both preventive and repressive mechanisms. Employing a normative legal research design with a qualitative approach, the study integrates statute, conceptual, and case approaches, focusing on Law No. 8 of 1995 on Capital Markets, OJK regulations, the Criminal Code, and notable cases such as PT Hanson International Tbk. The findings reveal that while the legal framework normatively aligns with the Legal Protection Theory, Justice Theory, and Legal Effectiveness Theory, substantial gaps remain between regulation and enforcement. Weak supervisory coordination, delayed intervention, lengthy judicial processes, and low investor legal literacy reduce effectiveness. Recommended reforms include adopting regtech and suptech, enhancing cross-agency data integration, implementing AI-based surveillance, establishing a specialised capital market court, and strengthening investor education. The study concludes that combining regulatory improvements, adaptive enforcement, and public legal empowerment is essential to safeguard investors, maintain market integrity, and promote sustainable economic growth.
Abstract:The Province of Papua holds a special constitutional status under Law No. 2 of 2021, implemented through Government Regulation (PP) No. 106 of 2021, which assigns 23 governmental functions to regional authorities. The regulation…
gulation embodies asymmetric decentralization intended to protect the rights of Indigenous Papuans (OAP) and address local needs. However, it raises legal concerns regarding ambiguous authority distribution between central, provincial, and municipal levels, as well as the unclear operational role of the Papuan People’s Assembly (MRP). The main research problem is whether PP No. 106/2021 provides a coherent and constitutionally consistent governance framework. This study applies doctrinal legal research using normative-analytical methods, including statutory interpretation, constitutional tests, and comparative perspectives. The findings indicate weak accountability mechanisms in managing Special Autonomy Funds, limited integration of customary law, and institutional fragility in newly established bodies such as BP-DOP and UPAP. The study concludes that PP No. 106/2021 does not fully align with the constitutional principles of legal certainty and decentralization. It recommends substantial revisions, strengthening MRP’s legal status, formal recognition of customary law through Perdasus, and an institutional blueprint with clear performance indicators to ensure effective, inclusive, and adaptive governance in Papua
Abstract:The flipped classroom model has increasingly been implemented as an alternative instructional approach in the digital era, including in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) at junior and senior high school levels. This article…
cle aims to systematically examine eight empirical publications from 2021 to 2025 that explore the application of this model within IRE contexts. The review focuses on instructional design, pedagogical outcomes, and implementation challenges. Findings from the analyzed studies suggest that applying the flipped classroom model in IRE can enhance students’ cognitive understanding, foster learning motivation, and develop critical and collaborative thinking skills. However, the effectiveness of this model depends heavily on the quality of digital learning design, the teacher’s readiness to facilitate active learning, and the ability to meaningfully integrate Islamic values into the learning process. In addition, this model faces several challenges, including limitations in technological infrastructure, lack of professional teacher training, and the need for curriculum adaptation. This study highlights the importance of systemic support and digital competency development among educators to ensure that flipped classroom implementation is not merely a technical strategy, but a means of strengthening the spiritual dimension and core values of Islamic education in the digital age.
Abstract:Health workers are 1.5 times higher risk of work accidents compared to other professions, with 90% of incidents occurring in developing countries. WHO noted that 3 million out of 35 million health workers are exposed to…
blood pathogens, increasing the risk of HIV (0.4%), HBV (27-37%), and HCV (3-10%). One of Health center accreditation purpose is to makesure safety to both health workers and patient. In 2023, out of 37 health centers in Semarang, 36 health centers (97.3%) achieved “Plenary” accreditation and 1 Health Center (2.7%) achieved “Main” accreditation. The purpous of this study are to To determine the current OSH practice and determine OSH aspect that needs improvement based on Health Ministry Regulation No.52 of 2018. qualitative methods with a case study design. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) management at Padangsari Health Center was evaluated based on 92 indicators from three main aspects. In the OHS management criteria, 14 out of 23 indicators (60.9%) have been met. For OSH standards, 45 out of 61 indicators (73.8%) have been met. Meanwhile, 8 indicators related to OSH training, reporting, and recording have all been met. Although Padangsari Health Center has achieved "Main" accreditation with an achievement of 72.8%, further efforts are still needed to meet at least 80% of the assessment indicators in order to obtain the highest accreditation, namely "Plenary". It is recommended to improve indicators, especially in improving OHS planning, strengthening supervision, ensuring staff compliance with SOPs, and evaluating the effectiveness of OSH implementation in the future.
Abstract:Connectivism provides abundant enchanting experiences in ELT context due to the benefits that it offers. However, as the practice requires technology integration, physical, and psychological readiness, teachers discover…
challenges upon the implementation. This study aims at investigating the benefits and challenges of the practice in ELT context. Through content analysis qualitative study, the study attains the targeted exploration. 5 experienced English teachers are selected to conduct semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed and reviewed by the researchers and experts for affording the valid results. The results provide valuable insights towards the issues that are raised. This study sheds a light on the essence of digital environment in ELT which assists the feasible various sources of learning to be attained. Findings revealed that Connectivism can definitely foster learners’ language skills, such as speaking, listening, and pronunciation through the various digital platforms that are provided. Interestingly, connectivism is advantageous for strengthening learners' 21st century skills, namely critical thinking, collaboration, communication skills, and creativity in learning English. On the other hand, the challenges encountered by teachers in integrating connectivism are 1) inadequate facilities and infrastructure, 2) lack of training and development in educator resources, and 3) low internet network access or the bandwidth.
Abstract:Anemia in pregnant women is a serious health problem with negative impacts on the health of the mother and fetus. The aim of this research is to conduct a literature review on strategies for reducing and preventing anemia…
a in pregnant women. This study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to collect and evaluate 20 relevant articles regarding strategies for reducing and preventing anemia in pregnant women. A literature search was conducted through various databases and articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for analysis. The main finding of this literature review is that several effective strategies have been identified for the reduction and prevention of anemia in pregnant women, including iron and folic acid supplementation, dietary changes, regular check-ups, health education, and community-based awareness campaigns. Factors such as public awareness, supportive health policies, and easy access to health services play an important role in supporting the successful implementation of these strategies. However, there are also obstacles such as limited access and resources, non-compliance, and cultural challenges that can hinder efforts to prevent anemia. The conclusion of this research is that strategies for reducing and preventing anemia in pregnant women require a holistic approach involving various aspects, including strengthening health services, targeted health education, and cross-sector collaboration. By implementing appropriate recommendations, it is hoped that a significant reduction in the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women can be achieved and improve the overall health of mothers and fetuses.
Abstract:Risk based audit (RBA) is an approach that is increasingly being applied in the banking sector to increase the effectiveness of risk management and compliance with regulations. This approach helps banks identify high-risk…
k areas and prioritize audits according to the level of risk. This research uses qualitative methods with a literature research approach. Data sources consist of scientific journal articles, books, reports and documents related to risk-based and banking audits. Research findings show that the RBA has several key roles in improving banking performance. First, RBA improves operational efficiency and effectiveness by focusing audits on high-risk areas. Second, the RBA enables banks to proactively identify and manage risks, thereby strengthening financial and operational stability. Third, the RBA ensures that banks are more compliant with regulations and industry standards, reducing the risk of sanctions and fines. In addition, the implementation of RBA encourages the formation of a strong risk management culture and the use of information technology to support the risk management process. Risk based audit plays a significant role in improving banking performance. By improving operational efficiency, managing risk proactively, ensuring regulatory compliance, establishing a strong risk management culture, and leveraging technology, banks can achieve stability and better performance in the long term. These findings support the importance of implementing RBA as the main strategy in risk management and supervision in the banking sector.