Abstract:This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for consumers in digital transactions in Indonesia. The method used is library research with a normative juridical approach. The results of the study indicate…
ate that Indonesia actually has an adequate legal basis to protect digital consumers, which is primarily sourced from Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. These regulations have set out basic principles such as the obligation of business actors to provide honest information, consumer rights to security, and the recognition of electronic evidence. However, its implementation in the field encounters various significant obstacles. Case studies on e-commerce and fintech platforms reveal that consumer losses still often occur, such as products that do not match the description, difficulties with refunds, and the vulnerability of personal data. The key finding of this study is that the main challenge lies not in the legal vacuum, but in three aspects: (1) low digital literacy and consumer law so that they are not optimal in fighting for their rights; (2) alternative dispute resolution mechanisms such as BPSK and ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) which are not yet effective, fast, and easily accessible; and (3) weak supervision and law enforcement against unscrupulous business actors in the digital space. Therefore, it is concluded that digital consumer protection efforts require a holistic approach that relies not only on regulations, but also through massive public education, strengthening dispute resolution institutions, and closer synergy between the government, business actors, and the community.
Abstract:This study aims to analyze the influence of timeliness, transparency, and the effectiveness of recommendations on audit quality at the Audit Board(BPK) of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The research focuses on an economic-financial…
financial perspective, namely how these three variables play a role in improving the efficiency of fiscal governance, public spending accountability, and the effectiveness of state financial oversight. Research data were obtained through questionnaire distribution and audit document analysis. The results show that timeliness has a significant effect on audit quality because it is able to maintain the relevance of findings and accelerate follow-up. Transparency has a significant effect on increasing public trust and auditor credibility. The effectiveness of recommendations has the strongest influence on audit quality because it determines the implementation of financial governance improvements in audited entities. This study emphasizes the importance of promoting a fast, open, and responsive audit system to improve the quality of state financial management
Abstract:Justice collaborators, or "crown witnesses," have become essential in modern criminal justice systems, particularly in dismantling organized crime and uncovering complex murder cases. This study explores the legal protections…
tions afforded to justice collaborators in Indonesia through a doctrinal analysis of the Supreme Court Decision No. 1704 K/PID.SUS/2022, commonly known as the Richard Eliezer verdict. The objective is to critically examine the adequacy and application of legal safeguards provided to individuals who cooperate with law enforcement while implicated in serious crimes. Employing normative legal research methods and a statutory and case approach, the paper reveals discrepancies in the implementation of protections for justice collaborators. While the Indonesian Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) offers procedural protections, this analysis identifies significant gaps in enforcement, judicial interpretation, and institutional coordination. The findings underscore a need for stronger legislative frameworks and consistent judicial standards to uphold the rights and safety of justice collaborators. The implications extend to criminal law reform and the balancing of retributive justice with restorative mechanisms. This study contributes to the legal discourse on human rights protections in criminal procedure, particularly concerning vulnerable individuals assisting the justice system under duress or threat.
Abstract:This study aims to construct an integrated constellation model and determine optimal strategies for reinforcing lecturers’ professional commitment at leading private universities in Bogor. Utilizing the POP-SDM (Modeling…
ng and Optimization of Management Resources) framework, the research integrates elements of local wisdom and organizational support within a systemic approach to human resource development. The exploratory qualitative phase involved in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to uncover major determinants influencing professional commitment. From the thematic analysis, four principal variables emerged—teamwork, organizational climate, religiosity, and work motivation—which were validated through expert judgment. Quantitative verification was subsequently performed using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to examine both direct and indirect relationships among constructs. The analysis confirmed that all variables exert positive and significant effects on lecturers’ professional commitment, with work motivation being the most dominant factor. To refine improvement priorities, the SITOREM (Scientific Identification Theory for Conducting Operational Research in Educational Management) method was applied, identifying indicators that should be improved, maintained, or further developed. The findings offer empirical and practical insights, including: (1) a validated POP-SDM–based commitment model combining cultural and organizational dimensions; (2) evidence-based strategies to enhance lecturer professionalism; and (3) an optimization framework to guide sustainable lecturer development in higher education institutions.
Abstract:The objectives of Islamic educational philosophy include examining the function of Islamic educational philosophy in the context of education, explaining and analyzing philosophy in Islam, its objectives, and its methodology.…
logy. Methods in Islamic educational philosophy generally involve literature research and philosophical analysis of various aspects of Islamic education. The application of technology is also considered a means to facilitate discussion and reflection on teaching ethics. The contribution of Islamic educational philosophy to ethical development is explained through the relevance of ethical concepts. A deep understanding of monotheism, justice, compassion, and honesty are promoted as the main foundations in shaping Islamic character. The relevance of these ethical concepts in the context of Islamic education is found in the integration of moral values into the curriculum and teaching practices, thus providing concrete guidelines in everyday life. Recommendations are made for improving the education system, including further integration of ethical concepts into the curriculum and community involvement in ethical development. Furthermore, research development and collaboration between academics and educational practitioners are proposed as an effort to support further understanding and implementation of ethical concepts in Islamic education.
Abstract:Freight forwarding agreements in Indonesia frequently contain exoneration clauses that exempt logistics providers from liability for loss or damage, raising serious concerns regarding consumer protection. While such clauses…
ses are designed to manage contractual risk, they often conflict with the principles enshrined in Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK), particularly those ensuring fairness, good faith, and legal accountability. This study investigates the legality and ethical implications of exoneration clauses within standard-form freight forwarding contracts used by companies such as JNE, TIKI, and SiCepat. Employing a doctrinal legal research methodology, the study integrates statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches to analyze primary legislation, judicial decisions, and relevant legal doctrines. It critically evaluates the use of these clauses in light of consumer rights, contract theory, and the economic impact on service quality. Findings reveal that exoneration clauses not only contravene the UUPK but also create systemic contractual imbalances due to the lack of negotiation opportunities and transparency. The study proposes a normative legal framework for reform, including clause classification, interactive consent mechanisms, and regulatory enforcement to ensure contractual fairness. This research contributes to both legal scholarship and policy development by highlighting the urgent need for doctrinal clarity and regulatory oversight in Indonesia's logistics sector.
Abstract:Public service quality is one of the fundamental indicators in assessing the performance of government institutions, especially at the district level where direct interactions with citizens take place. This study aims to…
analyze the influence of employee motivation on the quality of administrative services at the Leihitu Sub-district Office, Central Maluku Regency. The research employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory design to identify causal relationships between variables. The population in this study consists of all employees involved in administrative services, and total sampling was used due to the manageable number of staff. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire using a Likert scale to measure motivation and service quality indicators. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression to determine the effect of motivation on service quality. The results show that employee motivation significantly and positively influences administrative service quality. Employees with higher intrinsic and extrinsic motivation tend to demonstrate better responsiveness, discipline, communication, and consistency in carrying out public service functions. The study concludes that strengthening motivation is essential to improve public service performance. Therefore, organizational leaders are encouraged to enhance work motivation through recognition, supportive leadership, fair reward systems, and professional development opportunities to ensure services meet community expectations.
Abstract:The Indonesian capital market plays a pivotal role in mobilising long-term financing for corporations and providing investment opportunities to the public. However, persistent stock fraud cases undermine market integrity…
and investor confidence. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the existing legal framework for investor protection against stock fraud, analyse its practical implementation, and recommend measures to strengthen both preventive and repressive mechanisms. Employing a normative legal research design with a qualitative approach, the study integrates statute, conceptual, and case approaches, focusing on Law No. 8 of 1995 on Capital Markets, OJK regulations, the Criminal Code, and notable cases such as PT Hanson International Tbk. The findings reveal that while the legal framework normatively aligns with the Legal Protection Theory, Justice Theory, and Legal Effectiveness Theory, substantial gaps remain between regulation and enforcement. Weak supervisory coordination, delayed intervention, lengthy judicial processes, and low investor legal literacy reduce effectiveness. Recommended reforms include adopting regtech and suptech, enhancing cross-agency data integration, implementing AI-based surveillance, establishing a specialised capital market court, and strengthening investor education. The study concludes that combining regulatory improvements, adaptive enforcement, and public legal empowerment is essential to safeguard investors, maintain market integrity, and promote sustainable economic growth.
Abstract:Rendahnya tingkat kemampuan siswa SMA Negeri 1 Tukdana Tahun Pelajaran 2024/2025 dalam menulis teks laporan hasil observasi, serta keterbatasan guru dalam menerapkan metode pembelajaran yang inovatif dan efektif untuk meningkatkan…
ningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa, menjadi latar belakang utama dilaksanakannya penelitian ini. Sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, peneliti menerapkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dalam proses pembelajaran menulis teks laporan hasil observasi. Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan utama, yaitu: (1) menganalisis efektivitas penerapan model Problem Based Learning dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menulis teks laporan hasil observasi pada siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Tukdana; dan (2) mendeskripsikan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran menulis teks laporan hasil observasi melalui penerapan model Problem Based Learning pada siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Tukdana. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen, dengan desain dua kelompok, yaitu kelas X IPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang mendapatkan perlakuan dengan model Problem Based Learning, dan kelas X IPS 3 sebagai kelas kontrol yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan metode konvensional. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui tes tulis untuk mengukur hasil belajar dan lembar observasi untuk menilai aktivitas pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan statistik menggunakan uji t dua sampel independen (Independent Sample t-Test), diperoleh nilai thitung=3,672t_{hitung} = 3{,}672thitung=3,672 dan ttabel=1,994t_{tabel} = 1{,}994ttabel=1,994 pada taraf signifikansi 5% (α=0,05\alpha = 0{,}05α=0,05). Kriteria pengujian menunjukkan bahwa jika thitung>ttabelt_{hitung} > t_{tabel}thitung>ttabel, maka hipotesis nol (H0H_0H0) ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif (H1H_1H1) diterima. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, karena nilai thitung(3,672)t_{hitung} (3{,}672)thitung(3,672) lebih besar daripada ttabel(1,994)t_{tabel} (1{,}994)ttabel(1,994), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa H1H_1H1 diterima dan H0H_0H0 ditolak. Dengan demikian, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok yang diuji, yang menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan atau metode yang diterapkan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Artinya, hipotesis nihil (H₀) yang menyatakan bahwa penerapan model Problem Based Learning tidak efektif dalam pembelajaran menulis teks laporan hasil observasi pada siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Tukdana Tahun Pelajaran 2024/2025 ditolak. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menulis teks laporan hasil observasi pada siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Tukdana Tahun Pelajaran 2024/2025. Temuan ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Hmelo-Silver (2004) dan Savery (2015), yang menegaskan bahwa Problem Based Learning mampu meningkatkan pemahaman konseptual, keterlibatan aktif, serta keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui efektifitas penerapan model problem based learning dalam pembelajaran menulis teks laporan hasil observasi pada siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Tukdana; 2) mendeskripsikan aktivitas pembelajaran menulis teks laporan hasil observasi dengan menerapkan model problem based learning pada siswa kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Tukdana.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X IPS 3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui tes tulis dan lembar observasi.
Berdasarkan hasil penghitungan statistik dengan menggunakan uji t dua sampel independen (independen simple t test), diperoleh thitung sebesar 3,672 dan ttabel sebesar 1,994. Jadi thitung (3,672) > ttabel (1,994), hal ini menunjukan bahwa H1, diterima. Maka hipotesis nihil (Ho) yaitu penggunaan model problem based learning tidak efektif dalam pembelajaran menulis teks laporan hasil observasi pada siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Tukdana Tahun Pelajaran 2024/2025 ditolak. Dengan demikian, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan model problem based learning dalam pembelajaran menulis teks laporan hasil observasi pada siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Tukdana Tahun Pelajaran 2024/2025 efektif.
Abstract:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penanganan tindak pidana penipuan online oleh Satuan Reserse Kriminal (Satreskrim) Kepolisian Resor Kota Yogyakarta yang dinilai belum optimal dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi…
agi korban, serta untuk merumuskan strategi penanggulangan penipuan online yang efektif guna menjamin perlindungan hukum yang maksimal.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum empiris yang dikombinasikan dengan pendekatan sosiologis dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Data primer diperoleh langsung melalui wawancara dengan aparat Kepolisian Resor Kota Yogyakarta dan perwakilan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, sedangkan data sekunder terdiri atas bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder yang dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis hukum kualitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penanganan tindak pidana penipuan online oleh Kepolisian Resor Kota Yogyakarta belum mampu memberikan perlindungan hukum yang maksimal bagi korban. Hal ini disebabkan oleh lamanya proses hukum serta adanya hambatan koordinasi dengan lembaga eksternal seperti Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan lembaga perbankan akibat regulasi yang ketat dan prosedur birokrasi yang panjang. Akibatnya, korban sering kali tidak memperoleh kepastian hukum maupun kejelasan terkait kompensasi atau pemulihan kerugian yang dialami, sehingga hak-hak mereka belum terpenuhi secara optimal.