Abstract:Keberadaan pedagang daging ayam skala mikro di pedesaan seringkali terabaikan dalam kebijakan pengembangan usaha, padahal mereka memegang peran vital dalam memenuhi kebutuhan protein hewani masyarakat sekaligus menjadi tulang…
ulang punggung ekonomi keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis secara komprehensif strategi pemasaran yang diterapkan oleh pedagang daging ayam di Desa Cumedak, Kabupaten Jember, dalam menghadapi tekanan persaingan pasar yang semakin ketat pasca pandemi. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus, penelitian ini melibatkan tiga pedagang sebagai informan utama, serta pembeli dan tokoh masyarakat sebagai informan pendukung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi, yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña serta analisis SWOT sebagai kerangka pemetaan strategis. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa ketiga pedagang mengalami penurunan volume penjualan yang signifikan, berkisar antara 33% hingga 50%, yang mengindikasikan adanya tekanan eksternal struktural. Posisi strategis pedagang secara kolektif berada pada Kuadran III (Turn-Around) dan Kuadran IV (Defensif), yang mengonfirmasi dominasi kelemahan internal dan ancaman eksternal. Kekuatan utama berupa modal sosial dan reputasi terbukti tidak cukup untuk mengimbangi ancaman seperti masuknya pedagang luar desa, fluktuasi harga pakan, dan perubahan perilaku konsumen. Strategi pemasaran yang dijalankan masih bersifat reaktif dan tradisional, sangat bergantung pada promosi dari mulut ke mulut dan hubungan personal. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya intervensi eksternal yang terstruktur, terutama dalam bentuk pendampingan pemasaran digital, akses permodalan yang lebih mudah, dan pelatihan manajemen usaha, untuk membawa pedagang keluar dari posisi defensif menuju usaha yang lebih berdaya saing dan berkelanjutan.
The existence of micro-scale chicken meat traders in rural areas is often overlooked in business development policies, even though they play a vital role in meeting the community's protein needs while serving as the backbone of family economies. This study aims to comprehensively identify and analyze the marketing strategies applied by chicken meat traders in Cumedak Village, Jember Regency, in facing increasingly intense market competition in the post-pandemic era. Using a qualitative approach with a case study type, this research involved three traders as key informants, as well as buyers and community leaders as supporting informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model and SWOT analysis as a strategic mapping framework. The results reveal that all three traders experienced significant declines in sales volume, ranging from 33% to 50%, indicating structural external pressures. The traders' collective strategic position lies in Quadrant III (Turn-Around) and Quadrant IV (Defensive), confirming the dominance of internal weaknesses and external threats. Social capital and reputation as main strengths proved insufficient to counter threats such as the entry of outside village traders, fluctuating feed prices, and changing consumer behavior. The marketing strategies employed remain reactive and traditional, heavily reliant on word-of-mouth promotion and personal relationships. The implication of this research is the need for structured external intervention, particularly in the form of digital marketing assistance, easier access to capital, and business management training, to move traders from a defensive position towards a more competitive and sustainable enterprise.
Abstract:Latar belakang: Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang masih banyak terjadi pada remaja putri. Salah satu upaya pencegahan anemia adalah konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah (TTD). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk…
tuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan tentang anemia dengan kepatuhan konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah pada remaja putri di SMK Kesehatan Bina Prestasi Tangerang. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 115 remaja putri dengan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner tingkat pengetahuan tentang anemia dan kepatuhan konsumsi TTD. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil: Sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tentang anemia kategori rendah sebanyak 78 orang (67,8%), sedangkan kepatuhan konsumsi TTD sebagian besar berada pada kategori tidak patuh sebanyak 86 orang (74,8%). Hasil uji Chi-Square diperoleh p-value = 0,000 (≤0,05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang anemia dengan kepatuhan konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah pada remaja putri di SMK Kesehatan Bina Prestasi Tangerang.
Background: Anemia is one of the health problems that commonly occurs among adolescent girls. One of the efforts to prevent anemia is the consumption of Iron Supplement Tablets (IST). Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge about anemia and adherence to Iron Supplement Tablets consumption among adolescent girls at SMK Kesehatan Bina Prestasi Tangerang. Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The population and sample consisted of 115 adolescent girls selected using total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires measuring the level of knowledge about anemia and adherence to Iron Supplement Tablets consumption. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: Most respondents had a low level of knowledge about anemia, totaling 78 respondents (67.8%), while 86 respondents (74.8%) were categorized as non-adherent to Iron Supplement Tablets consumption. The Chi-Square test resulted in a p-value of 0.000 (≤0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge about anemia and adherence to Iron Supplement Tablets consumption among adolescent girls at SMK Kesehatan Bina Prestasi Tangerang.
Abstract:Latar Belakang: Kecemasan sosial disebut sebagai permasalahan kondisi kejiwaan dan banyak remaja terhambat dalam berinteraksi serta menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan. Salah satu faktor yang berperan terhadap munculnya…
kecemasan sosial adalah body image, yaitu ketika individu memiliki persepsi pada bentuk serta cara berpenampilan dirinya. Meskipun demikian, dari mereka masih banyak yang merasa tidak percaya diri, khawatir terhadap penilaian orang lain, serta cenderung menghindari situasi sosial. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih dalam tentang body image dan kecemasan sosial pada remaja kelas X di SMKN 9 Kota Tangerang. Metode: Kuantitatif cross-sectional. Sampel berjumlah 190 responden dengan menggunakan analisis uji Spearman Rank. Hasil: Mayoritas responden berusia remaja periode tengah (94,7%), responden perempuan (71,6%). Responden bermayoritas body image negatif sejumlah 111 (58,4%), kecemasan sosial tinggi sebanyak 75 orang (39,5%). Analisis Spearman Rank (r = -0,728; p = 0,000). Kesimpulan: Persepsi remaja terhadap kondisi, bentuk, dan penampilan fisiknya memiliki keterkaitan yang kuat, berlawanan arah, dan bermakna dengan tingkat rasa cemas yang dialami ketika berinteraksi dalam lingkungan sosial. Pada remaja kelas X di SMKN 9 Kota Tangerang, pandangan yang semakin negatif terhadap diri dan penampilan fisik dapat berkaitan dengan meningkatnya perasaan khawatir, tidak percaya diri, tidak nyaman, serta takut mendapatkan penilaian negatif dari orang lain. Kondisi tersebut dapat membuat remaja merasa lebih cemas ketika berhadapan, berkomunikasi, maupun berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. Sebaliknya, remaja yang memiliki pandangan lebih positif dan mampu menerima kondisi fisiknya cenderung memiliki tingkat kecemasan yang lebih rendah dalam menghadapi berbagai situasi sosial
Background: Social anxiety is considered a mental health concern that may hinder many adolescents from interacting and adapting to their environment. One factor associated with the emergence of social anxiety is body image, which refers to an individual's perception of their body shape and appearance. However, many adolescents still experience low self-confidence, worry about others' judgments, and tend to avoid social situations. Based on these conditions, further research is needed to examine body image and social anxiety among tenth-grade students at SMKN 9 Kota Tangerang. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. A total of 190 respondents were included, and data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank test. Results: Most respondents were in the middle adolescent period (94.7%) and were female (71.6%). The majority of respondents had a negative body image, accounting for 111 respondents (58.4%), while 75 respondents (39.5%) experienced high levels of social anxiety. The Spearman Rank analysis showed a strong negative correlation (r = -0.728; p = 0.000). Conclusion: Adolescents' perceptions of their physical condition, body shape, and appearance have a strong, inverse, and significant association with the level of anxiety experienced when interacting in social environments. Among tenth-grade students at SMKN 9 Kota Tangerang, increasingly negative perceptions of oneself and one's physical appearance may be associated with greater feelings of worry, low self-confidence, discomfort, and fear of negative evaluation by others. These conditions may cause adolescents to experience greater anxiety when meeting, communicating, and interacting with people in their surroundings. Conversely, adolescents with more positive perceptions and greater acceptance of their physical appearance tend to experience lower levels of anxiety in various social situations.
Abstract:Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana membawa perubahan penting dalam sistem pemidanaan Indonesia, termasuk pengaturan mengenai pengulangan tindak pidana sebagai dasar pemberatan…
beratan pidana. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis reformulasi pengaturan residivisme dalam KUHP Nasional sebagai dasar pemberatan pidana, khususnya dalam membangun pengaturan yang lebih jelas, sistematis, dan memberikan kepastian hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif dengan menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan dan bahan hukum yang relevan dengan pengaturan residivisme serta pemberatan pidana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan residivisme dalam KUHP lama melalui Pasal 486, Pasal 487, dan Pasal 488 memiliki karakter terbatas karena pemberatan dikaitkan dengan kelompok tindak pidana tertentu. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan kompleksitas dalam penerapan dan membutuhkan identifikasi riwayat kriminal pelaku secara tepat. KUHP Nasional melalui Pasal 23 memberikan pengaturan yang lebih terstruktur mengenai pengulangan tindak pidana berdasarkan tenggang waktu dan karakteristik tindak pidana, sedangkan Pasal 58 huruf c menempatkan pengulangan tindak pidana sebagai faktor yang memperberat pidana dan Pasal 59 mengatur batas pemberatan paling banyak sepertiga dari maksimum ancaman pidana. Reformulasi tersebut memperlihatkan upaya memperjelas hubungan antara pengulangan tindak pidana dan pemberatan pidana. Namun, penerapannya tetap perlu memperhatikan proporsionalitas, kepastian hukum, tujuan pemidanaan, pembinaan, pencegahan pengulangan, dan reintegrasi sosial. Dengan demikian, reformulasi residivisme perlu diarahkan pada konstruksi yang konsisten dan terukur agar pemberatan pidana tidak hanya berorientasi pada penambahan berat sanksi, tetapi juga mendukung pencegahan residivisme. Pengaturan yang demikian diharapkan mampu memberikan pedoman yang lebih pasti bagi hakim dan aparat penegak hukum dalam menerapkan pemberatan terhadap pelaku yang mengulangi tindak pidana.
The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code has brought important changes in the Indonesian penal system, including regulations regarding the repetition of criminal acts as the basis for criminal charges. This study aims to analyze the reformulation of recidivism regulations in the National Criminal Code as the basis for criminal charges, especially in building clearer, systematic, and more legal certainty regulations. This research uses a prescriptive normative legal research method by examining laws and regulations and legal materials relevant to the regulation of recidivism and criminal charges. The results of the study show that the regulation of recidivism in the old Criminal Code through Article 486, Article 487, and Article 488 has a limited character because the charges are associated with certain groups of criminal acts. This condition creates complexity in implementation and requires proper identification of the criminal history of the perpetrator. The National Criminal Code through Article 23 provides a more structured regulation regarding the repetition of criminal acts based on the grace period and characteristics of the criminal act, while Article 58 letter c places the repetition of criminal acts as a factor that aggravates the crime and Article 59 regulates the limit of the aggravation of a maximum of one-third of the maximum criminal threat. The reformulation shows an effort to clarify the relationship between the repetition of a criminal act and the aggravation of a criminal offense. However, its application still needs to pay attention to proportionality, legal certainty, the purpose of criminalization, coaching, prevention of repetition, and social reintegration. Thus, the reformulation of recidivism needs to be directed at a consistent and measurable construction so that criminal repetition is not only oriented towards increasing the severity of sanctions, but also supports the prevention of recidivism. Such an arrangement is expected to be able to provide a more definite guideline for judges and law enforcement officials in applying the burden to perpetrators who repeat criminal acts.
Abstract:Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana memperkenalkan pengakuan bersalah sebagai mekanisme baru yang tersebar dalam Pasal 78, Pasal 205, dan Pasal 234. Ketiga ketentuan…
n tersebut sama-sama memberi ruang percepatan pemeriksaan perkara, tetapi membentuk kedalaman pengujian hakim yang berbeda terhadap kesukarelaan pengakuan terdakwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsistensi standar pengawasan hakim dalam tiga jalur pengakuan bersalah serta merumuskan parameter minimum yang menjamin pengakuan diberikan secara bebas, sadar, tanpa paksaan, dan berdasarkan pemahaman penuh. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Bahan hukum utama meliputi UU Nomor 20 Tahun 2025, SEMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2026, serta Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 213/PUU-XXIV/2026. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 205 memuat pengujian paling mendalam karena mewajibkan hakim menelusuri kualitas pemeriksaan pada tahap penyidikan dan penuntutan, sedangkan Pasal 78 menekankan kesukarelaan, pendampingan advokat, pemahaman konsekuensi, dan dukungan dua alat bukti. Pasal 234 menggunakan pengujian yang lebih ringkas. Perbedaan ini dapat menimbulkan disparitas tingkat perlindungan terdakwa. Penelitian menawarkan Model Uji Keabsahan Lima Parameter yang mencakup kelayakan prosedural, pendampingan hukum efektif, pemahaman dan pelepasan hak secara sadar, kebebasan dari tekanan, serta dasar faktual dan dokumentasi pengakuan sebagai standar minimum yang dapat diterapkan lintas ketentuan.
The enactment of Law Number 20 of 2025 on the Criminal Procedure Code introduced guilty plea mechanisms through Articles 78, 205, and 234. Although all three provisions facilitate an expedited criminal process, they establish different levels of judicial scrutiny over the voluntariness of a defendant's admission. This study examines the consistency of judicial review standards across the three mechanisms and formulates minimum safeguards to ensure that a guilty plea is made freely, knowingly, without coercion, and with full understanding of its legal consequences. The research employs normative legal methods using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The main legal materials are Law Number 20 of 2025, Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 1 of 2026, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 213/PUU-XXIV/2026. The study finds that Article 205 provides the most intensive scrutiny because the judge must review the quality of investigation and prosecution, while Article 78 emphasizes voluntariness, effective legal assistance, informed consequences, and support by two lawful items of evidence. Article 234 adopts a more concise examination. This disparity may produce unequal protection among defendants. The article proposes a Five-Parameter Validity Test covering procedural eligibility, effective legal assistance, informed waiver of rights, freedom from coercion, and factual basis with adequate documentation as a minimum standard across all guilty plea mechanisms.
Abstract:Pengakuan terhadap hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana nasional membuka ruang baru bagi penempatan sanksi pidana adat Nias, khususnya Ogauta, dalam sistem pemidanaan Indonesia. Masalah…
h penelitian terletak pada ketegangan antara pengakuan kearifan lokal, asas legalitas, dan kewajiban negara melindungi hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, serta menelaah Fondrakö dan Ogauta melalui literatur hukum adat Nias. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ogauta tidak berkedudukan sebagai rezim pemidanaan yang berdiri sendiri, melainkan dapat memperoleh pengakuan secara bersyarat sebagai pemenuhan kewajiban adat apabila memenuhi Pasal 2, Pasal 66, Pasal 96, dan Pasal 597 KUHP, sebagaimana disesuaikan melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2026, serta kriteria Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 55 Tahun 2025. Penelitian ini menawarkan Model Uji Tiga Lapis yang mencakup uji eksistensi adat, uji legalitas nasional, dan uji konstitusionalitas serta hak asasi manusia untuk menentukan apakah suatu bentuk Ogauta dapat diintegrasikan, perlu ditransformasikan, atau tidak dapat diakui dalam sistem pemidanaan nasional.
The recognition of living law in Indonesia's national Criminal Code creates a new legal space for positioning Nias customary criminal sanctions, particularly Ogauta, within the national sentencing system. The central problem is the tension between recognition of local wisdom, the principle of legality, and the state's obligation to protect human rights. This research applies normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, while examining Fondrakö and Ogauta through scholarly literature on Nias customary law. The study finds that Ogauta does not operate as an autonomous criminal punishment regime. It may receive conditional recognition as the fulfillment of customary obligations only when it complies with Articles 2, 66, 96, and 597 of the Criminal Code, as adjusted by Law Number 1 of 2026, and with the criteria stipulated by Government Regulation Number 55 of 2025. The article proposes a Three-Layer Review Model consisting of an existence test, a national legality test, and a constitutional and human rights test to determine whether a particular Ogauta sanction can be integrated, requires normative transformation, or cannot be recognized within the national sentencing system.
Abstract:Program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) merupakan program strategis nasional untuk mempercepat pendaftaran tanah guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum hak atas tanah. Pelaksanaannya yang bersifat massal berpotensi…
menimbulkan ketidaksesuaian data fisik dan data yuridis yang dapat memengaruhi keabsahan sertipikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bentuk-bentuk ketidaksesuaian data fisik dan data yuridis dalam pelaksanaan PTSL, akibat hukumnya terhadap keabsahan sertipikat hak atas tanah, pihak yang berpotensi bertanggung jawab, serta mekanisme penyelesaiannya. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, kasus, dan komparatif, melalui penelaahan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang didukung dokumentasi kasus pada Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Serang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidaksesuaian data fisik berupa perbedaan luas, batas, dan tumpang tindih bidang, serta ketidaksesuaian data yuridis berupa kekeliruan identitas, alas hak, dan klaim ganda berpotensi menimbulkan cacat administratif maupun cacat yuridis pada sertipikat. Panitia Ajudikasi PTSL berkedudukan sebagai pihak yang bertanggung jawab utama secara kelembagaan, dengan dukungan Satuan Tugas Fisik dan Satuan Tugas Yuridis; Kantor Pertanahan dan pemohon dapat pula dimintai pertanggungjawaban apabila kelalaian atau kesalahan terbukti. Penyelesaian dilakukan secara bertahap sesuai jenis permasalahan, mulai dari pembetulan data dan mediasi hingga pembatalan sertipikat melalui mekanisme administratif atau peradilan.
The Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program is a national strategic program intended to accelerate land registration and realize legal certainty over land rights. Its mass implementation may result in discrepancies between physical and juridical data that can affect the validity of land title certificates. This study analyzes the forms of physical and juridical data discrepancies in PTSL, their legal consequences for certificate validity, potentially liable parties, and available settlement mechanisms. This normative juridical study employs statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches by examining primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials supported by case documentation from the Serang Regency Land Office. The findings indicate that discrepancies in physical data, including differences in area, boundaries, and overlapping plots, as well as discrepancies in juridical data, including identity errors, defective bases of title, and multiple claims, may result in administrative and/or juridical defects in certificates. The PTSL Adjudication Committee bears primary institutional responsibility, assisted by the Physical and Juridical Task Forces, while the Land Office and applicants may also be held responsible where negligence or fault is proven. Settlement is conducted progressively according to the nature of the problem, ranging from data correction and mediation to certificate cancellation through administrative or judicial mechanisms.
Abstract:Sistem pendaftaran merek di Indonesia menganut asas first-to-file, tetapi penerapannya dibatasi oleh kewajiban bahwa pendaftaran harus dilakukan dengan iktikad baik. Persoalan dapat muncul ketika suatu merek memiliki kemiripan…
iripan dengan merek yang telah terdaftar atau lebih dahulu diajukan, kemudian didaftarkan oleh pihak lain yang memiliki tujuan tidak baik. Atas dasar tersebut, penelitian ini disusun untuk menganalisis ketentuan mengenai iktikad tidak baik dalam proses pendaftaran merek berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap pemilik merek terdaftar dari pendaftaran yang dilakukan dengan iktikad tidak baik dengan mengacu pada Putusan Nomor 1 PK/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2025. Berdasarkan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan kasus, diperoleh hasil bahwa iktikad tidak baik dapat menjadi alasan penolakan permohonan pendaftaran merek sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 21 ayat (3), sekaligus menjadi batas terhadap penerapan asas first-to-file. Perlindungan hukum terhadap pemilik merek diberikan dalam bentuk preventif melalui pemeriksaan substantif dan penolakan permohonan serta represif melalui pengajuan gugatan pembatalan merek sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 76 dan Pasal 77
The trademark registration system in Indonesia adopts the first-to-file principle; however, its application is subject to the requirement that registration be conducted in good faith. Issues may arise when a trademark resembles one that has already been registered or previously applied for and is subsequently registered by another party with improper intentions. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the provisions concerning bad faith in the trademark registration process under Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications. This study also examines the forms of legal protection available to registered trademark owners against registrations made in bad faith by referring to Decision Number 1 PK/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2025. Using a normative juridical research method with a statutory and case approach, the study finds that bad faith may constitute a basis for rejecting a trademark registration application as provided under Article 21 paragraph (3), while also serving as a limitation on the application of the first-to-file principle. Legal protection for registered trademark owners is provided preventively through substantive examination and rejection of applications, and repressively through the filing of trademark cancellation lawsuits as regulated under Articles 76 and 77.
Abstract:Toddlerhood is a crucial period in the stages of human development characterized by significant acceleration in physical growth, cognitive development, and the formation of emotional and social foundations. This study aims…
ms to identify the types of sleep disorders and their impact on cognitive, behavioral, and physical development of toddlers through a literature review approach. A literature search was conducted on the ScienceDirect database with the inclusion criteria of English-language articles published between 2021-2025, focusing on toddlers aged 1-5 years. Of the 39 articles found, three were selected for analysis. Results showed that sleep disorders, such as behavioral insomnia and sleep apnea, correlate with behavioral problems such as social withdrawal, inattention, and hyperactivity, especially in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and premature infants. Risk factors include neonatal drug exposure and inconsistent parenting. Multidimensional sleep assessment is recommended for early detection, while behavior-based interventions and sleep hygiene education are effective in treatment. Sleep disorders also impact family well-being, increasing parental stress.
Abstract:Global economic inequality has become a pressing issue, as conventional economic systems often prioritize growth over equitable wealth distribution, leaving marginalized populations vulnerable. Islamic economics offers an…
n alternative paradigm that integrates ethical principles, social justice, and welfare-oriented financial mechanisms to address these disparities. This study aims to systematically analyze the role of Islamic economic instruments in promoting social justice and reducing inequality. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using the PRISMA framework, reviewing 21 selected studies published between 2016 and 2025 from international and national academic databases. The analysis focuses on key instruments, including zakat, waqf, Islamic microfinance, and macro-level financial inclusion. The results indicate that zakat and waqf significantly contribute to poverty alleviation and sustainable development, while Islamic microfinance empowers economically marginalized communities by enhancing financial access and independence. Macro-level Islamic finance further supports inclusive economic growth and aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The discussion highlights both the effectiveness and challenges of these instruments, emphasizing the need for robust governance, regulatory support, and financial literacy programs. In conclusion, Islamic economics provides a holistic and ethical approach to address global inequality, offering policymakers and practitioners practical strategies for achieving inclusive and sustainable economic development.